Value Of Ultrasound Examination Research Articles

Value of ultrasound examination using #enzian score in patients with deep endometriosis - a pilot test

Value of ultrasound examination using #enzian score in patients with deep endometriosis - a pilot test

Технические аспекты ультразвуковой диагностики варикоцеле и анализ европейских клинических рекомендаций.

Introduction. Varicocele is detected in 15% of healthy men, in 35% of men with primary infertility and in 80% of men with secondary infertility. The main non-invasive method to identify this pathology is ultrasound (US) with Doppler. Мaterials and methods. In this article, we reviewed and discussed the technical aspects of performing US diagnostics of varicocele, based on the clinical guidelines of the European Society for Urogenital Radiology. Results. The algorithm of US examination for the diagnosis of varicocele was analysed. It consists of 24 recommendations, which allows to increase the diagnostic value of US examination, as well as to reduce the frequency of diagnostic mistakes. Conclusions. US examination remains the most widely used imaging method of varicocele diagnostics. The described algorithm of this study may be useful for US diagnostics specialists.

Planning of methods of surgical correction of soft tissues of the face and neck

Objective. Role of ultrasound examination in planning surgical correction of age-related changes of the face and neck soft tissues.Methods. A prospective analysis of the study and treatment of 80 patients with involutive changes in the soft tissues of the face and neck who were carried out from 2018 to 2020 in the Mositalmed Clinic. The age of the patients ranged from 24 to 60 years. The mean age was 42 ± 6.89 years (± SE standard deviation mean). There were 67 female patients (83.7%), male patients – 13 (16.3%).Results. The diagnostic value of ultrasound examination in involutional changes in the soft tissues of the face and neck for determining the causes of contour deformities is noted.Conclusion. Ultrasound imaging in an upright position of the patient makes it possible to determine the degree of participation of each tissue in the formation of deformity, which is extremely important for planning various techniques for rejuvenating the face and neck.

Use of ultrasound examination in evaluation of the size and advancement of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors to the neighboring anatomical structures

The study objective is to establish the capabilities of ultrasound (US) examination in evaluation of the advancement of squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx compared to histological examination and other diagnostic methods.Materials and methods. US examination was performed in 86 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. The study included 14 (16.3 %) patients with stage I disease, 29 (33.7 %) patients with stage II, 19 (22.1 %) patients with stage III and 24 (27.9 %) patients with stage IV. Patients with primary tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx comprised 75.6 % of the study population, patients with recurrent tumors – 24.4 %. During diagnosis advancement of tumors to the anatomical structures in the laryngeal space and beyond was evaluated. In all cases histological verification of the diagnosis was performed. Comparison of the data on advancement of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors from different diagnostic methods with the results of histological examination depending on the T-category (TNM) was performed.Results. For small tumors (Т1), frequency of agreement between advancement of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors measured by US examination and histological examination was 66.7 %, by endoscopic laryngoscopy (ELS) – 80.0 %; for T2 tumors, results of US examination and ELS were identical, frequency of agreement with histological examination data was 87.2 % for both methods; for T3 tumors, US examination data agreed with histological examination data in 83.3 % of cases, ELS data – in 75.0 %; for T4 tumors, frequency of agreement between US examination and histological examination data was only 44.4 %, between ELS and histological examination – 66.7 %. Therefore, US examination was more accurate for evaluation of advancement of T2 and T3 tumors. Results of evaluation of advancement of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors by US examination, computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography were close, comparable and weren’t statistically different. For T1 and T2 tumors frequency of agreement between the results of histological examination and US examination data was higher than between the results of histological examination and computed tomography data.Conclusions. High accuracy and value of US examination in evaluation of advancement of primary and recurrent tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx were shown.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Acute Abdomen Clinical Diagnosis and Differential Value of Ultrasonography

Acute abdomen in obstetrics and gynecology is a common disease in clinical emergency, most of the patients have the characteristics of complex condition and rapid progress, and need to be treated through clinical diagnosis. There are many traditional diagnosis methods, but the accuracy is not ideal. Ultrasound is a widely used imaging technique in recent years, which has the characteristics of simple operation and high accuracy, so it is favored by doctors and patients in obstetrics and gynecology. In this study, 200 patients with acute abdomen in obstetrics and gynecology were selected, and the results of pathological examination were taken as the gold standard to evaluate the clinical value of ultrasound examination. As a result, the misdiagnosed ultrasound group was significantly lower after the diagnosis than in the normal group, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Therefore, the use of ultrasound imaging, the clinical diagnosis of acute abdominal diseases in gynecology and obstetrics achieves a clear diagnostic effect, improves the diagnostic accuracy of patients with acute abdominal disease in the clinical. It is very important for the development of targeted therapeutic programmes.

Images of Ultrasonography or Abdominal Computed Tomography Scanning in Cases of Malignant Kidney Tumors

Background: The malignant kidney tumor is a urinary tract tumor with the highest mortality and morbiditycompared to other urinary tract tumors. The role of USG radiology and CT scan is essential for diagnosingmalignant kidney tumors.Objective: To examine the diagnostic value of USG radiology and CT scan in diagnosing malignancy ofkidney tumor and its accuracy in assessing renal tumor operability.Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study using secondary data of radiologicalexamination including ultrasonography, CT scan and other postoperative results derived from medicalrecords. Data analysis was conducted descriptively.Results: The sensitivity score of USG, CT scan, and USG and CT scan was 60%, 82%, and 83% respectively.Sensitivity value of ultrasound examination was 60% and CT Scan was 82%. The incompatibility ofultrasound with pathology results was found in the case of hydronephrosis with the stone of 64%, stone of18%, cyst of 18 %, on CT Scan hydronephrosis with stone (83%) Pyelonephritis (17%). The incompatibilityof USG and CT Scan with operating results was 8%.Conclusion: Incompatibility of USG results with anatomic pathology results was found in cases ofhydronephrosis accompanied by stones, kidney stones, and benign lesions (cysts). Incompatibility of CTScan results with anatomic pathology results was found in cases of hydronephrosis accompanied by stoneand pyelonephritis.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The study objectiveis to evaluate the capacity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methods. We examined 34 patients with head and neck tumors (or suspected of having a tumor) using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging with sulfur hexafluoride.Results. Contrast enhancement of primary and recurrent tumors (developed within 3 months since the end of treatment) was characterized by rapid wash-in (including peak enhancement) and wash-out of contrast agent. However, recurrent tumors (developed within 3 months after treatment) demonstrated slightly slower wash-in than primary tumors. In patients with suspected relapse, which was not confirmed by histological examination, contrast agent accumulated only in the surrounding tissues and did not penetrate into the fibrous infiltrate; there were no wash-in and wash-out phases (although this did not exclude the presence of small tumors in the infiltrate). By contrast, tumors demonstrated rapid achievement of peak enhancement and fast wash-out. Laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal tumors accumulate and release contrast agent like any other oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Laryngeal cartilages have high echogenicity and don’t accumulate contrast agent. Tumor-altered vocal cords accumulate contrast agent, which significantly improves the visualization. Intact vocal cords appear as hyperechogenic symmetric structures on B-scans. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging allows better visualization of the vocal cords. Contrast-enhancement can significantly improve the diagnostic value of ultrasound examination of the larynx, especially when B-scanning is hindered by some anatomical features (such as large Adam’s apple) or ossification of laryngeal cartilages.Conclusion. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of the head and neck is a highly promising diagnostic tool, although it requires further evaluation. Improved visualization with contrast-enhancement increases the diagnostic value of the method for the differentiation between various tumors and fibrotic changes and detection of tumor spread to the laryngeal cartilages, which is important for surgical treatment and planning anticancer therapy.

The importance of ultrasound examination in early arthritis.

ObjectivesTo assess the importance of ultrasound (US) examination of joints in hands and feet in patients with early arthritis and perform comparative analysis of the diagnostic value of US examination for 8, 12 and 52 selected joints.Material and methods123 patients (87 women, 36 men) with arthritis lasting less than 12 months, naive to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and glucocorticosteroids. Necessary differential diagnostics was performed for each patient. After the preliminary analysis, 72 patients met the classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to ACR/EULAR of 2010, and undifferentiated arthritis (UA) was diagnosed in 51 patients. UA patients were followed up after 6 and 12 months, and verification of the initial diagnosis yielded the following groups of patients: patients meeting classification criteria for RA, patients with maintained diagnosis of UA, patients in remission, and patients with other diagnoses. Ultrasound examination was performed considering the volume of joint effusion (JE), synovial membrane hypertrophy (GS), and synovial membrane hyperaemia assessed by power Doppler (PD). Results were assessed using the semi-qualitative scale. Coefficients being the sum of US scores for the assessment of JE, GS and PD for 52 and 12 joints in hands and feet, and 8 joints in hands were determined for the purpose of the study.ResultsIn patients meeting classification criteria for RA during the initial assessment the US examination yielded significantly higher PD-52I, PD-12I and PD-8I coefficients. In UA patients who were diagnosed with RA after 12 months, the GS-8I coefficient was significantly higher.ConclusionsUltrasonography is a valuable tool in diagnostics of early arthritis. The GS assessment has prognostic value for UA patients. The assessment of 8 or 12 selected joints is often sufficient for the diagnostics of patients with early arthritis.

Унифицированный подход к лечению больных с проникающими колото-резаными ранениями брюшной полости

За період з 2010 до 2015 р., за даними МОЗ України, загальний показник смертності в Україні перебуває на рівні 14,5–16,3 ‰. При цьому, в 6 % всіх випадків смерті причиною були травми. Відкрита проникаюча травма живота залишається однією з основних причин летальних випадків. Втім, ножові поранення зустрічаються майже в три рази частіше, ніж вогнепальні [3]. В останні роки в світі переглянули підходи до ведення хворих із проникаючими пораненнями, схилившись у бік вибіркового застосування операційного і неопераційного методів лікування [2]. Значного поширення набув метод селективного неопераційного лікування хворих з проникаючими пораненнями черевної порожнини [4, 10, 14]. Суть даного методу полягає в тому, що, застосовуючи сучасні діагностичні методи, а також клінічний моніторинг стану хворого, в певних випадках можна обійтися без застосування лапаротомії. Дана методика дозволяє в 55 % випадків ножових поранень вести хворих, не вдаючись до операційного втручання, скоротити кількість непотрібних лапаротомій до 9–19 %, зменшити тривалість перебування хворих у стаціонарі до 3,9 дня порівняно з 6 при лапаротомії, а також знизити матеріальні витрати на лікування пацієнтів.При відборі хворих для неопераційного ведення краще орієнтуватися на дані загальноклінічних досліджень (загальна чутливість і специфічність серійного клінічного обстеження черевної порожнини становить 87,3 і 93,5 % відповідно) [10]. Доброю допомогою є дані комп’ютерної томографії, однак чутливість і специфічність даного методу коливається у різних авторів від 60 до 90 % [4, 9, 11, 13]. Діагностична цінність ультразвукового дослідження в перші години після отриманої травми становить всього 46 % [12], а оглядової рентгенографії – 2,6 % [7]. Застосування лапароскопії в діагностиці і лікуванні колото-різаних поранень черевної стінки є пріоритетним методом у разі стабільної гемодинаміки у хворих [8].

Optimization of Ultrasound Examination in Diagnosis of Knee Injuries

Comparative assessment of arthroscopic and ultrasound examination data were performed in 393 patients (400 knee joints). For the perfection of diagnosis quality a principle of “feedback” (cooperation) between examiners was used. Basing on the analysis of the achieved results the reasons for sonographic and ultrasound results (objective and subjective) incompatibility were determined and real diagnostic value of ultrasound examination was estimated for every intraarticular knee structure separately.

Optimization of Ultrasound Examination in Diagnosis of Knee Injuries

Comparative assessment of arthroscopic and ultrasound examination data were performed in 393 patients (400 knee joints). For the perfection of diagnosis quality a principle of “feedback” (cooperation) between examiners was used. Basing on the analysis of the achieved results the reasons for sonographic and ultrasound results (objective and subjective) incompatibility were determined and real diagnostic value of ultrasound examination was estimated for every intraarticular knee structure separately.

Clinical significance of prenatal diagnosis of macrosomia by ultrasound

Оbjective: Establish the diagnostic value of ultrasound examination in prenatal diagnosis of macrosomia among the women without diabetes and to determine its effect on birth outcomes. Мethods: This is a retrospective cohort study done at the Orenburg municipal perinatal center and maternity hospital № 2 since 2006 to 2012. In this study 3760 pregnant women were analyzed who delivered term, singleton, live born infants. The estimated fetal sonographic weight by the formula Hadlock’s was obtained within the last week prior to delivery. The study population was divided into 4 groups (true positive, true negative, false positive, false negative) according to the estimated fetal weight (EFW) and regarding the birth weight (BW). Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were generated to compare the prediction of macrosomia when using different observation methods. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were calculated. The mean value of two groups were compared using two sample t test and χ² test for comparison of proportions. Results: In order to assess the accuracy of the ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of macrosomia the study population was divided into 4 groups according to the estimated fetal weight (EFW) and regarding the birth weight (BW): true positive (n-147), false negative (n-229 ), false positive (n-353), true negative (n-3031). Results of the study showed no statistically significant differences between the birth weight and estimated fetal weifht by ultrasound alone only in the macrosomia group with true-positive results (p = 0.9). In applying the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic curve) performance analysis sensitivity and spesificity in the prediction of the macrosomia by ultrasound revealed the average predictive power of the method. Area under the curve (Area under ROC curve, AUC) made 0.7295 (95 % CI: 0.695-0.781), which corresponds to a predetermined average accuracy. The accuracy of macrosomia prediction by ultrasound methods was 90 %, sensitivity - 35 %, specificity - 93,5 %. Сesarian sections were performed for 40 % of the pregnant women, where fetal macrosomia was truly ruled in (true positive) and 16% of the women who delivered normal weight infants (true negative). Overestimation of fetal weight (false positive) has led to the 30 % rate of cesarean sections. Underestimation of fetal weight (false negative) has decreased to the 24% rate of cesarean sections but in this case perinatal complications have increased. Conclusion: Results showed an average accuracy in predicting macrosomia by the formula Hadlock’s. The results of the study have proved that the inappropriate prediction macrosomia of fetal weight has influence on the mode of delivery. Overestimation of fetal weight has led the proportion of cesarian sections. Underestimation of fetal macrosomia has increased perinatal complications.

The ultrasound diagnosis of fetal gastric teratoma

Objective The aim of the study was to discuss the value of ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of fetal gastric teratoma.

The diagnostic value of ultrasound examination in temporal arteritis

The diagnostic value of ultrasound examination in temporal arteritis

The diagnostic value of ultrasound examination in temporal arteritis

Introduction. Temporal arteritis (TA) is usually diagnosed according to clinical criteria, and temporal artery biopsy is considered as a golden standard for the diagnosis. Temporal artery biopsy is a surgical intervention on a head site and is not well-tolerated by the patients. As an alternative for temporal artery investigation, ultrasound examination may be used. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the performance of ultrasound examination of a temporal artery of patients with and without TA, but with similar clinical findings. Materials and results. Thirteen patients seen at Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos during 2006–2009 with suspicion of TA were included into this study, and ultrasound examination of their both right and left superficial temporal arteries was performed. Eight patients were diagnosed with TA according to clinical criteria, and 5 patients had headaches of another origin. Two patients had a biopsy-proven diagnosis. The thickened wall (“halo” sign) and / or stenosis / occlusion were found on ultrasound examination in three patients. The presence of abnormality was found in five patients from the setting of TA patients, and no abnormalities were detected in the control group. Although the groups were very small and the data scanty, we consider the sensitivity of the abnormalities detected by ultrasound to be 62.5%, and the specificity was close to 100% in this pilot study. Conclusions. Authors recommend bilateral ultrasound examination of temporal arteries for patients with suspicion of giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis). Our pilot study showed a sufficient sensitivity of this diagnostic test, although it greatly depends on the experience and skills of the performer. Keywords: temporal arteritis, ultrasound examination

Post‐thyroid FNA testing and treatment options: A synopsis of the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored the NCI Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) State of the Science Conference on October 22-23, 2007 in Bethesda, MD. The 2-day meeting was accompanied by a permanent informational Web site and several on-line discussion periods between May 1 and December 15, 2007 (http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov). This document addresses follow-up procedures and therapeutic options for suggested diagnostic categories. Follow-up options for "nondiagnostic" and "benign" thyroid aspirates are given. The value of ultrasound examination in the follow-up of "nondiagnostic" and "benign" thyroid aspirates is discussed. Ultrasound findings requiring reaspiration or surgical resection are described as are the timing and length of clinical and ultrasonographic surveillance for cytologically "benign" nodules. Options for surgical intervention are given for the diagnostic categories of "atypical/borderline," "follicular neoplasm," "suspicious for malignancy" and "malignant" (http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov/pages/info/agenda/).

Value of ultrasound examination in differential diagnosis of pancreatic lymphoma and pancreatic cancer

To investigate the value of clinical manifestations and ultrasound examination in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic lymphoma and pancreatic cancer. The clinical and ultrasonic characteristics of 12 cases of pancreatic lymphoma and 30 cases of pancreatic cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Statistically significant differences were found in the course of disease, back pain, jaundice, carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 increase, palpable abdominal lump, superficial lymph node enlargement, fever and night sweats, lesion size, bile duct expansion, pancreatic duct expansion, vascular involvement, retroperitoneal (below the renal vein level) lymph node enlargement, and intrahepatic metastasis between pancreatic lymphoma and pancreatic cancer. There were no significant differences in age of onset, gender ratio, weight loss, nausea and vomiting, lesion position, the echo of the lesion, and the blood flow of the lesion. Pancreatic lymphoma should be considered for patients with long lasting symptoms, superficial lymph node enlargement, palpable abdominal lump, fever and night sweats, relatively large lesions, and retroperitoneal (below the level of the renal vein) lymph node enlargement. A diagnosis of pancreatic cancer should be considered more likely in the patients with relatively short disease course, jaundice, back pain, CEA and CA19-9 increase, relatively small lesions, bile duct expansion, obvious pancreatic duct expansion, peripheral vascular wrapping and involvement, or intrahepatic metastases.

The value of ultrasound examination in the diagnosis and screening for congenital dislocation of the hip

In our study, the methods used for the diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip in the period of newborn and early infantile were investigated, compared with the other diagnostic methods of ultrasound technique, and the superiorities were discussed. The advantages and reliabilities that ultrasonography provide for the diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip were investigated. At first, 100 infants were examined clinically and pelvis anteroposterior radiograms were taken. Then, both hips were investigated under ultrasonography with Graf Method, the hips were measured for angle as to Graf method, and typed. As a result of investigation, in 200 hips of 100 cases, the proportion of type la, type Ib, and type Illa was found 91%. The rate of hips with dysplasia from type Ilb was found 9%. The hips evaluated pathologically were applied abduction splint treatment and followed

Early first trimester ultrasound examination. Is it really efficient in the clinical management of the pregnancy?

This is a retrospective study accomplished to determine the efficiency of the first trimester ultrasound examination especially when performed on elective conditions. The records of patients who had undergone early first trimester transvaginal ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University between from January 1999 to December 2000 were reviewed. The records of 426 patients were eligible for the analysis. The age, parity, gestational week that the ultrasound performed, the complaint on appliance, the features visible on the ultrasound were noted. The patients were divided into two groups: patients without any complaint (Group 1) and patients applied with any complaint (Group 2). The prognosis of the pregnancy was determined through the follow-up. On the statistical analysis, chi-square test, student-t test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were utilized. In group 1, 79% of examinations were normal whereas the rate of normal ultrasound was 50% in group 2. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p=0.000). On group 1, 7 subsequent abortions, 7 missed abortions and one case of mole hydatiform were identified (7.6%). When the patient applied with a complaint, ultrasound examination revealed abnormal findings that enabled to reach an accurate diagnosis in 29.9% of these patients. 50 abortions (inevitable or incomplete), 13 missed abortions, 3 ectopic pregnancies and 2 mole hydatiform were diagnosed. The difference between the two groups according to ability to reach a diagnosis on the initial ultrasound was statistically significant (p=0.000). The value of ultrasound examination before the 10th weeks of pregnancy is not validated when the patient has no complaint even if it appears as the most powerful mean to assess the accurate gestational age and observing fetal cardiac activity is the best prognostic variable for the outcome of the fetus.

Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in adults detected by ultrasound with frequent lack of portal hypertension signs.

Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPO) was seen in 54 adult patients at the Chiba University Hospital and affiliated hospitals from 1978 to 1991. They were classified according to the background disease (Group A, unknown aetiology; Group B, benign disease; Group C, malignant disease). Among the initial symptoms and signs, abdominal pain was the most frequent in Group A (37%), and symptoms attributable to the primary disease in Groups B (44%) and C (75%). Definite or probable diagnosis was made in 45 of the 54 patients (81.8%) by ultrasound (US) examination carried out because of these symptoms and signs. Signs of portal hypertension were observed in 67% of patients; oesophageal varices were seen in 60%. Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction without portal hypertension signs was characterized by thick extensive hepatopetal collaterals or patency of some intrahepatic portal veins. Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction patients without portal hypertension remained free of its signs for more than 3 years of follow up and, in fact, EHPO without portal hypertension signs was a common occurrence. Emphasis is made on the diagnostic value of US examination which was useful in identifying the relation of clinical manifestation of EHPO to pathophysiology, and on the frequent lack of portal hypertension signs in this disease.