Value Of Different Levels Research Articles

Evolution of Value Systems in the “Era of Great Changes”: General Challenges and Problems

The article examines the evolution of the system of traditional values in the era of fundamental changes in the social system. Values of different levels are considered: formational, belonging to a certain social system and changing with the change of the system, as well as civilizational, deep values, generated in a certain religious and cultural space and preserved in the system of ideals and norms of behavior of many generations.Values reflect and express a certain state of the whole society. With the change of the social system through formational evolution in the West or through “catch-up modernization” in non-Western countries, changes occur in the system of values as an interconnected set of ideals, ideas and norms. Traditional values, as a rule, retreat before the values of “today”, generated by society itself or borrowed from outside. Conflicts of identity and self-identity of the individual and society arise.In the first decades of the 21st century, in the context of the beginning of the change of the world order, new meanings of development are being developed and sought. The processes of globalization (technological revolution, global migration, flows of goods and information), as well as the West’s desire to maintain the dominant order, while nonWestern countries strengthen their importance in the world system, give rise to conflicts of values at different levels. However, not every civilizational challenge becomes a threat to traditional values. In non-Western societies, there is an adaptation of their value system to changed conditions while maintaining fidelity to the ideals and norms of their cultural and religious tradition.

Origin of regularity in different nuclei from the viewpoint of the effective quadrupole deformation and triaxiality

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the possible relation between the regularity of nuclei and the quadrupole deformation of different levels (and also triaxiality). The present paper aims to uncover the underlying physical reasons for this regularity. To this aim, we calculated the effective quadrupole deformation of different levels using the interacting boson model. Also, different ratios between the quadrupole deformations of the energy levels in the ground, beta, and gamma bands are defined. The results for the energy levels confirm the correctness of labeling these states by the quantum numbers of U(5) and SU(3) dynamical symmetry limits (and also the extraction processes). Also, we observed a repetition pattern for these ratios for regular nuclei. Of course, the regularity and sameness of repetition patterns for the levels of the rotational bands are more than the levels of the ground band. For further study, we analyzed the effective quadrupole deformation values of different levels of regular nuclei using random matrix theory. The results show a strong statistical correlation for these quantities and confirm the observed repetition pattern. Also, the results of our studies showed that regular nuclei have triaxial properties.

Association rule mining with a special rule coding and dynamic genetic algorithm for air quality impact factors in Beijing, China.

Understanding air quality requires a comprehensive understanding of its various factors. Most of the association rule techniques focuses on high frequency terms, ignoring the potential importance of low- frequency terms and causing unnecessary storage space waste. Therefore, a dynamic genetic association rule mining algorithm is proposed in this paper, which combines the improved dynamic genetic algorithm with the association rule mining algorithm to realize the importance mining of low- frequency terms. Firstly, in the chromosome coding phase of genetic algorithm, an innovative multi-information coding strategy is proposed, which selectively stores similar values of different levels in one storage unit. It avoids storing all the values at once and facilitates efficient mining of valid rules later. Secondly, by weighting the evaluation indicators such as support, confidence and promotion in association rule mining, a new evaluation index is formed, avoiding the need to set a minimum threshold for high-interest rules. Finally, in order to improve the mining performance of the rules, the dynamic crossover rate and mutation rate are set to improve the search efficiency of the algorithm. In the experimental stage, this paper adopts the 2016 annual air quality data set of Beijing to verify the effectiveness of the unit point multi-information coding strategy in reducing the rule storage air, the effectiveness of mining the rules formed by the low frequency item set, and the effectiveness of combining the rule mining algorithm with the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm in terms of search time and convergence. In the experimental stage, this paper adopts the 2016 annual air quality data set of Beijing to verify the effectiveness of the above three aspects. The unit point multi-information coding strategy reduced the rule space storage consumption by 50%, the new evaluation index can mine more interesting rules whose interest level can be up to 90%, while mining the rules formed by the lower frequency terms, and in terms of search time, we reduced it about 20% compared with some meta-heuristic algorithms, while improving convergence.

The Effect of Splenic Irradiation on Mean Fluorescence Intensity Values of HLA Antibody in Presensitized Patients Waiting for Kidney Transplantation

To explore the desensitization treatment of patients waiting for kidney transplantation, this article comparative analysis of the effect of splenic irradiation on mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values of HLA antibodies of 4 presensitized patients. After splenic irradiation, the mean MFI values of HLA-I antibody in 4 patients all decreased (P ≤ .001, P ≤ .001, P ≤ .001, P ≤ .001), and 3 patients had a decrease in intensity level (P ≤ .001, P=.001, P ≤ .001); as for HLA-II antibody, the mean MFI values in 3 patients also decreased (P ≤ .001, P=.025, P=.016), 1 patient had a decrease in intensity level (P ≤ .001) and the other 2 cases had no significant changes (P=1.000, P=.564). On the other hand, splenic irradiation reduces MFI values in different levels of HLA antibody. So, splenic irradiation can reduce the MFI values of HLA antibodies.

Quantifying perceived social benefit of bicycle-friendly infrastructure in Indian cities: Patna as a case study

The Indian central government has been trying to promote the use of bicycles in the Indian cities acknowledging its potential as a sustainable mode of transport. At the urban administrative level, however, there seems to be skepticism in accepting bicycle infrastructure development as an objective to be invested in. To overcome this, the urban local bodies need to be informed of the perceived social benefits of bicycle infrastructure as a rationale for investing in it. This study identifies the commuters’ idea of favourable cycling conditions through a discrete choice experiment conducted in Patna. Different sets of choice alternatives based on different levels of the six identified factors are presented to the commuters using a Stated Preference survey, and their choice data is collected. Using the Multinomial Logit Model, the coefficients and the willingness-to-pay (WTP) values for different levels of factors are determined. The WTP values depict the quantified perceived social benefit of bicycle-infrastructure development in Patna. Findings from the present study show that a reduction in Trip Length has the highest WTP, followed by better route visibility, segregation from motorized vehicles, improvement in road surface quality, and integration with Public Transport.

On the use of transmissibility for the detection of damaged springs in the primary suspension of a locomotive

The condition monitoring of the suspensions of railway vehicles is of utmost importance, allowing the reduction of the maintenance actions and the increase in the operational safety. However, the available methods often require a simplification of the vehicle through linearised models, a high number of sensors, or the use of complex algorithms that disregard the mechanical phenomena that explain the vehicle dynamics. This work suggests the Localized Transmissibility Damage Indicator (LTDI), based on the existing Transmissibility Damage Indicator (TDI), to detect damage in the springs of a locomotive, using pairs of sensors placed in the bogie frame and the axle boxes. For that purpose, multibody simulations are used to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle in tangent tracks under nominal and damaged conditions. The results from multibody simulations allow the calculation of the LTDI values for different levels of damage and various operation conditions, as well as the study of the effect of the variability inherent to the railway operation. The results show that the LTDI is significantly sensitive to damage. However, depending on the use of the lateral or vertical response, the LTDI is more suitable to detect the stiffness increase or decrease, or even to locate the damage. In conclusion, the LTDI is a promising method for the detection of damage on suspension elements of railway vehicles.

Prognostic Value of Different Levels of Uric Acid in Patients with Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Recent data suggest that uric acid (UA) might be an independent predictor of clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The predictive value of uric acid in patients undergoing PCI for chronic total occlusions (CTO) is unknown. We included patients with CTO who underwent PCI at our center in 2005 and 2012, with available uric acid levels before angiography. Subjects were divided into groups according to uric acid tertiles (<5.5 mg/dL, 5.6-6.9 mg/dL, and >7.0 mg/dL), and outcomes were compared among the groups. Out of the 1963 patients (mean age 65.2 ± 11 years), 34.7% (n = 682) had uric acid concentrations in the first tertile, 34.3% (n = 673) in the second tertile, and 31% (n = 608) in the third tertile. Median follow-up was 3.0 years. Uric acid levels in the first tertile were associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality, as compared to the third tertile, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49 to 0.92; p = 0.012). No significant differences regarding all-cause mortality were found between patients in the first and second tertiles (HR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.71 to 1.3; p = 0.78]). High levels of uric acid emerged as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic total occlusion treated with PCI. Hence, uric acid levels should be incorporated into the risk assessment of patients with CTO.

Extent of interocular (a)symmetry based on the metabolomic profile of human aqueous humor.

Aims: Interocular comparison of the metabolomic signature of aqueous humor (AH) was performed. The aim of the study was to quantitatively evaluate the symmetry in concentrations of various metabolites belonging to different categories. Methods: The study included AH samples from 23 patients, 74.17 ± 11.52years old, undergoing simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery at the Ophthalmology Department of the Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based targeted metabolomics and lipidomics analyses of AH samples were performed using the AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit. Out of 188 metabolites available in the kit, 67 were measured in the majority (>70%) of the samples: 21/21 amino acids, 10/22 biogenic amines, 9/40 acylcarnitines, 0/14 lysophosphatidylcholines, 21/76 phosphatidylcholines, 5/15 sphingolipids, and 1/1sum of hexoses. Results: The comparison of both eyes revealed that the concentrations of metabolites did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) except for taurine (p = 0.037). There was moderate-to-strong positive interocular correlation (r > 0.5) between most metabolites regarding concentration. This was confirmed by the high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of different levels, which varied for the different metabolites. However, there were exceptions. Correlations were not significant for 2 acylcarnitines (tiglylcarnitine and decadienylcarnitine) and 3 glycerophospholipids (PC aa C32:3, PC aa C40:2, and PC aa C40:5). Conclusion: With a few exceptions, a single eye was found to be representative of the fellow eye in terms of the concentration of most of the analyzed metabolites. The degree of intraindividual variability in the AH of fellow eyes differs for particular metabolites/metabolite categories.

Application of Space–Sky–Earth Integration Technology with UAVs in Risk Identification of Tailings Ponds

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography technology has gradually become a new technical means of disaster risk identification. This technology combines UAVs, satellite remote sensing, and ground online monitoring systems to establish an integrated space–sky–Earth system that can be used for tailings pond risk identification. With the use of this system for visual interpretation, water body identification, and monitoring data analysis, multiple types of monitoring parameters of a typical tailings pond in China, such as the seepage line and surface deformation, were obtained. Moreover, intelligent fusion analysis was performed of multisource data to outline the problems affecting tailings safety in the process of elevation expansion and irregular ore discharge of the tailings pond. Warning values of different levels were obtained to assess the overall safety condition of the tailings pond, and the proposed technology was verified. The research results could provide a new basis for accurate evaluation of the running state of tailings ponds and offer an effective remote monitoring means for tailings pond enterprises and supervisory departments.

Cognitive disorders in the elderly persons and their psychometric markers

IntroductionPopulation aging is accompanied by an increase in mental disorders of late age, cognitive impairment and dementia, which makes research on their diagnosis, prevention and therapy particularly relevant.ObjectivesIn order to improve the diagnosis of cognitive disorders in elderly patients, a comparative characteristic of the MMSE and MoCA psychometric scales is presented. Due to the lack of differentiation of results in the MoCA - test according to the severity of cognitive disorders, ranking was carried out to determine the scoring levels of cognitive decline.MethodsOn the clinical basis of the scientific department of gerontopsychiatry of the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - branch of the V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 46 people over 60 years old were examined. The identified mental disorders were coded under the ICD-10 F00-F09 rubric “Organic, including symptomatic mental disorders”. Cognitive status assessment was carried out by psychometric scales MMSE and MoCA. Psychometric and statistical research methods were used. To compare MoCA and MMSE scores, an equal-percentage alignment method was usedResultsIn patients examined by MMSE and MoCA, different point values were determined in assessing cognitive functions. In most observations, the MoCA- test indicators were lower than the MMSE values. The following correspondences of the score values of the scales were revealed: MOCA 23-30 - MMSE 28-30 points; MOCA 22-18 - MMSE 27-25; MOCA 17-12 – MMSE 23-20; MOCA 12-0 – MMSE 19-0.ConclusionsSuch features of the MMSE scale as insufficient sensitivity in assessing memory impairment and differentiation of non-dementia levels of cognitive impairment, regulatory functions of programming and goal-setting, lexical fluency were revealed. The advantages of the MoCA - test were the ability to assess visual-constructive and executive skills, praxis, a more accurate assessment of memory impairments, mobility of mental processes and the ability to switch, logical thinking, the possibility of topical diagnosis of brain damage. The disadvantages of the MoCA - test were the duration of its implementation, the fatigue of patients, the lack of tasks for assessing written speech and motor praxis.The MoCA - test is a more sensitive method for detecting and differentiating cognitive impairment compared to the MMSE scale, which makes it possible to recommend it for widespread introduction into psychiatric practice. Relevant in further studies are the determination of indicators of moderate cognitive impairment as a threshold value between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and incipient dementia, clarification of the point values of different levels of dementia.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Sets of Nonbinary Sequences with a Low Level of Mutual Correlation for Systems of Digital Information Transmission

The sets of nonbinary pseudorandom sequences (NPSs) for periods N = p^S– 1 20 000 (p = 3, 5,7, and 11) generated in finite fields GF(pS) whose power is V = N + 1 and the maximum of the module of peaks of the periodic autocorrelation function (PACF) and periodic cross-correlation function (PCCF) satisfy the bounds obtained by Sidel’nikov. In addition to the minimal polynomials of elements α and α^2 , where α is a primitive element of field GF(p^S), the minimal polynomials of elements α and α^(i_d)(i_d is the decimation index) are determined on the basis of which the new sets of NPSs can be formed with the equivalent correlation properties. Sets of indices i_d 2 are determined for various combinations of parameters p and S. The cases of even and odd values of parameter S are considered, for which the values of the PACF and PCCF with the maximum module are obtained and the number and values of different levels of correlation functions are determined.

АСПЕКТИ МАРКЕТИНГУ ЦІНОСТЕЙ В КОНТЕКСТІ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЙНИХ ПІДХОДІВ ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ОЦIНКИ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ

Of the marketing of values combines’ individual and public interests is based on the study of structural components of human capital as a source of their origin and formation of systems of needs and features of market demand. The analysis of the terminology of the concept of the "marketing of values" and the study of its structure proved that there is no single generally accepted definition; there is no specification of the content and a single general approach to its structure. The formation of the marketing of values takes place in accordance with the defined object, subject, requirements, which are put forward by the project orientation of the development of human capital. During the formation of the marketing of values, a complex of directions represented by innovative marketing, ecological marketing, aesthetic marketing, socio-ethical marketing, and integrated marketing was identified in the research process. They are implemented because of holistic and integrated marketing. In socio-ethical marketing as a component of value marketing, such directions as: innovation marketing, relationship marketing, socially responsible marketing, social marketing and ethical marketing are highlighted. Managing the development of human capital under the influence of value marketing measures, establishing the nature of interdependencies and the dynamics of changes requires the specification of needs in terms of the structure of human capital, the justification of the directions and parameters of the marketing of values, the system of evaluating human capital and of the marketing of values, methods of assessing their mutual influences. The marketing of values complex is represented by quantitative estimates, and first of all, the quantity of goods and price. Modeling of changes in the components of human capital under the influence of the marketing complex is based on consideration of the interpretation of the marketing of values, human capital and methodical approaches to assessment. Quantitative assessment of human capital and its structural elements provides an opportunity to determine and evaluate the main directions and components of the marketing of values during project modeling. Marketing of values, considered as a factor influencing the development of human capital and increasing the level of well-being of an economic entity, is focused on the elements of the structure of human capital, which provides an opportunity to carry out combinatorial modeling by types of markets, by the level of management and entrepreneurship, by the resulting effect at the level of the formation of the marketing of values for different levels of potential consumers. The considered interpretations, structure and methods of human capital assessment create a basis for their further use in variant modeling of the marketing of values, design and effectiveness of measures to influence the development of human capital.

Prediction of shear strength for granular material under the effect of liquid-powder binder using a PSO–RBF neural network model

In this paper, the performance of particle swarm optimization–radial basis function (PSO–RBF) neural network was examined to predict the shear strength of granular material. Direct shear tests were conducted on glass beads (400–600 mm in size) with 2% of liquid content at different powder contents (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) as the binder. Hydrated lime (HL), quick lime (QL), calcite, and sodium lignosulfonate (SL) powders were used to compare their shear strength characteristics. The actual loading stress was controlled at five levels (6.9, 10.3, 13.8, 17.3, and 20.7 kPa), and five further levels (24.2, 27.7, 31.2, 34.6, and 38.1 kPa) were used for prediction. Results showed that at 2% of water, the shear strength regularly increased at all amounts of HL, QL, and calcite powder. With the increased SL powder, the shear strength decreased. The actual and predicted maximum shear stress values for different levels of normal stress were fitted using the widely accepted Mohr–Coulomb criterion to determine the internal friction angle and cohesion, and R 2 was improved from 0.98 to 0.99. The PSO–RBF neural network model was a flexible and accurate method for the prediction of the shear strength of granular material.

Semiology of Art and Mysticism in Persian Architecture According to Rumi’s Mystical Opinions (Case Study: Sheikh Lotf-Allah Mosque, Iran)

A glimpse of the history of Islamic art indicates that Sufism and mysticism have long been among the most important intellectual and spiritual currents influencing Persian art and architecture. Accordingly, re-reading the symbolic concepts as well as the mystical and spiritual semiotics and seeking their reflection in the body of architecture is an obligatory instruction that should be considered in the process of architectural design. In this research, the authors endeavor to investigate the semiology in the physical elements of Sheikh Lotf-Allah Mosque in Isfahan and its relationship with Rumi’s mysticism using inferential–analytical methods and based on library studies and empirical observations. This research found that the Sheikh Lotf-Allah Mosque was constructed according to the mystical opinions of Rumi in order to demonstrate the semantic values of different levels of the universe in its physical form, structure and configuration. According to the findings, the use of Rumi’s mysticism propagates a God-centered semantic spirit to the body of Persian architectural elements, which always reminds human beings of their true home, which is the heavenly world. According to Rumi, the nature of architecture is beyond the material, and it is God-centered contemplation that turns the architecture into magnificent buildings.

The Impact of 51 Risk Factors on Life Expectancy in Canada: Findings from a New Risk Prediction Model Based on Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study

The aims of this study were (1) to develop a comprehensive risk-of-death and life expectancy (LE) model and (2) to provide data on the effects of multiple risk factors on LE. We used data for Canada from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. To create period life tables for males and females, we obtained age/sex-specific deaths rates for 270 diseases, population distributions for 51 risk factors, and relative risk functions for all disease-exposure pairs. We computed LE gains from eliminating each factor, LE values for different levels of exposure to each factor, and LE gains from simultaneous reductions in multiple risk factors at various ages. If all risk factors were eliminated, LE in Canada would increase by 6.26 years for males and 5.05 for females. The greatest benefit would come from eliminating smoking in males (2.45 years) and high blood pressure in females (1.42 years). For most risk factors, their dose-response relationships with LE were non-linear and depended on the presence of other factors. In individuals with high levels of risk, eliminating or reducing exposure to multiple factors could improve LE by several years, even at a relatively advanced age.

Regional trade and expansion planning (RTEP) model: Model for regional power sector integration in Africa

Regional power pools present a significant and potentially defining opportunity for African power systems to develop domestic energy resources, improve system reliability, and contribute to overall economic development. Hydropower is expected to play a significant role in many regional power pools in Africa. Feasible power transmission highways from Grand Inga in Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Grand Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia to other regions on the continent create the possibility of a pan-African electricity grid. However, in the medium and long-term, global climate change is expected to cause major variations in Africa's hydrological resources and it is not known how these changes may impact the value of regional power sector integration. This paper presents a model developed to study the value of different levels of regional integration in sub-Saharan Africa and how this value may change in the face of climate change. This work builds on previous studies by incorporating the ability to trade between different regional pools, co-optimization of generation and transmission, the ability to share reserves, and detailed simulation of the major hydro basins in Africa. Numerical results of the analysis will be presented in a parallel paper.

Decision optimization of emergency material support based on blockchain under major public health emergencies

The work intends to relieve the pressure on the urban medical system and reduce the cross-infection of personnel in major public health emergencies. On the premise of an in-depth analysis of the utility risk entropy algorithm model and prospect theory, the decision-making of major health emergencies is proposed. Firstly, the utility risk entropy algorithm model is optimized, and the main decision-making members are subjected to utility perception according to the perceived utility values of different levels of risk, and the weights of decision-making members are calculated and revised according to the results of utility clustering. Secondly, the prospect theory is optimized. Taking the zero as the reference point to calculate the prospect value, and taking the maximization of the comprehensive prospect value as the objective to optimize the model, the comprehensive prospect value of each scheme is calculated and sorted. Finally, the proposed scheme is tested, and the test results show that in the optimal decision-making time of the scheme, the optimal decision-making time is 0 every day. When the epidemic situation is in the first cycle, the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 2.69, and the reduction ratio of the optimal scheme decision-making loss is 63.96%. When the epidemic situation is in the second cycle, the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 0.65, and the reduction ratio of the optimal scheme decision-making loss is 94.44%. When the epidemic situation is in the third cycle, the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 0.22, and the reduction ratio of the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 89.39%. The proposed scheme can improve the processing efficiency of major health emergencies and reduce the risk of accidents.

GIS-Based Geological Hazard Mapping Using Statistical Analysis and Cell Assignment Method for Western Sichuan Region, China

Geological hazards pose severe threats to the natural ecological environment, which endanger human life, cause damage to the environment, and undermine social stability. Studying geological hazards is intended to minimize or reduce any potential losses or threats. Although geotechnical hazards present a complex problem, hazard mapping and zoning studies can improve predictions and reduce losses. Based on the principle of geological hazard zoning, this paper describes a GIS-based approach to regional mapping for geological hazards, including collapse, landslide, debris flow, and overall geological hazards. First, four main factors affecting the occurrence of geological hazards, namely, digital elevation model (DEM), soil property, vegetation type, and average annual rainfall, are determined for analysis. Afterward, the investigated region of western Sichuan province, China, is divided into cells using GIS. The factors are then valued and assigned to the cells for statistical analysis. According to the relationship between the development/occurrence of geological hazards and various influencing factors, the region is first zoned with different degrees of susceptibility. Moreover, the response degree values for different levels of susceptibility to different influencing factors are determined for each cell, and then the superposition values of response degree for each cell are calculated for different geological hazards. Finally, the mapping of each geological hazard is done based on the calculated superposition value ranges. The mapping result demonstrates that the proposed approach is efficient and practical for determining the hazard susceptibility of regional geological hazards in western Sichuan province. The conclusions of this study can provide valuable information regarding the prevention and management of similar disasters in a region.

The Prognostic Value of Different Levels of Cortisol and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Early Acute Pancreatitis

BackgroundAcute pancreatitis (AP) ranges in severity from mild to severe with high mortality. Severe AP, similar to other critical illnesses, is associated with changes in cortisol level. Early increase of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as an inflammatory marker could be an indicator of AP progression. We aimed to assess the level of cortisol and hs-CRP on initial diagnosis of AP and identify their prognostic value. MethodsThis case-control study included patients with AP and a control group of healthy subjects. Laboratory tests such as liver profile, kidney functions, blood picture, lactate dehydrogenase, blood glucose, and lipogram were evaluated, the severity of AP was determined, the duration of hospitalization, complications, and outcomes were identified, and the serum levels of cortisol and hs-CRP were assessed. ResultsThere were 90 patients with AP and 60 controls with a higher percent of females in both groups. Serum cortisol and hs-CRP were significantly higher in AP relative to controls and were higher in severe AP relative to mild AP. Significant positive correlation was present between high cortisol and severity of AP (r = 0.520 and p<0.001) and negatively with pancreatic necrosis (r= - 0.303 and p = 0.007) and morality (r= - 0.432, p = 0.005) while hs-CRP did not show significant correlation. ConclusionsDifferent levels of serum cortisol in early AP should be considered on initial diagnosis. High cortisol level was a good prognostic indicator for AP with low mortality. This could have further implications on the appropriate initiation of steroid therapy to prevent necrotizing pancreatitis and lower the mortality. Meanwhile, hs-CRP has a low prognostic value in early AP.

Chance-constrained optimization for integrated local energy systems operation considering correlated wind generation

Energy hubs, which integrate multiple energy vectors through converters, can enhance the value of Integrated Local Energy Systems (ILES) via increased flexibility and reduced costs. However, uncertain renewable energy and the non-convex, non-linear properties of energy flows complicate the modelling and operation of energy hub systems. This paper develops chance-constrained optimization methods for planning and operation of energy hub systems under uncertainty. The non-linear formulations of power and gas flows are relaxed by convexification methods, leading to a formulation of Second Order Cone Problem (SOCP), which can be efficiently solved to global optimality. The correlation between geographically close wind generators connected to the hub systems is modelled by establishing their relation using Gaussian copula. The proposed chance-constrained optimization is demonstrated on a six-hub system within a multi-vector energy distribution network with 7 electrical buses and 7 gas nodes. The value of different levels of system integration through the installation of energy hubs is investigated. The results show that by combining system integration via energy hubs with chance constrained operation, the proposed method can reduce operating costs and increase renewable energy yields, thereby benefitting hub system operators and customers with reduced energy infrastructure investment and energy costs.