Value Relevance Research Articles

Exploring the Potential of Claude 3 Opus in Renal Pathological Diagnosis: Performance Evaluation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great promise in assisting medical diagnosis, but its application in renal pathology remains limited. We evaluated the performance of an advanced AI language model, Claude 3 Opus (Anthropic), in generating diagnostic descriptions for renal pathological images. We carefully curated a dataset of 100 representative renal pathological images from the Diagnostic Atlas of Renal Pathology (3rd edition). The image selection aimed to cover a wide spectrum of common renal diseases, ensuring a balanced and comprehensive dataset. Claude 3 Opus generated diagnostic descriptions for each image, which were scored by 2 pathologists on clinical relevance, accuracy, fluency, completeness, and overall value. Claude 3 Opus achieved a high mean score in language fluency (3.86) but lower scores in clinical relevance (1.75), accuracy (1.55), completeness (2.01), and overall value (1.75). Performance varied across disease types. Interrater agreement was substantial for relevance (κ=0.627) and overall value (κ=0.589) and moderate for accuracy (κ=0.485) and completeness (κ=0.458). Claude 3 Opus shows potential in generating fluent renal pathology descriptions but needs improvement in accuracy and clinical value. The AI's performance varied across disease types. Addressing the limitations of single-source data and incorporating comparative analyses with other AI approaches are essential steps for future research. Further optimization and validation are needed for clinical applications.

The Value Relevance of Accounting Information in Iraq

The paper tests the value relevance of accounting information extracted from financial statements of 15 Iraqi companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange (ISX) for period 2010–2020. The relationships among accounting information (measured as earnings, book value, and cash flows) and company value (measured as stock prices) have been analyzed via descriptive statistics, correlation and regression. It is found that all these relationships are positive and significant in different levels. Compared with book value, earnings have the highest influence on stock price, while cash flows have the lowest influence on stock price. This study participates in the understanding of value relevance of accounting information in ISX as an emerging market and presenting peer insights to enhance the financial reporting standards in this country and in other similar countries in Middle East region.

SWOT analysis as a tool for selecting text materials for the formation of English communicative competence of students of non-linguistic specialties

The study is devoted to the implementation of SWOT analysis as an auxiliary criterion for the selection of text material in the formation of English communicative competence for students of non-linguistic specialties. The article examines the concept of communicative competence, as a complex phenomenon of students’ availability of appropriate abilities and skills for high-quality foreign language communication. The main groups of criteria for the selection of text material have been outlined, including 1) subject-scientific ones; 2) linguistic stylistic; 3) methodological; 4) person-oriented. The concept of SWOT analysis has been summarized and the components of the matrix of this analysis have been analyzed, namely: the factors of positive influence of the internal environment are – Strengths, the negative factors – Weaknesses, and the factors of external influence are Opportunities, and the negative ones are Threats. The use of SWOT analysis, based on the classic qualitative criteria for text selection has been proposed as follows: Strengths – linguistic stylistic criteria of variety of types and genres and professionally oriented lexical units; Weaknesses – methodological criteria of authenticity, accessibility, adaptability, etc.; Opportunities – subject-scientific criteria of novelty, informational value and the presence of paralinguistic components; Threats are person-oriented criteria of relevance and practical value. An analysis of the English-language text has been carried out according to the proposed SWOT-analysis model and qualitative criteria for the selection of text material have been highlighted as well.

An empirical model of carbon-ion relative biological effectiveness based on the linear correlation between radiosensitivity to photons and carbon ions.

To develop an empirical model to predict carbon ion (C-ion) relative biological effectiveness (RBE). 

Approach. We used published cell survival data comprising 360 cell line/energy combinations to characterize the linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of cell radiosensitivity parameters describing the dose required to achieve a given survival level, e.g. 5% (D5%), which are linearly correlated between photon and C-ion radiations. Based on the LET response of the metrics D5% and D37%, we constructed a model containing four free parameters that predicts cells' linear quadratic model (LQM) survival curve parameters for C-ions, αCand βC, from the reference LQM parameters for photons, αXand βX, for a given C-ion LET value. We fit our model's free parameters to the training dataset and assessed its accuracy via leave-one out cross-validation. We further compared our model to the local effect model (LEM) and the microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) by comparing its predictions against published predictions made with those models for clinically relevant LET values in the range of 23-107 keV/μm. 

Main Results. Our model predicted C-ion RBE within ±7%-15% depending on cell line and dose which was comparable to LEM and MKM for the same conditions. 

Significance. Our model offers comparable accuracy to the LEM or MKM but requires fewer input parameters and is less computationally expensive and whose implementation is so simple we provide it coded into a spreadsheet. Thus, our model can serve as a pragmatic alternative to these mechanistic models in cases where cell-specific input parameters cannot be obtained, the models cannot be implemented, or for which their computational efficiency is paramount.

Value relevance of cost of environmental damage

Purpose This paper aims to assess whether environmental (carbon) damage costs affect firm value and ownership. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses fixed-effects panel models and difference-in-differences design to tease out essential effects based on 69,352 sampled firm-year observations from 2004 to 2022. It uses Trucost data on the dollar cost of environmental damage at the firm level. Findings Using proprietary environmental damage costs data on US firms from Trucost, this paper finds that firm value is negatively associated with environmental (carbon) damage costs, with additional tests suggesting that the association is causal. Institutional investors increase their relative holdings following environmental shocks that reveal financial benefits to internalizing or reducing these costs. Originality/value Knowing the significance of the cost of environmental damage at the firm level is important for corporate managers, regulators and investors’ decision-making. However, this has yet to be researched. This paper contributes to the understanding of financial economics.

Value relevance of bank credit risk disclosure: “interventionist” and “non-interventionist” supervisory regimes

Value relevance of bank credit risk disclosure: “interventionist” and “non-interventionist” supervisory regimes

Analisis Strategi Sukses Model Bisnis Startup E-Commerce di Era Digital Menggunakan Metode Value Proposition Design

In the digital age, e-commerce startups are racing to achieve success. However, behind sophisticated technology, the key to success lies in understanding and meeting customer needs. Value Proposition Design (VPD) emerges as an effective strategy for designing customer-centric business models. This study aims to examine the role of VPD in building successful e-commerce startup business models in the digital era. Using a qualitative approach and case studies, this research analyzes the experiences and strategies of several successful e-commerce startups in Indonesia that have implemented VPD. The findings indicate that VPD helps startups identify customer needs, design relevant value propositions, and build sustainable competitive advantages. Moreover, the study reveals the challenges and opportunities faced in implementing VPD in a constantly evolving environment. In conclusion, VPD is a crucial strategy that can enhance the competitiveness of e-commerce startups in the digital age. This research provides recommendations for entrepreneurs to understand and consistently implement VPD.

Echoes of Ubuntu Capacity in The Realization of Child Rights Through Ujamaa Intersections – A Case of a Parasocial Work Model in Tanzania

Child rights abuse has become a serious global concern in the 21st century as it has been reflected in the global agenda of SDGs. Tanzania like other developing countries experienced significant child rights abuse in the 1990s due to the influx of the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) which was highly influenced by the HIV and AIDS pandemic, poverty, urbanization, etc. OVC was exposed to the high risk of being deprived of their rights following the failure of the formal systems and the shortage of childcare workforce that necessitated the government to involve the key child welfare stakeholders to revitalize and capacitate among the Ujamaa Intersections Models (UIM) under Ubuntu philosophy. Ultimate the country successfully designed an Indigenous cadre of para-social work (PSW) that advocated for and addressed the multiple rights of vulnerable children from 2007. Initiation and operation of PSW are embedded in the Ujamaa sections from side to side with social work and Ubuntu competence, this combination capacitated existing Ujamaa Intersections in the community such as family, extended families, neighborhood, local leadership, ecology, spirituality, and wider attributes in realizing child rights. The relevance of Ubuntu values and social work enabled para-social workers to identify the special needs of vulnerable children, increase community child protection awareness, create alarm systems for abused children, and sometimes link them to temporary self-shelters or social welfare services, etc. Despite the challenges, PSW succeeded in advocating for children's rights and improved the quality of life of children and their families. PSW has rendered evidence based on how the Indigenous models can offer relevant and sustainable solutions in addressing the rights of vulnerable populations in the community. Over time, several African countries adopted the PSW model and the model calls for child rights stakeholders and global decision-makers to revisit and relearn the capacity of the PSW model in the realization of SDG including protecting children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking, and violence. Also, it has relevant sustainable opportunities that ensure children attain inclusive and equitable quality social welfare services.

The Structural, Elastic, and thermodynamic properties of Sr2P7Br Double Zintl salt with heptaphosphanortricyclane configuration

We investigated the effects of externally applied pressure on the Sr2P7Br compound’s properties, specifically its crystalline structure, elasticity, and thermodynamics. This investigation was carried out using the pseudopotential plane wave method within the framework of density functional theory. We used the well-known PBEsol variant of the exchange–correlation general gradient approximation specifically designed for solid-state analysis. This is the first endeavor to investigate the effects of pressure on the Sr2P7Br material using a theoretical approach. The computed equilibrium structural parameters closely match the relevant experimental counterpart values. The determined elastic constants, obtained under both ambient pressure and hydrostatic pressures up to 18 GPa, satisfy the mechanical stability requirements. Based on the computed Pugh’s ratio, Cauchy pressure, and Poisson’s ratio, it can be concluded that the Sr2P7Br compound exhibits ductile behavior. The polycrystalline elastic moduli, including the isotropic bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio, at ambient pressure and under pressure effects, were derived from the single-crystal elastic constants. Additionally, associated parameters, such as average sound velocity, Debye temperature, minimum thermal conductivity, and Vickers hardness, were examined under pressure influences. The quasi-harmonic Debye approximation was used to investigate the relationship between temperature and some macroscopic physical parameters, such as lattice parameter, bulk modulus, Debye temperature, volume thermal expansion coefficient, and isobaric and isochoric heat capacities, at fixed pressures of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 GPa. The results derived from the elastic constants exhibit substantial concordance with those computed using the Debye quasi-harmonic model, thereby validating the reliability of our findings.

Verification of electromagnetic simulation capabilities in global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code GTS

Recently, the numerical scheme presented by Mishchenko et al. [Phys. Plasmas 21, 052113 (2014); 21, 092110 (2014)] enabled explicit gyrokinetic simulations of low-frequency electromagnetic instabilities in tokamaks at experimentally relevant values of plasma β. This scheme resolved the long-standing cancellation problem that previously hindered gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code simulations of magnetohydrodynamic phenomena with inherently small parallel electric fields. Moreover, the scheme did not employ approximations that eliminate critical tearing-type instabilities. Here, we report on the implementation of this numerical scheme in the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code GTS. This implementation allows for a more complete and accurate picture of interaction between small scale turbulence and MHD modes in tokamaks. Additionally, we present a comprehensive set of verification simulations of numerous electromagnetic instabilities relevant to present-day tokamaks. These simulations encompass the kinetic ballooning mode, the internal kink mode, the tearing mode, the micro-tearing mode, and the toroidal Alfven eigenmode destabilized by energetic ions, which are all instrumental in understanding tokamak physics. We will also showcase the preliminary nonlinear simulations of kinetic ballooning instabilities and (2,1) island formation due to tearing mode instability. These simulations validate the accuracy of the scheme implementation and pave the way for studying how these instabilities affect plasma confinement and performance.

Cardiorespiratory and circadian clock markers in intensive care unit patients.

Biological synchronized rhythmicity is a critical physiological process. The lack of synchronized rhythms, mainly those showing a circadian basis, like sleep, the heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (BP), often leads to several organic challenges, usually associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the intensive care unit (ICU) environment favors clock genes and cardiorespiratory changes. A total of 22 critically ill patients (16 males; 72.73%) with a mean age of 60.82 ±20.07 years and well-established cardiovascular conditions were selected from ICU. Blood samples were obtained, and total RNA was isolated and reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA). A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to assess the target gene expression levels. The urinary concentration levels of melatonin (MEL) were assessed. The heart rate, BP (systolic - SBP, diastolic - DBP and mean - MBP) and the oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels were assessed as continuous variables. The urinary MEL and Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) levels were shown to have a non-linear relationship with HR (coefficient (coef): 2.318, p = 0.032; coef: 2.722, p = 0.006, respectively) and SBP (coef: 1.000, p = 0.008; coef: 2.000, p = 0.037, respectively), with an explanatory power of up to 50.3% and 39.7% of the HR and SBP variability, respectively. Melatonin, but not BMAL1, was also shown to have a non-linear relationship with MBP (coef: 1.000, p = 0.007), with an explanatory power of up to 31.3% regarding the MBP variability. The HR and SBP oscillatory dynamics was shown to be related to changes in the genetic expression of BMAL1 and the urinary MEL concentrations. To a lower degree, MEL also impacted the variation of MBP. Our results suggest that not only are circadian functional matrices crucial for the dynamics of vital parameters in critically ill patients, but also that routinely assessed cardiovascular parameters like HR and BP may constitute important markers for the circadian timing system function. These parameters are easy to assess and have a relevant prognostic value regarding recovery outcomes, as well as the morbidity and mortality rates in ICU.

Exploring value relevance of EVA over different stages of business lifecycle

Purpose This study aims to determine whether the financial ecosystem is reliable for evaluating a company’s financial performance at various lifecycle stages or whether value-based performance metrics like Economic Value Added (EVA) are the most comprehensive indicators regardless of the company’s lifecycle stage. The evaluation will analyse the importance of value-based and accounting performance benchmarks (EVA, Return on Capital Employed, Return on Equity and Earnings per Share) in creating shareholder value, as measured by market value added, throughout the company’s lifecycle. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a robust empirical analysis of 228 Indian firms listed on the National Stock Exchange Nifty 500 Index from 2006 to 2023. By considering firms of different sizes and ages, the authors aim to capture and analyse any distinct impact across various stages of their lifecycles. Using quantile regression for analysis equips the authors to effectively address extreme events such as the 2008 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, making the method particularly suitable for conditionally distributed samples based on size and age. Findings The research reveals that various performance indicators are crucial at different stages of a company’s lifecycle for generating wealth for shareholders. However, considering the significance of the EVA measure, it is recommended that policymakers standardize the calculation of EVA and mandate its disclosure. Originality/value The authors comprehensively analysed the economic value addition relative to a company’s size and age, going beyond previous studies that focused solely on specific size categories. This offers managers valuable insights into aligning business performance measures with the various stages of the business lifecycle.

Islamic Educational Values in the Verses of the Song “Mars Nahdlatul Wathan” by TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid from Lombok

This research aims to analyze the Islamic educational values embedded in the verses of the song "Mars Nahdlatul Wathan" written by TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid. This study employs a literature analysis method to comprehend the meaning and messages conveyed in the song lyrics and to identify the Islamic educational values reflected in its verses. The research findings indicate that "Mars Nahdlatul Wathan" contains several highly relevant Islamic educational values. Firstly, the song emphasizes the importance of unity, solidarity, and harmony in society, values that are greatly emphasized in Islam. Secondly, the song encourages the preservation and love for the nation and homeland, in accordance with Islamic teachings on patriotism. Thirdly, it underscores the significance of education and knowledge enhancement as a means to advance society, aligning with Islamic teachings on the importance of knowledge and education. Lastly, the song calls for striving for the welfare of society, reflecting the values of jihad in Islam, not only in a physical sense but also in the sense of working for the common good. Thus, this research concludes that "Mars Nahdlatul Wathan" by TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid contains several Islamic educational values that can serve as a guide for the community in understanding and practicing Islamic teachings in daily life and in building a better society.

Methodological considerations in calculating the minimal clinically important change score for the core outcome measures index (COMI): insights from a large single-centre spine surgery registry.

The Minimal Clinically Important Change (MCIC) is used in conjunction with Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) to determine the clinical relevance of changes in health status. MCIC measures a change within the same person or group over time. This study aims to evaluate the variability in computing MCIC for the Core Outcome Measure Index (COMI) using different methods. Data from a spine centre in Switzerland were used to evaluate variations in MCIC for the COMI score. Distribution-based and anchor-based methods (predictive and nonpredictive) were applied. Bayesian bootstrap estimated confidence intervals. From 27,003 cases, 9821 met the inclusion criteria. Distribution-based methods yielded MCIC values from 0.4 to 1.4. Anchor-based methods showed more variability, with MCIC values from 1.5 to 4.9. Predictive anchor-based methods also provided variable MCIC values for improvement (0.3-2.4), with high sensitivity and specificity. MCIC calculation methods produce varying values, emphasizing careful method selection. Distribution-based methods likely measure minimal detectable change, while non-predictive anchor-based methods can yield high MCIC values due to group averaging. Predictive anchor-based methods offer more stable and clinically relevant MCIC values for improvement but are affected by prevalence and reliability corrections.

Value Relevance of Accrual Information in Public Sector: Facts from Practices

ABSTRACT Accrual accounting plays a crucial role in the public sector as it enhances the efficiency of asset utilization. However, much of existing research focuses more on the theoretical ideals rather than the practical realities of its implementation. This research aims to bridge this gap by examining the practical evidence to assess the value relevance of accrual information within the public sector. The findings of this research reveal that managers and public officials in Indonesia consider information relevant when it is simple, easy to understand, and frequently utilized. This research demonstrates that accrual accounting practices in Indonesia predominantly exhibit mimetic behavior.

Perancangan Aplikasi Sistem Absensi Guru Dan Karyawan Berbasis Web Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

The development of information technology is quite extensive and global and has had a changing impact on all aspects ofhuman life. In the field of education, information technology is very necessary in order to support the performance ofeducation so that it can be useful in building an intelligent and competitive generation, one of which is at Global PersadaVocational School. Based on observations, Global Persada Vocational School does not yet have a teacher and employeeattendance system for processing teacher absence data. The obstacles that are often encountered in manual processing ofabsentee data are that it is very slow, ineffective, and makes it difficult for school principals to manage and check data onteachers who are present, and is even prone to losing absenteeism recap data. The aim of this research is to design andbuild a Web-based attendance system for processing teacher and employee attendance data for Global PersadaVocational School to make it easier to process teacher and employee attendance data. In building the teacher andemployee attendance system, the author used the SDLC method with the Waterfall model in designing the system andproduced a system with a simple interface that can help present accurate and relevant value data processing information.

External Corporate Governance and Corporate Misconduct: A Meta‐Analysis

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueExternal governance parties deter corporate misconduct through their monitoring. External monitoring increases the probability of corporate misconduct being detected and sanctioned. Current research on the relationship between external governance and corporate misconduct remains fragmented across these detection and sanction mechanisms of deterrence. This separation of mechanisms leaves us with an incomplete concept of external monitoring and obscures our understanding of what facilitates monitoring by investors, auditors, analysts, and the media.Research Findings/InsightsWe integrate the detection and sanction mechanisms of deterrence into a process model of external monitoring. Our meta‐analysis of 188 studies from 14 countries covering the period from 1970 to 2019 identifies proximity, credibility, and attention as common underlying factors that facilitate monitoring by external governance parties. Proximity is of particular relevance in deterring corporate misconduct. Ethical relativism weakens external governance parties' role in deterring corporate misconduct.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsParties outside firm boundaries affect public perception of firms, thereby possessing a unique influence on corporate governance. We integrate this form of influence into the concept of external monitoring. Our meta‐analytic synthesis suggests a fundamental role for external governance in preventing corporate misconduct and informs on the relevance of societal values for corporate governance and corporate misconduct.

Key genes and pathways in the molecular landscape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A bioinformatics and machine learning study

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is recognized for its aggressive nature, dismal prognosis, and a notably low five-year survival rate, underscoring the critical need for early detection methods and more effective therapeutic approaches. This research rigorously investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying PDAC, with a focus on the identification of pivotal genes and pathways that may hold therapeutic relevance and prognostic value. Through the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the examination of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the study uncovers key hub genes such as CDK1, KIF11, and BUB1, demonstrating their substantial role in the pathogenesis of PDAC. Notably, the dysregulation of these genes is consistent across a spectrum of cancers, positing them as potential targets for wide-ranging cancer therapeutics. This study also brings to the fore significant genes encoding intrinsically disordered proteins, in particular GPRC5A and KRT7, unveiling promising new pathways for therapeutic intervention. Advanced machine learning techniques were harnessed to classify PDAC patients with high accuracy, utilizing the key genetic markers as a dataset. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) model leveraged the hub genes to achieve a sensitivity of 91 % and a specificity of 85 %, while the RandomForest model notched a sensitivity of 91 % and specificity of 92.5 %. Crucially, when the identified genes were cross-referenced with TCGA-PAAD clinical datasets, a tangible correlation with patient survival rates was discovered, reinforcing the potential of these genes as prognostic biomarkers and their viability as targets for therapeutic intervention. This study's findings serve as a potent testament to the value of molecular analysis in enhancing the understanding of PDAC and in advancing the pursuit for more effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.

A Climatology of the Comprehensive Climate Index and Input Values for Türkiye, 1985–2014

Spatial and temporal variations and trends in the Comprehensive Climate Index (CCI) and relevant input values are presented and discussed for fifteen locations across Türkiye. Environmental conditions that are stressful to livestock are captured in the CCI model metrics, which are determined using input of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation data. The period from 1985 to 2014 is used to characterize the climatology of CCI across Türkiye. Given its midlatitude location, pronounced seasonality exists in the individual input values and in CCI index values. Differences across Türkiye in CCI are strongly influenced by elevation and moderated for coastal locations. Warming temperature trends and declining levels of humidity combine to create a pattern where CCI has increased at some locations and declined at other places since 1985.

Analisis Penerapan Penyajian Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan SAK ETAP Guna Meningkatkan Nilai Relevansi

It is very important for companies to present financial reports in order to increase the relevance value of a company. Researchers conducted research on CV. Agung Jaya. This research aims to find out how to analyze the presentation of company financial reports in accordance with SAK ETAP in order to increase relevance value. This research uses quantitative descriptive. The data sources used were obtained through documentation and interviews. The analysis techniques used are making reports on the cost of production, making profit and loss, making reports on changes in equity, financial position reports, cash flow reports and notes to financial reports. The results of this research are CV. Agung Jaya has not fully prepared financial reports in accordance with SAK ETAP. The recording carried out is not completely efficient and effective. This discrepancy is why researchers present financial reports in accordance with SAK ETAP consisting of profit and loss reports, capital changes reports, financial position reports, cash flow reports, and notes to financial reports. Having financial reports that comply with SAK ETAP can increase the relevance value, making it easier for users of financial reports to provide company information which will result in no wrong decision making.