Value Problem Research Articles

On the linearized Eringen–Cattaneo–Christov–Straughan model: Some qualitative properties of solutions

AbstractIn this paper the Eringen–Cattaneo–Christov–Straughan linearized model is investigated, studying for it in particular: (i) the well‐posedness in Hadamard's sense of the related initial‐boundary value problem, by resorting to the semigroup theory; and (ii) the type of decay the solutions are subject to. This study contributes to strengthening the theoretical basis of a recent model capable of describing thermoporoacoustic phenomena.

FEM Analysis on Isotropic Consolidation of Unsaturated Soils Using Ceramic Disks and Microporous Membrane Filters for Suction Control

Abstract Microporous membrane (MM) filters with a significantly thin thickness have recently been used as an alternative to ceramic disks for matric suction control in the axis-translation technique for element tests on unsaturated soils. Although researchers have highlighted some discrepancies in test results when ceramic disks and MM filters are used, the mechanism leading to these discrepancies has not yet been clarified. In this study, suction-controlled triaxial tests were first conducted on unsaturated completely decomposed granite using two filters. Then, it is natural to believe that the different thicknesses of ceramic disk and MM filters may significantly influence the suction equilibrium process of specimens. To clarify this issue, soil-water-air coupled finite element modeling was performed to simulate the consolidation process in triaxial tests as an initial/boundary value problem. In the numerical calculation, the influence of the void ratio on the water retention curve (WRC) of soil was properly considered by adopting a deformation-dependent WRC model. In particular, the ceramic disk and MM filter, along with the specimens, were modeled, and their differences in thickness were considered. The calculated results show that a nonuniform distribution of suction occurred in the ceramic disk, leading to greater drainage discharge of the specimens. In other words, the influence of the thickness difference between the MM filter and ceramic disk cannot be neglected. However, regardless of whether ceramic discs or MM filters are used, the uneven distribution of the state variables in the specimens may occur in the triaxial tests for unsaturated soils, which emphasizes the importance of assessing the soil tests using the present axis-translation technique as initial/boundary value problems.

Approximation‐based implicit integration algorithm for the Simo‐Miehe model of finite‐strain inelasticity

AbstractWe propose a simple, efficient, and reliable procedure for implicit time stepping, regarding a special case of the viscoplasticity model proposed by Simo and Miehe (1992). The kinematics of this popular model is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor, allowing for a combination of Newtonian viscosity and arbitrary isotropic hyperelasticity. The algorithm is based on approximation of precomputed solutions. Both Lagrangian and Eulerian versions of the algorithm with equivalent properties are available. The proposed numerical scheme is non‐iterative, unconditionally stable, and first order accurate. Moreover, the integration algorithm strictly preserves the inelastic incompressibility constraint, symmetry, positive definiteness, and w‐invariance. The accuracy of stress calculations is verified in a series of numerical tests, including non‐proportional loading and large strain increments. In terms of stress calculation accuracy, the proposed algorithm is equivalent to the implicit Euler method with strict inelastic incompressibility. The algorithm is implemented into MSC.MARC and a demonstration initial‐boundary value problem is solved.

Relation Between Personal Value and Need Satisfaction: Theoretical Review

The problem of values ​​is eternally relevant, has a long history of study and is of a pronounced interdisciplinary nature. This means that values ​​are not the subject of a purely psychological analysis, but without psychology there cannot be a comprehensive study of the values ​​that belong to both society and a specific individual at the same time. A broad introduction of the concept of value into the psychological lexicon and research practice naturally leads to a certain rethinking of many psychological terms and, above all, such fundamental categories as the psyche, consciousness, personality, activity, needs, meanings, emotions, etc. In real life and in the entire psyche there is nothing that does not have some value. The issue of criteria and diversity of value has been and remains hotly debated. Therefore, at the moment, the psychology of personal values ​​is an actively developing area of ​​scientific research and it is undoubtedly waiting for its researchers. This is one of the obvious ways to humanize scientific ideas about the living human psyche. Keywords: value system, need satisfaction, human actions, need hierarchy

Simultaneous uniqueness for the diffusion coefficient and initial value identification in a time-fractional diffusion equation

This article investigates the uniqueness of simultaneously determining the diffusion coefficient and initial value in a time-fractional diffusion equation with derivative order α∈(0,1). By additional boundary measurements and a priori assumption on the diffusion coefficient, the uniqueness of the eigenvalues and an associated integral equation for the diffusion coefficient are firstly established. The proof is based on the Laplace transform and the expansion of eigenfunctions for the solution to the initial value/boundary value problem. Furthermore, by using these two results, the simultaneous uniqueness in determining the diffusion coefficient and initial value is demonstrated from the Liouville transform and Gelfand–Levitan theory. The result shows that the uniqueness in simultaneous identification can be achieved, provided the initial values non-orthogonality to the eigenfunction of differential operators, which incorporates only one diffusion coefficient rather than scenarios involving two diffusion coefficients.

Flujos del agua en la cuenca del río Vilcanota (Cusco, Perú): Un enfoque del valor desde la economía ecológica

En la última década, la subcuenca del río Vilcanota (Cusco, Perú) ha mostrado una alta vulnerabilidad hídrica debido al cambio climático y a las presiones antrópicas propias del modelo económico. En un contexto de crisis pandémica y ecológica, abordar la complejidad del valor del agua se hace pertinente a fin de superar el uso exclusivo de mecanismos para calcular el valor monetario o sostener una gobernanza ambiental basada en el análisis costo-beneficio. El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar las tasas de consumo de agua en la subcuenca del río Vilcanota para integrar la gestión con una visión desde la economía ecológica. Para ello se analizaron los factores dinámicos, impactos y respuestas de la gobernanza hídrica, y se abordó el problema del valor mediante el análisis de los flujos hidrológicos con el enfoque de la economía ecológica. Se encontró un alto consumo del sector hogares (urbano: 265151,71 m3/h, rural: 163087,50 m3/h), principalmente debido a la expansión urbana, cambio de uso de suelo y otras problemáticas locales sobre una zona principalmente agrícola, donde se hace necesario un análisis del metabolismo social en la subcuenca del río Vilcanota y la inclusión de la gestión de la complejidad en la política pública ambiental.

Condition Report

Abstract This introductory essay approaches the problem of form as a problem of value and, more precisely, of the aesthetics of valuation. Building on the scene of exchange outlined by Denise Ferreira da Silva's “modern ethical scene of value,” the essay approaches Hannah Palmer's installation Ghost Pools, which marks the location of two segregated pools in East Point, Georgia, reinterred in the early 1980s, by refusing to compare or equate them, and attending instead to their repressed informalities. Avoiding the equation of value that sustains most formalist readings, this essay instead “reads for informality.”

On convergence of a three‐layer semi‐discrete scheme for the non‐linear dynamic string equation of Kirchhoff‐type with time‐dependent coefficients

AbstractThis paper considers the Cauchy problem for the non‐linear dynamic string equation of Kirchhoff‐type with time‐varying coefficients. The objective of this work is to develop a time‐domain discretization algorithm capable of approximating a solution to this initial‐boundary value problem. To this end, a symmetric three‐layer semi‐discrete scheme is employed with respect to the temporal variable, wherein the value of a non‐linear term is evaluated at the middle node point. This approach enables the numerical solutions per temporal step to be obtained by inverting the linear operators, yielding a system of second‐order linear ordinary differential equations. Local convergence of the proposed scheme is established, and it achieves quadratic convergence regarding the step size of the discretization of time on the local temporal interval. We have conducted several numerical experiments using the proposed algorithm for various test problems to validate its performance. It can be said that the obtained numerical results are in accordance with the theoretical findings.

On Lyapunov-type inequalities for five different types of higher order boundary value problems

On Lyapunov-type inequalities for five different types of higher order boundary value problems

Teacher Competence in Planning Affective Learning in Elementary Education

Students' values ​​and attitudes are related to the achievement of the affective domain in learning. Planning, implementing and evaluating learning is the job of a teacher/educator. As a learning planner, it is related to teacher competence in internalizing affective values ​​in the lesson planning process (RPP), which is the first step and guideline for implementing learning. As time goes by, the problem of values ​​that produce attitudes/actions has become an urgent matter to be resolved. Almost every day we are presented with news and direct incidents about students' bad behavior, even leading to criminal acts. So the aim of writing is to analyze teacher competence in planning affective learning at the basic education level. The method used is literature study, data is collected through text study and relevant research results. The research results show that teacher competence in planning affective learning is very important for creating affective learning in schools. These competencies include: 1) Mastering the characteristics of students from physical, moral, social, cultural, emotional and intellectual aspects, and 2) Developing a curriculum related to the subject or field of development taught, namely: a) Determining learning objectives by KKO, b) Developing types of affective material, c) Internalizing affective values ​​in learning experiences or learning method steps, and d) Selecting types of affective evaluation or assessment.

The expansion of artificial intelligence and the problem of values

The author analyzes relation between the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and the issue of values. In particular, he points out the difficulties associated with “agreeing on values” in an algorithm vs during a human interaction. The article highlights the obstacles of taking human values into account while designing complex algorithms, which result from the fact that the preferred values are inconsistent, contextual and therefore variable. The values depend on cultural conditions and individual differences as well. In addition, the sentimental values are also difficult to predict and take into account. All this makes it almost impossible to unambiguously define the values to be respected by the algorithm. Currently, an attempt is being made to include “emotional computing” into a design of artificial systems, which, according to many researchers, may turn out to be a breakthrough in the development of AI. There are already advanced attempts being made to model one of the aspects of emotional intelligence, which is to recognise other people’s emotional states based on the analysis of their facial expressions. According to the author, developments in the field of artificial emotional intelligence should rather worry than satisfy the users of the internet. They will contribute to greater control exercised by the institutions that use them, and consequently to further limitation of personal freedom of the individual users. The author suggests that the expansion of digital technology (contrary to the initial hopes) contributes to increased centralization of power and socio-economic inequalities. In the words of Norbert Wiener (1950), the development of digital technology contributes to “the human use of human beings”.

Luigi Pasinetti and the making of classical-Keynesian political economy

The paper is made up of two sections. The first contains some preliminary remarks to elaborate a classical-Keynesian system of political economy: closing the gap between Keynes and Sraffa, and the close connections existing between Ricardo, Sraffa and Keynes. The second section starts with a presentation of the social process of production, followed by considering the relationship between this process and the problems of value and distribution. Subsequently, the determination of output and employment in a monetary production economy is dealt with. Finally, the crucial importance of the Pasinetti transformation for linking classical and Keynesian elements of analysis is put to the fore. In the concluding remarks classical-Keynesian political economy is set into a wider context.

Balancing the Use of Behavioural Research and Design Science Research to Solve the Relevance Problem in Marketing Research

Contemporary marketing research has a value problem. Claims for the managerial impact of research appear in practically every research article. Nevertheless, managers in the field do not consider scientific outputs as relevant in helping them to address the multiple challenges that organizations face. Marketing typically conducts behavioural research, aiming to understand and explain real-world problems. Other disciplines, such as engineering, focus primarily on building solutions to solve practical problems. Such practice is often termed design science. This study proposes that marketing research should focus more on building solutions, hence calling for a better balance between behavioural and design research. An improved balance between these two paradigms in marketing should increase the value of academic research to practice. Four typical case studies are presented to illustrate key differences between design science and behavioural science.

Local well‐posedness of the higher‐order nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the half‐line: Single‐boundary condition case

AbstractWe establish local well‐posedness in the sense of Hadamard for a certain third‐order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a multiterm linear part and a general power nonlinearity, known as higher‐order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, formulated on the half‐line . We consider the scenario of associated coefficients such that only one boundary condition is required and hence assume a general nonhomogeneous boundary datum of Dirichlet type at . Our functional framework centers around fractional Sobolev spaces with respect to the spatial variable. We treat both high regularity () and low regularity () solutions: in the former setting, the relevant nonlinearity can be handled via the Banach algebra property; in the latter setting, however, this is no longer the case and, instead, delicate Strichartz estimates must be established. This task is especially challenging in the framework of nonhomogeneous initial‐boundary value problems, as it involves proving boundary‐type Strichartz estimates that are not common in the study of Cauchy (initial value) problems. The linear analysis, which forms the core of this work, crucially relies on a weak solution formulation defined through the novel solution formulae obtained via the Fokas method (also known as the unified transform) for the associated forced linear problem. In this connection, we note that the higher‐order Schrödinger equation comes with an increased level of difficulty due to the presence of more than one spatial derivatives in the linear part of the equation. This feature manifests itself via several complications throughout the analysis, including (i) analyticity issues related to complex square roots, which require careful treatment of branch cuts and deformations of integration contours; (ii) singularities that emerge upon changes of variables in the Fourier analysis arguments; and (iii) complicated oscillatory kernels in the weak solution formula for the linear initial‐boundary value problem, which require a subtle analysis of the dispersion in terms of the regularity of the boundary data. The present work provides a first, complete treatment via the Fokas method of a nonhomogeneous initial‐boundary value problem for a partial differential equation associated with a multiterm linear differential operator.

Grand Challenges in Visual Analytics Applications.

In the past two decades, research in visual analytics (VA) applications has made tremendous progress, not just in terms of scientific contributions, but also in real-world impact across wide-ranging domains including bioinformatics, urban analytics, and explainable AI. Despite these success stories, questions on the rigor and value of VA application research have emerged as a grand challenge. This article outlines a research and development agenda for making VA application research more rigorous and impactful. We first analyze the characteristics of VA application research and explain how they cause the rigor and value problem. Next, we propose a research ecosystem for improving scientific value, and rigor and outline an agenda with 12 open challenges spanning four areas, including foundation, methodology, application, and community. We encourage discussions, debates, and innovative efforts toward more rigorous and impactful VA research.

Od wychowania teatralnego do pedagogiki teatru (w kontekście teorii wychowania estetycznego Ireny Wojnar)

The main purpose of this paper is to determine and distinguish, in a sparing and, by necessity, brief manner, the ideas and statements of theatre education, and present facts and experiences (conceived as a change) providing grounds for building up the concept of theatre pedagogy. The paper is divided into three parts, presenting the synthetic assumptions of Professor Irena Wojnar’s Theory of Aesthetic Education by its field-determined specification, i.e. the concept of theatre education and proposal of a difficult synthesis of pedagogy and theatre, its sources and foundations, as well as cultural and pedagogical premises for its legitimacy. The issues addressed are grounded in the pedagogy of culture, yet at the same time stem from Professor Irena Wojnar’s Theory of Aesthetic Education, offering a clearly outlined general concept of education that focuses on the problem of value and its connections with human enrichment processes. Theatre education is construed here as the refinement of the imagination with regard to values carried by the art of theatre, through the educational situations it creates, and treating it as a specific form of self-education, self-creation or simply making it real. The analysis of multiple relationships and dependencies between values carried by theatre and human education (considering the context of contemporary culture) identifies the main points of interest for theatre pedagogy, at the same time setting the direction for research work. Although it would be hard to treat it as a separate sub-discipline at this stage of its development (perhaps only as an intellectual short-cut), it may undoubtedly serve as a certain interpretation guideline, an observation point, if not as much as a perspective for discussing theatre-related issues. In any case, while addressing the issue of the human being and theatre, in its educational context, and enhancing one’s personal potential, it covers an area of reflection not covered by other fields of theatre studies and research, as well as phenomena affecting and related to theatre.

Conceptual, Psychometric, Methodological and Value Problems in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Introduction to the Special Section, “A Critical Appraisal of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy”

There is a voluminous and expanding literature regarding ACT, from descriptions of its theory to its stated roots in relational frame theory, the particulars of its therapy techniques and exercises, favored metaphors, randomized controlled trials, to many self-help books for a wide variety of problems. The therapy is widely marketed through workshops and many self-help books. ACT is associated with its own journal and its own professional organization, the Association for Contextual Behavioral Science (ACBS). This literature is interpreted by ACT proponents as demonstrating the causal efficacy of ACT for a wide range of problems and, at times, even being superior to treatment as usual, which are often more traditional forms of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). This special section contains a series of 6 papers examining these claims. Correctly understanding and evaluating the claims of ACT proponents is warranted because these can have direct implications for treatment decisions by therapists attempting to deliver the most effective treatment for their clients' problems. The papers, individually and as a whole, urge considerable caution, particularly because much of its research has involved serious measurement problems, problematic research designs, and a unique and problematic conceptualization and perhaps the practice of values and ethics. These papers call for methodological improvements and a commitment to more traditional values associated with science so that ACT can be more fairly evaluated to accurately understand its assets and limitations.

Numerical modelling of thermal weakening of granite under dynamic loading

A numerical method to predict thermal weakening of granite rock under low- and moderate rate dynamic loading conditions is developed. Thermal weakening of granite under uniform heating, leading to degradation of the material stiffness and strength, is modelled with the continuum approach, using a damage-viscoplasticity model. The viscoplastic part is based on a special power law criterion for granite under compression and the rounded tensile cut-off surface, while the damage part is equipped with separate damage variables in tension and compression. The strain rate sensitivity of rock is accounted for by viscoplasticity. The global thermo-mechanical initial/boundary value problem is solved with an explicit (in time) staggered method with mass scaling applied to increase the critical time step. Rock heterogeneity is described as random clusters of linear tetrahedral finite elements assigned with the constituent mineral, here quartz, feldspar, and biotite, material properties. The temperature dependence of the thermal and elasticity properties of the minerals is included in the model up to 850 °C, i.e. well beyond the α-β transition of quartz. However, as the model aims to predict the thermal weakening, the temperature dependence of the rock strength is not used as an input. In the numerical examples, low-rate uniaxial tension and compression tests are first simulated on heated and intact rock samples to demonstrate the performance of the model. Finally, crushing of heat-treated and intact granite balls by diametral dynamic compression is numerically replicated with a fair accuracy.

The Value Problem in Education and the Role of Philosophical Pedagogy for Children in the Development of Ethical Abilities

İnsan için bir varlık koşulu olan eğitimin felsefi açıdan amacı, genç kuşakları insanca yaşamaya hazırlamaktır. Böylesi bir hazırlık, çocukların/gençlerin, olan bitenlere değer bilgisiyle bakabilmelerini, bağımsız düşünebilmelerini, doğru değerlendirmeler yapabilmelerini sağlamayı, etik değerlere uygun bir yaşam sürdürmelerine yardımcı olmayı içermektedir. Bu bağlamda eğitimden, çocukların etik yeteneklerini, yani kişisel olanaklarını değer bilgisiyle besleyerek geliştirebilmelerine, ileride kendileriyle barışık, sorumlu bir kişi olmalarına rehberlik etmesi beklenmektedir. Dolayısıyla etik disiplinin önemli kavramlarından olan değer ve değerler ile eğitim arasında sıkı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Nitekim eğitim bilimlerinde eğitim, öğrencilere bilgi, beceri kazandırmanın yanında değerler aktarma süreci olarak tanımlanmakta, müfredatta değerler eğitimine yer verilmektedir. Fakat değerler eğitimiyle ilgili çalışmaları, özellikle ülkemizdeki uygulamaları incelediğimizde, değer, değerler ve değer yargılarının sıklıkla birbirine karıştırıldığını, değerler adı altında değer yargılarının öğretildiğini, değerler eğitiminin felsefeden, etik değer bilgisinden kopuk bir şekilde ele alındığını görmekteyiz. Bu durum, çocukların/gençlerin değer bilgisi edinmelerini, etik yeteneklerinin gelişmesini güçleştirmektedir. Oysa değer bilgisi kazanmak, değerler eğitimini, değer ve değerler kavramlarının açık seçik bilgisinden hareketle felsefi temelde yürütmeyi gerektirmektedir. Çünkü kavramları bilgiyle temellendirmek, olan bitenleri düşündürmek, etik problemleri aydınlatmak felsefe eğitiminin işidir. Bu nedenle çocukların, değer koruyarak yaşamayı öğrenebilmeleri için değer yargılarına değil, etik değer ve değerlerin bilgisine dayanan felsefi bir eğitime ihtiyaçları vardır. Bu noktada Çocuklar İçin Felsefe, çocukların eleştirel bakış açısı edinme, değer yargılarını özgürce sorgulama, doğru değerlendirmeler yapma, değer koruyucu eylemde bulunma gibi felsefi düşünme becerisi gerektiren birtakım özellikleri kazanmaları, etik yeteneklerini geliştirebilmeleri bakımından önemli bir pedagoji olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, değer bilgisi kazanımı açısından değerler eğitimini felsefi temelde yürütmenin önemine dikkat çekilmekte, Çocuklar İçin Felsefe pedagojisinin etik yeteneklerin gelişimindeki rolü ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma, felsefi düşünme ediminin ve Çocuklar İçin Felsefe pedagojisinin etik boyutunu görünür kılmayı, çocuklarla yapılan felsefe eğitiminin değerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.

Science and the Problem of Values

Science and the Problem of Values