Different Values Of Dimensions Research Articles

Patients' sense of medical gain on family doctor contracting services in China: scale development and preliminary validation

Background and aimThe system of family doctor contract services is a crucial component of China's primary healthcare system. Patients enrolled in family doctor contract services typically receive more comprehensive health services. However, it remains uncertain whether the family doctor contract services can fully meet the healthcare needs of patients. Despite extensive research on family doctor contract services, there has been relatively little investigation from the perspective of patients' sense of gain, and there are no specific tools available to measure patients' sense of gain in healthcare. Therefore, this study aims to develop a scale to measure patients' sense of gain in family doctor contract services.MethodsThis study enrolled 600 patients under family doctor contracts. It utilized a review of literature and Delphi expert consultation to form the concept of patients' sense of medical gain in the context of family doctor services, establish an item pool, screen items, and evaluate the scale's reliability and validity. Factor analysis assessed the scale's structural validity, while Cronbach's alpha coefficient evaluated its internal consistency. Test–retest reliability and split-half reliability were used to assess the scale's reliability.ResultsThe Patients' Sense of Medical Gain in the context of Family Doctor services(PSMG-FD) scale for assessing sense of medical gain among family doctor contract patients comprises 19 items, categorized into five factors: Medical convenience, continuity, reliability, humanistic care, and experience. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated satisfactory fit indices: χ2/df = 2.781, RMSEA = 0.077, RMR = 0.031, GFI = 0.875, NFI = 0.918, IFI = 0.946, TLI = 0.934, CFI = 0.945, and RFI = 0.901. The AVE values for different dimensions were 0.544, 0.739, 0.741, 0.755, and 0.654, all surpassing the threshold of 0.5. The CR values for each dimension were 0.820, 0.919, 0.919, 0.925, and 0.850, all exceeding 0.7, indicating satisfactory convergent validity. The interdimensional correlation coefficients were lower than the square roots of the corresponding AVEs, suggesting correlation among latent variables while maintaining sufficient discriminant validity. The PSMG-FD scale demonstrated good reliability and validity, with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.947, test–retest reliability of 0.955, and split-half reliability of 0.895.ConclusionThe scale exhibits good reliability and validity, making it a suitable instrument for evaluating sense of medical gain among family doctor contract patients in China.

Method for Constructing a Commutative Algebra of Hypercomplex Numbers

Until now, it was believed that, unlike real and complex numbers, the construction of a commutative algebra of quaternions or octonions with division over the field of real numbers is impossible in principle. No one questioned the existing theoretical assertion that quaternions, octonions, and other hypercomplex numbers cannot have the commutativity property. This article demonstrates the following for the first time: (1) the possibility of constructing a normed commutative algebra of quaternions and octonions with division over the field of real numbers; (2) the possibility of constructing a normed commutative algebra of six-dimensional and ten-dimensional hypercomplex numbers with division over the field of real numbers; (3) a method for constructing a normed commutative algebra of N-dimensional hypercomplex numbers with division over the field of real numbers for even values of N; and (4) the possibility of constructing a normed commutative algebra of other N-dimensional hypercomplex numbers with division over the field of real numbers. The article also shows that when using specific forms of representation of unit vectors, the product of vectors has the property of commutativity. Normed commutative algebras of N-dimensional hypercomplex numbers can be widely used to solve many topical scientific problems in the field of theoretical physics for modeling force fields with various types of symmetry, in cryptography for developing a number of new cryptographic programs using hypercomplex number algebras with different values of dimension, and in many other areas of fundamental and applied sciences.

Physical modeling of metamatereals on the basis of the flat spiral coil

In this work, the problems of physical modeling of metamaterials based on flat spiral coils with different geometric shapes were considered. The main parameters of the structures metamaterial modeling, methods of creation, as well as their unique properties are considered. As a result of physical modeling, structures were obtained that model the metamaterial with different values of dimensions and parameters. On the basis of the experimental data, the best variant of the geometric shape of the structure element was determined, based on the highest transmission coefficient.

A study on nursing workload measurement based on relative value

Objective To test the applicability of the relative value used to measure Chinese nurses′ workload, and measure part of single workload of nursing procedures. Methods Time, physical effort, mental effort and medical risk were used as the four dimensions to evaluate nurses′ workload. Based on these dimensions, a set of questionnaires covering 117 common nursing procedures were designed and 58 nurses form 58 hospitals were surveyed. Establishing three different regulation modals, of which the applicability and stability were evaluated through the good of fit. Results Median of the relative value of different dimensions was used to indicate the average level of the various nursing procedures′ workload. The results showed that the median of relative value between 100 to 199 accounted for the largest share, up to 88.89% of 104 items. The median of relative value between 200 to 299 accounted for 7.69%(9 items). The median of relative value between 0 to 99(3 items)and more than 300(1 item)accounted for a small proportion. The lowest point of workload was blood pressure measuring, having a relative value of 90(70, 100) while the PICC catheterization accounted for the highest point of workload, being 370(200, 500) Three kinds of modals were valid(Model Ⅰ, F=10 626.16, P<0.001; Model Ⅱ, F=17 108.22, P<0.001; Model Ⅲ: F=6 694.16, P<0.001), while the good of fit of these regulation modals was between 0.8 to 0.9. Time, physical effort, mental effort and iatrogenic risk were the key variables of nurses′ workload. Conclusions The applicability of the relative value to measure nurses′ workload is fairly satisfactory, and the relative value points based on multi-dimension will enjoy a promising future. Key words: Nursing care; Workload; Measurement; Relative value; Questionnaire survey

STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF VOIDED NORMAL AND HIGH STRENGTH REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS

The intent of this paper is to study the structural behavior of voided normal and high strength reinforced concrete two-way slabs. Voided slab is a hollow core slab which has an advantage of reducing self-weight by reducing concrete mass within the center zone of the slab section. The experimental program included testing of twelve simply supported slab specimens with dimensions of (1100 x 1100 x 100) mm, and they were subjected to vertical four patch loads. Many parameters were included, such as shape of voids (spherical and cubic), type of concrete strength (normal of 30 MPa strength and high of 60 MPa strength), and ratio of steel reinforcement (0.002, 0.0026). In addition, they have different values of dimension of void to slab thickness (D/H) ratio (0.5, 0.6 and 0.65). The experimental results showed that the use of voided slabs tends to save in self-weight up to 21.6%. The use of spherical voids in voided slabs is more effective than cubic voids due to cracking and ultimate loads capacity and the structural behavior. The use of voided slabs led to reducing the first cracking load in a range of 15%-62% and 5%-40% for high and normal strength, respectively. Also, using voided slabs tended to reduce the ultimate load capacity in a range of 8%-26% for balls and 9%-48% for cubes. Using high strength concrete in voided slabs led to reducing the crack width in a range of 18.2%-27.8% for voided slabs (65 mm ball shapes). Decreasing the size of voids led to reducing the deflection for the same stages of load in a range of 20%-35.7% for high strength voided slab (ρ= 0.20% ball shapes) specimens. Increasing the reinforcement ratio from 0.2% to 0.26% led to reducing the deflection in a range of 1.6%-35.9% for high strength voided slab (ball shapes D=60mm) specimens.

A Comparative Study on Adjustment between Obese and Non Obese Children

We conducted a study on adjustment between obese and non-obese children. We used Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) by A.K.P.Sinha and R.P.Singh and information schedule for collecting information regarding their physical activity, dietary patterns, lifestyle, etc. Results revealed that there has been a significant difference in the emotional, social and educational adjustment between obese and non-obese children. The mean value of different dimensions of adjustment of non-obese children is higher than obese children. The correlation value indicated a significant relationship between the scores of BMI and adjustment. Thus good health status, healthy diet, regular exercise, and physical activities have positive effects on adjustment of children. It may be concluded that healthy life style patterns may prevent obesity amongst children.

Les dimensions du narcissisme et de l’estime de soi comme prédicteurs de l’agression en lien avec la violence conjugale

Intimate partner violence is a major public health problem. Psychological characteristics associated with it, however, remain to be clarified. The present study examined the value of different dimensions of narcissism and self-esteem as predictors of aggression among male perpetrators of intimate partner violence. Forty-five males, court-referred to a service agency for treatment of intimate partner violence, were recruited. Multiple regression analysis revealed that vulnerable narcissism and self-esteem instability have better predictive power than the traditional dimensions of self-esteem level and grandiose narcissism. The implications of these findings for the evaluation and treatment of intimate partner violence are discussed.

Buoyancy Driven Natural Convection Flow in an Enclosure with Two Discrete Heating from below

Natural convection flow of air in a two-dimensional, rectangular enclosure with two discrete heating from below is studied numerically, using the stream function-vorticity formulation of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations. An implicit finite difference together with successive over relaxation (SOR) method is applied to solve the non-dimensional governing equations. Discrete heating is simulated by two heat sources on the bottom of the rectangular cavity and the different values of dimension less heat source height (H), is considered for this study. The Rayleigh number is varied from 10 3 to 10 7 , based on the cavity height. The numerical results are presented in the form of streamline and isotherm as well as the physical quantities, such as, the local and average rate of heat transfer in terms of the local and average Nusselt number respectively. Businessman

Differences on the school performance by gender, associated to the family functioning of upper media students

The connection between school performance and family work is widely known, as so as the differences on the performance of men and women. The aim of this study was to identify the value of different dimensions of family work on the school performance in 630 students, who answered the Family Work Scale for Schooling Adolescents from Carolina Sarmiento, Martha Vargas & Ricardo Diaz (2009). Women had a higher school performance (t = -3.053, p = .002). Correlations between dimensions of family work and school average were significant (r =.112 a r = .202). Instrumental communication predicted the general performance (β = .138, t = 3.502, p = .000) and the cohesion of women (β = .221, t = 3.918, p = .000). The results show the importance of considering the differences of gender on school performance and the need of look for complex explaining models.

Erratum to "Dominance-Based Multiobjective Simulated Annealing"

For original paper see Z. Tu et al., ibid., vol. 8, no.5, p.456-70, (2004). We have recently discovered an error in the programming of the stochastic genetic algorithm (StGA). The main program was written in C++ except for a subroutine which was coded in MATLAB. This particular subroutine was used to generate the NS number of stochastic children for a chromosome. The NS stochastic children were stored in an array S (NS x N), where N is the dimension of a function. The array S was called into the main program in the form of a vector s with entries being taken column-wise from S (i.e., s[(j - 1) x NS + i] = S[i][j]). In the implementation of the local selection, the vector was supposed to be converted back to S in exactly the reverse manner. But unfortunately the statement was mistakenly written as S[i][j] = s[(i - 1) x N + j]. This error causes a distortion in the variable arrangement such that a typical stochastic child tends to have segments of similar values for different dimensions. Incidentally, for most of the 20 test functions, which have also been used by other researchers in a previous publication, the global optimum is at a position where all variables are equal. As a result, the StGA exhibited a false accelerated convergence speed in a surprisingly consistent manner in all the test cases. After the correction of the above programming error, the StGA as presented in the paper exhibits very different performance and in many cases could not achieve as satisfactory results.

Physical dimension of fatigue correlated with disability change over time in patients with multiple sclerosis

To determine the value of fatigue in predicting the change in disability status in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), we realized a prospective population-based cohort study of 196 patients with clinically definite MS. In 2002, baseline data were collected on fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale), health-related quality of life (SF-36), and disability status (EDSS score). The EDSS scores were determined again at least three years later. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the predictive value of different dimensions of fatigue and other variables (depression and SF- 36) on the change in disability status. Of the 196 patients, 106 (54%) patients had an unchanged status or improvement and 90 (46%) showed a worsening of disability. After three years, with control for gender, age, and baseline disability status, a high baseline level of physical fatigue was associated with a worsening of disability status, whereas a low baseline level of physical fatigue was associated with the absence of worsening of the EDSS score. Other dimensions of fatigue, depression and SF-36 were not associated with a worsening of disability.A patient's perceived fatigue may be not only a clinically and psychosocially meaningful outcome but also a predictor of objective outcomes such as changes in disability status at three years.

On the evaluation of a certain class of Feynman diagrams in x-space: Sunrise-type topologies at any loop order

We review recently developed new powerful techniques to compute a class of Feynman diagrams at any loop order, known as sunrise-type diagrams. These sunrise-type topologies have many important applications in many different fields of physics and we believe it to be timely to discuss their evaluation from a unified point of view. The method is based on the analysis of the diagrams directly in configuration space which, in the case of the sunrise-type diagrams and diagrams related to them, leads to enormous simplifications as compared to the traditional evaluation of loops in momentum space. We present explicit formulae for their analytical evaluation for arbitrary mass configurations and arbitrary dimensions at any loop order. We discuss several limiting cases in their kinematical regimes which are e.g. relevant for applications in HQET and NRQCD. We completely solve the problem of renormalization using simple formulae for the counterterms within dimensional regularization. An important application is the computation of the multi-particle phase space in D-dimensional space–time which we discuss. We present some examples of their numerical evaluation in the general case of D-dimensional space–time as well as in integer dimensions D = D 0 for different values of dimensions including the most important practical cases D 0 = 2, 3, 4. Substantial simplifications occur for odd integer space–time dimensions where the final results can be expressed in closed form through elementary functions. We discuss the use of recurrence relations naturally emerging in configuration space for the calculation of special series of integrals of the sunrise topology. We finally report on results for the computation of an extension of the basic sunrise topology, namely the spectacle topology and the topology where an irreducible loop is added.

The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle and the facial pattern

The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle has been shown to be a valuable diagnostic criterion in the analysis of the facial pattern in orthodontic patients. It is not an anatomical entity, however, and in this study 150 patients have been classified with respect to the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle. An analysis of mean values for different dimensions of the face shows that a definite progression of mean values may be observed in practically all of the dimensions under study when facial patterns are segregated into different classes based on the magnitude of the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle. These progressions of mean values indicate that the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle is affected by vertical development of the alveolar process in the anterior portion of the denture, by the absolute length of the mandibular ramus, and by the inferosuperior placement of the glenoid fossa in the skull. It is furthermore shown that, statistically speaking, there is a direct relationship between the size of the gonial angle and the size of the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle. Where the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle is relatively small (i.e., less than 25 °), a more or less separate and distinct facial type is encountered, which has special connotations in esthetics and in prognosis for orthodontic treatment.