Insulin Values Research Articles

Evaluation of endocrine changes and insulin release in patients with hereditary spherocytosis.

To evaluate endocrinological changes and insulin secretion in patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS). The study included 30 patients with HS and 30 healthy control groups who were of similar age and gender. Routine tests, including hemogram, biochemical and hormonal tests were conducted on both patients with HS and the control group. HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) and HOMA-ß% (Homeostasis Model Assessment for ß-cell function) values of all cases were also calculated using fasting insulin and fasting glucose values. Among the patient group, 7 patients (23.3%) had short stature, 16 patients (53.3%) had vitamin D deficiency, 1 patient (3.3%) had impaired glucose tolerance, 1 patient (3.3%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 23 patients (76.6%) had dyslipidemia and 2 patients (6.6%) had growth hormone deficiency. The insulin value in the patient group was 4.0 ± 2.7 mlU/mL and significantly lower than the control group with an insulin value of 9.1 ± 3.9 mlU/mL (P < 0.001). Moreover, glucose (P = 0.036), HOMA-IR (P < 0.001), HOMA-beta (P < 0.001) and C-peptide (P = 0.001) values of the patient group were significantly lower than the control group. The cholesterol (P < 0.001), HDL (P < 0.001) and LDL (P < 0.001) values of the patient group were found to be significantly lower than the control group. We found that insulin secretion decreased in patients with HS and hypocholesterolemia occurred due to chronic hemolysis. More research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of decreased insulin secretion seen in HS patients.

Comparative analysis of bone health and glycemic control in postmenopausal women: insights from clinical data

Abstract Background Menopause leads to significant physiological and biochemical alterations that impact different aspects of health, such as bone mineral metabolism and glycemic control. It is imperative to comprehend these alterations in order to identify potential health hazards and develop preventative measures. This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate bone-associated markers and glycemic control indices in postmenopausal women (PMP). Methods A sample of 100 women aged 30 years or older was randomly selected and categorized into three groups: PMP (n = 60), premenopausal (PRM) (n = 20), and women in the reproductive age group (RWA) (n = 20). Venous blood samples were collected, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were analyzed using standard laboratory techniques. The insulin and estrogen levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and Fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI) were calculated. A significance level of p &lt; 0.05 was used in the statistical analysis conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Results The PMP and PRM groups showed significantly greater mean values of FBG, insulin, and HOMA-IR when compared to RWA (p &lt; 0.05), while these groups had lower QUICKI levels. Similar trends were noted for bone-associated markers, with significant differences among the groups (p &lt; 0.05). The correlation results showed that QUICKI had positive correlations with both ALP and phosphorus, while FBG and FIRI had negative connections with both. Conclusion Postmenopausal women demonstrated higher levels of glycemic control indices and bone-related markers compared to premenopausal and reproductive-age women, indicating potential risks for osteoporosis and obesity.

The association of objective daytime sleepiness with impaired glucose metabolism in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a multi-omics study.

To examine the joint effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and objective excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) on glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanisms. We included 127 patients with OSA. The multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were used to assess objective and subjective EDS, respectively. Disordered glucose metabolism was defined as either a physician diagnosis or having fasting blood glucose levels ≥ 5.6 mmol/L. Values of fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) higher than the median values of our sample were defined as high fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Serum metabolomics and fecal microbiota were used to explore underlying mechanisms. Lower MSLT values were associated with higher levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. Furthermore, objective EDS was associated with increased odds of disordered glucose metabolism, elevated fasting insulin, and insulin resistance. Dysregulation of serum valine degradation and dysbiosis of fecal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were associated with impaired glucose metabolism in OSA with objective EDS. No association between subjective EDS and impaired glucose metabolism was observed. OSA with objective, but not subjective, EDS is associated with an increased risk of disordered glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Dysregulation of valine degradation and dysbiosis of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron appear to link objective EDS and disordered glucose metabolism in OSA.

Low sensitivity of chromogranin A in the diagnosis of insulinoma: a single-center study

Background: Insulinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor (NET), with its main clinical manifestation being the hypoglycemic syndrome. The symptoms of hypoglycemia are nonspecific, and therefore, in most cases, the diagnosis is made untimely. The Russian clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of NET suggest as a diagnostic test that the universal circulating marker of all NET, chromogranin A (CgA) be determined. However, the literature data on the sensitivity of CgA in the diagnosis of insulinoma are contradictory. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of the CgA test in the diagnosis of insulinoma. Materials and methods: This was a hospital-based single-center, cross-sectional comparative (first step) and prospective non-comparative (second step) study conducted from 2016 to 2022. During the first part of the study, we determined serum CgA in 120 patients with suspected non-diabetic hypoglycemia and compared its levels in the patients with and without confirmed insulinoma (n = 87 and n = 33, respectively). During the second study step, CgA was measured in the insulinoma patients at 6 [4.0; 7.0] months after surgery. The CgA levels at baseline and post-surgery were analyzed in 74 patients (those with recurring non-diabetic hypoglycemia were excluded from the analysis). Results: In the study subjects without insulinoma, the median CgA level was 0.7 [0.5; 1.1] (range, 0.1 to 2.0) nmol/l and the difference (with Bonferroni adjustment) from its levels in the patients with insulinoma before surgery was non-significant (1.0 [0.7; 1.4], range, 0.1 to 8.5 nmol/l, р = 0.045). The CgA concentration in the insulinoma patients after surgery was 0.9 [0.7; 1.2], range, 0 to 1.9 nmol/l and significantly differed from that at baseline (1.0 [0.7; 1.4], range, 0.1 to 8.5 nmol/l, p = 0.012, Wilcoxon test). In the patients with insulinoma before surgery the CgA levels exceeding the generally accepted reference range ( 2 nmol/l) was found in 11.5% (n = 10), with its median level of 2.5 [2.3; 4.1], range 2.3 to 8.5 nmol/l. There were no significant associations between the CgA levels and localization, tumor numbers, their size and malignization grade, insulin and proinsulin values, and duration of fasting. The sensitivity and specificity of the CgA test were 12% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 6%–20%] and 100% [95% CI: 97%–100%], respectively. The prognostic value of a positive result (PVPR) was 100% [95% CI: 69%–100%] and the prognostic value of a negative result (PVNR) 30% [95% CI: 28%–32%]. Conclusion: As a diagnostic test, CgA has high specificity and prognostic value of a positive result. However, the uncertainty of the prognostic value of a negative result is unacceptably high. A special study is required to clarify the operational characteristics of CgA in insulinoma.

Assessment of Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI Levels in Patients with Endometrial Cancer and Hyperplasia

Aim: To analyze insulin resistance and related parameters in patients with endometrial cancer and hyperplasia. Methods: The study included 102 patients in 3 groups. Group I and II included patients with a histologic diagnosis of endometrial cancer (n=41, 40.2%) and endometrial hyperplasia (n=31, 30.4%) based on the final pathology report. Group III was the control group and included patients who had undergone surgery for a benign indication other than endometrial hyperplasia (n=30, 29.4%). Age, body mass index (BMI), menarcheal age, menopausal status, gravidity, parity score, diabetes, oral contraceptive status, fasting glucose levels, insulin levels, endometrial thickness, HOMA-IR and QUICKI scores were assessed. Results: The mean age of group I was statistically higher than that of group II (55.3±9.5 vs. 48.8±7.1, p=0.002). The average BMI of the two groups was similar (p=0.076). When fasting glucose values were evaluated, group I showed significantly higher values compared to group II. The mean insulin and HOMA-IR values in the control group were significantly higher than those in group I (p

Copper biomarkers and their relationship with parameters of insulin resistance in obese women.

Some studies have demonstrated the involvement of high concentrations of copper in the manifestation of insulin resistance in individuals with obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the copper nutritional status and its relationship with parameters of glycemic control in women with obesity. An observational case-control clinical study involving 203 women aged between 20 and 50years, divided into two groups: obese (n = 84) and eutrophic (n = 119). Body weight, height and waist, hip and neck circumferences, dietary copper intake, copper biomarkers, determine ceruloplasmin activity and glycemic control parameters were measured. It was observed that women with obesity had higher copper concentrations in plasma and lower concentrations in erythrocytes when compared to the control group. Analysis of glycemic control parameters revealed a statistically significant difference in fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05) between groups. The study identified a significant positive correlation between plasma copper and fasting insulin values and the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index (p < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that obese women have high copper concentrations in plasma and lower concentrations in erythrocytes. Furthermore, the significant positive correlation between plasma copper and fasting insulin and HOMA-IR index suggests the influence of this mineral on glycemic control parameters in obese women.

The Relationship between Body Compositions and Serum Vitamin D Levels in Obese Adolescents

Purpose: Obesity and vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health problem with increasing frequency in childhood. Although numerous studies explored the correlation between obesity and vitamin D, the study is aimed to investigate such relationship in consideration of few/no studies on vitamin D and body compositions in obese people. Methods: A total of 62 adolescents aged 12 to 18 were included in the study, comprising 33 obese adolescents and 29 with normal weight. Blood samples were analyzed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and HDL cholesterol (HDL). Body fluid status and composition were assessed using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) for both the obese and control groups. Results: Total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), ECW/ICW (E/I) ratio, lean tissue index (LTI), adipose tissue index (FTI), lean tissue mass (LTM), adipose tissue mass (ATM), body cell mass (BCM) values were significantly higher in the obese group in comparison with the control group (p ˂ 0.05). There was no significant difference in 25(OH)D levels in the obese and control groups (p ˃ 0.05). The distribution of 25(OH)D values below and above 20 did not differ significantly in the obese and control groups (p ˃ 0.05). Cholesterol, insulin and HOMA-IR values were detected significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group (p ˂ 0.05). HDL and Ca values were significantly lower in the obese group than in the control group (p ˂ 0.05). A significant positive correlation was discovered between BMI value and TBW, ECW, ICW, E/I, LTI, FTI, LTM, ATM, BCM values (p ˂ 0.05). A significant positive correlation was discovered between HOMA IR value and TBW, ECW, ICW, E/I, FTI, FAT, ATM values (p&lt; 0.05). No significant correlation was encountered between ....

The Concentration of Follistatin and Activin A in Serum and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Stratification by Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Insulin Resistance, and Overweight/Obesity.

Background/Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of follistatin and activin A in the serum of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to assess their relationship with selected biochemical parameters, specifically stratifying the analysis based on tobacco smoke, insulin resistance, and abnormal weight. Methods: The research was carried out within a cohort of 88 women (60 women with and 28 without PCOS). Results: We observed significant differences (p < 0.05) in follistatin concentrations between women with PCOS stratified by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. These differences were consistent across both smoking and non-smoking subgroups with PCOS. Similar results were observed when comparing normal-weight women with PCOS to those with overweight or obesity. Additionally, activin A concentrations were significantly increased by higher body mass index (BMI) and HOMA-IR values in non-smoking women with PCOS. Moreover, we identified a negative correlation (r = -0.30; p < 0.023) between cotinine levels and Anti-Müllerian hormone. Among smoking women with PCOS, we noted decreased concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin and high-density lipoproteins, alongside increased fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and free androgen index values. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that activin A and follistatin concentrations are more strongly influenced by disruptions in glucose metabolism and BMI than by tobacco smoke exposure. The observed changes were more pronounced in follistatin than in activin A level.

Exploring the link between leptin levels and metabolic syndrome in elderly Indian patients: Implications for family medicine and primary care practices.

The metabolic syndrome (MetS), according to the Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Programme, is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that includes one, two, or all three of the following traits: obesity in the abdomen, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fasting blood sugar, or insulin resistance. This study's aim was to assess the relationship between fasting serum leptin and MetS in elderly adults with T2DM in the Northern Indian population. The following information was collected from all the participants: (1) anthropometric data, (2) biochemical data, and (3) a lifestyle questionnaire on sociodemographic data, dietary practices, smoking, and alcohol intake to identify their risk factors for diabetes mellitus, CVD, and hypertension. A total of 36 older participants (56.30%) had a history of hypertension, while 29 elderly participants (44.61%) had diabetes mellitus. A total of 32 elderly participants (49.2%) had MetS, and this group had higher serum leptin (P 0.003), body weight (P = 0.019), BMI (P 0.001), waist circumference (P 0.001), CRP (P = 0.021), insulin (P = 0.001), and HOMA-IR (P = 0.003) values as well as higher percentages of females (P = 0.001), and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P = 0.002) and hypertension (P = 0.039) than those in the non-MetS group. In older persons with T2DM, our study discovered a favorable correlation between serum leptin and MetS. It can act as a standalone indicator of MetS, offering a way to spot populations at risk for associated consequences and enabling early intervention.

Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia in Individuals with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is an increasingly recognized complication after metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). The aim of this study is to investigate potential factors associated with PBH. A cohort of 24 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2 who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) was retrospectively investigated for PBH at 12 months. PBH was defined as postprandial glucose at 120 min below 60 mg/dL. Questionnaires based on the Edinburgh hypoglycemia scale were filled out by the participants. Glycemic parameters and gastrointestinal (GI) hormones were also investigated. Based on the questionnaires, five patients presented more than four symptoms that were highly indicative of PBH at 12 months. According to glucose values at 120 min, one patient experienced PBH at 6 months and four patients experienced it at 12 months. Postprandial insulin values at 30 min and 6 months seem to be a strong predictor for PBH (p < 0.001). GLP-1 and glucagon values were not significantly associated with PBH. PBH can affect patients with T2DM after MBS, reaching the edge of hypoglycemia. Postprandial insulin levels at 30 min and 6 months might predict the occurrence of PBH at 12 months, but this requires further validation with a larger sample size.

The biological variation of insulin resistance markers: data from the European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS).

An insulin resistant state is characteristic of patients with type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and metabolic syndrome. Identification of insulin resistance (IR) is most readily achievable using formulae combining plasma insulin and glucose results. In this study, we have used data from the European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS) to examine the biological variability (BV) of IR using the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). Ninety EuBIVAS non-diabetic subjects (52F, 38M) from five countries had fasting HOMA-IR and QUICKI calculated from plasma glucose and insulin samples collected concurrently on 10weekly occasions. The within-subject (CVI) and between-subject (CVG) BV estimates with 95 % CIs were obtained by CV-ANOVA after analysis of trends, variance homogeneity and outlier removal. The CVI of HOMA-IR was 26.7 % (95 % CI 25.5-28.3), driven largely by variability in plasma insulin and the CVI for QUICKI was 4.1 % (95 % CI 3.9-4.3), reflecting this formula's logarithmic transformation of glucose and insulin values. No differences in values or BV components were observed between subgroups of men or women below and above 50 years. The EuBIVAS, by utilising a rigorous experimental protocol, has produced robust BV estimates for two of the most commonly used markers of insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects. This has shown that HOMA-IR, in particular, is highly variable in the same individual which limits the value of single measurements.

P-633 Impact of insulin resistance on reproductive medicine outcomes

Abstract Study question Does Homeostasis Model Assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) have an influence in reproductive medicine outcomes? Summary answer HOMA-IR is associated with fertility treatment parameters and has a significant influence on reproductive medicine outcomes. What is known already The HOMA model is used to yield an estimate of insulin sensitivity from basal (fasting) plasma insulin and glucose concentrations. Currently, the model has become a widely used clinical tool to evaluate glucose metabolism. Regarding fertility, the relation between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR) has been studied. Insulin resistance may be potential contributor to impaired treatment outcomes in artificial reproductive technology (ART). Although a few studies have recently been published on the topic the association of HOMA-IR with fertility treatment parameters remains a black box in reproductive medicine research. Study design, size, duration The observational study was designed and conducted at the Kinderwunsch Institut Schenk GmbH (Dobl, Austria). The study included 175 patients (25 men and 150 women), aged 18-45. HOMA-IR was determined for each patient and then correlated with patient’s medical history, fertility treatment parameters and outcomes. Participants/materials, setting, methods HOMA-IR was determined by taking a blood sample during fasting state and measuring plasma values of glucose (mg/dl) and insulin (mU/ml). A HOMA-IR of ≥ 2 was considered as insulin resistance. HOMA-IR was correlated with medical history (polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, Body-Mass-Index (BMI), nicotine abuse) and fertility treatment parameters (sperm quality, number of retrieved oocytes after controlled ovarian stimulation, number of mature and fertilized oocytes, embryo quality and pregnancy rate). Main results and the role of chance An increased HOMA-IR (³2) was observed in 90 patients (51.4%). They suffered from obesity (n = 36; 80%), PCOS (n = 22; 70.97%), ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (n = 17; 77.27%) and experienced poor embryo quality (n = 249; 91.54%). A significant positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and PCOS (p &amp;lt; 0.001), obesity (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and number of retrieved oocytes (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The pregnancy rate correlated negatively with the HOMA-IR (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Furthermore, trends of positive correlations of high HOMA-IR in endometriosis, BMI, pathological spermiogram, nicotine abuse and increased number of mature oocytes were determined. The relation between HOMA-IR and the number of retrieved and mature oocytes is consistent with its relation to PCOS. The data show that HOMA-IR is associated with fertility treatment parameters and has a significant influence on ART outcome. Limitations, reasons for caution The number of patients may be seen as a study limitation. Results should be confirmed with a bigger sample size. An interventional study should confirm the role of HOMA-IR in IVF outcomes. Wider implications of the findings These findings may help to better understand the importance of glucose and insulin metabolism in reproduction and suggest that evaluation of HOMA-IR may be a valuable parameter to be considered when collecting patients’ anamnesis prior to starting ART treatment. Trial registration number not applicable

Physical activity, physical fitness and cardiometabolic health among Finnish military workers

IntroductionThe Western lifestyle challenges national defence. Inactivity, obesity, high BP and elevated lipid and glucose levels as well as tobacco use all increase cardiometabolic risk. The present study was thus...

Study of the Relationship between Insulin Resistance, Iron Status Markers and Body Weight in a Sample of Egyptian Population

Abstract Background Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Aim of the Work The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between insulin Resistance, iron Status Markers and body Weight in a sample of Egyptian population. Patients and Methods Our study was case control study conducted on 90 subjects their age was ranging form18 to 70 from diabetes outpatient clinic, and they were divided into 3 groups: Group (1): Non-obese non-diabetic as a control group, Group (2): Obese non diabetic and group (3): Obese diabetic. Results In our study, there was no statistical significant difference found between the three studied groups regarding iron study, Also our study showed that there was statistically non significant correlation between (ferritin level and TIBC), and (ferritin level, HOMA IR), but there was statistical significant positive correlation found between TIBC and FBS (p- value 0.045),Similarly, we did not observe either abnormally high or low ferritin values in our study on subjects with obesity. We found no association between this marker and body weight, in contrast with others. In our study, the higher insulin and HOMA-IR values observed in the subjects with TSAT&amp;lt;20% = 4.2(1.4-11.6) than those with TSAT &amp;gt;20% =2.4 (1.15-6.95), but statistically non significant p- value. The present study also showed that There was statistical significant positive correlation between (T.SAT, serum ferritin), (T.SAT, S.iron) and (T.SAT,SBP) (with p-value 0.03). Our study also showed that there was no statistical significant difference found between patients with T.sat ≤ 20% and those with T.sat &amp;gt; 20% regarding all the studied parameters except ferritin level and iron level was found higher in patients with T.sat &amp;gt;20% than those with T. sat ≤20% with p-value &amp;lt;0.001 and &amp;lt;0.001 respectively. Conclusion Characteristics of iron deficiency or iron overload were not observed in subjects with overweight/obesity and diabetic patients. Our results suggest a complex metabolic dysregulation.

Metabolic and Low-Grade Inflammation Risk in Young Adults with a History of Extrauterine Growth Restriction.

Children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), later at prepubertal age, exhibit an increased metabolic risk including risen insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. However, the progression of such metabolic changes after puberty and the lasting health implications have not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether young adults with a history of EUGR faced increased vulnerability to metabolic disorders. A study was conducted comparing a group of adults with a history of EUGR with a healthy reference group. A total of 110 young adults (36 from the EUGR group and 74 from the control group) were included. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure (BP), general biochemical parameters, plasma inflammatory biomarkers, and adipokines were assessed. Compared to the reference group, the EUGR group had a shorter height and body weight with higher lean mass and waist circumference, as well as a greater percentage of individuals with high BP. In addition, EUGR patients had higher values of insulin, HOMA-IR, nerve growth factor, and leptin, and lower levels of adiponectin and resistin. The present study suggests that young adults with a history of EUGR present increased metabolic risk factors therefore, clinical follow-up should be considered.

Sleep Debt and Insulin Resistance: What's Worse, Sleep Deprivation or Sleep Restriction?

Objective To evaluate which condition of sleep debt has a greater negative impact on insulin resistance: sleep deprivation for 24 hours or 4 hours of sleep restriction for 4 nights. Materials and Methods In total, 28 healthy male subjects aged 18 to 40 years were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: sleep deprivation (SD) and sleep restriction (SR). Each group underwent two conditions: regular sleep (11 pm to 7 am ) and total sleep deprivation for 24 hours (SD); regular sleep (11 pm to 7 am ) and 4 nights of sleep restriction (SR) (1 am to 5 am ). The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and baseline glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFAs), and cortisol were measured. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the Matsuda Index (Insulin Sensitivity Index, ISI) were calculated. Results Glucose and insulin had a similar pattern between groups, except at the baseline, when insulin was higher in the sleep debt condition of the SR when compared with the SD ( p < 0.01). In the comparison between regular sleep and sleep debt, the SD had a higher insulin AUC ( p < 0.01) and FFAs ( p = 0.03) after sleep deprivation, and insulin and the insulin AUC increased ( p < 0.01 for both), while the ISI decreased ( p = 0.02) after sleep restriction in the SR. In baseline parameters covariate by the condition of regular sleep, insulin ( p = 0.02) and the HOMA-IR ( p < 0.01) were higher, and cortisol ( p = 0.04) was lower after sleep restriction when compared with sleep deprivation. Conclusion Sleep restriction for 4 consecutive nights is more detrimental to energy metabolism because of the higher insulin values and insulin resistance compared with an acute period of sleep deprivation of 24 hours.

Systemic absorption of triamcinolone acetonide is increased from intrasynovial versus extrasynovial sites and induces hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Steroid-associated laminitis remains a major concern with use of corticosteroids in horses. Individual case factors such as joint pathology, pre-existing endocrinopathies, or corticosteroid type, dose, and timing influencing steroid-induced laminitis risk have not been investigated. This study aimed to determine if systemic absorption of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) varies between intrasynovial (antebrachiocarpal) and extrasynovial (sacroiliac) injection sites, and to determine the effects of TA absorption on glucose, insulin, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Twenty adult horses were randomized into antebrachiocarpal or sacroiliac joint injection groups, and each horse received bilateral injections with a total dose of 18 mg triamcinolone. Blood was collected prior to injection and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h post-injection. Peak TA absorption occurred at 8 h in both groups, and was significantly higher in the intrasynovial group compared to the extrasynovial group (1.397 ng/mL, 0.672 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Plasma TA levels were significantly higher in the intrasynovial group from 8 to 36 h post-injection (p < 0.05). There was no difference in glucose, insulin, cortisol, or ACTH between groups at any time point. Insulin and glucose were significantly increased from baseline at all timepoints from 10-72 h and 1-72 h post-injection, respectively. Horses with elevated baseline insulin values (>20 μU/mL) from both groups experienced a more marked hyperinsulinemia, reaching a mean peak insulin of 197.5 μU/mL as compared to 90.06 μU/mL in those with normal baseline insulin. Cortisol and ACTH were significantly decreased from baseline at timepoints from 4-72 h post-injection in both groups. This study is the first to evaluate drug absorption from the sacroiliac site and demonstrates that drug absorption varies between intrasynovial and extrasynovial injection sites. TA absorption causes metabolic derangements, most notably a marked hyperinsulinemia that is more severe in horses with elevated baseline insulin values. The influence of baseline endocrinopathies on response to corticosteroid administration as well as the effect of corticosteroid-induced metabolic derangements warrant further investigation as risk factors for corticosteroid-associated laminitis.

Hormoanl and Semen Production Response to Oral Combination of Tigernut, Soybean, Datefruit Extract and Cod Liver Oil Administration in Male Wistar Rats

Aim/objective: This study assess the effect of combined oral administration of tigernut, datefruit, soybean extract and liquid codliver oil on semen and hormonal indices such as sperm count, viability, ph., testosterone, FSH, LH, PSA etc using male wistar rats. Methods: The Tiet and Layman methods were used to determine the concerned hormones analyzed while the PSA and semen was calculated using calibrated curve method and hemocytometer Method. The animals were grouped into two phases. Hormonal (1) phase: This consist of 25 animals with group (1) serving as the control, (2) received 1000mg/kg soybean, (3) received 800mg/kg tigernut and datefruit, (4) 800mg/kg of combined extract of tigernut, datefruit, and soybean daily while group5 received a standard drug of 500mg/kg codliver oil daily. Phase (2) Semen analysis: This phase consist of 35 animals with group (1) also serving as control but group (2) receive 1400mg/kg tigernut, (3) receive 800mg/kg datefruit, (4) receive 1000mg/kg soybean, (5) receive 800mg/kg datefruit/tigernut, (6) receive 800mg/kg of tigernut, datefruit, and soybean extract each daily while group7 was administered 500mg/kg codliver oil daily for 35days. Results: The outcome of this study indicate an increase mean values for insulin, LH and testosterone among the test group compared with control. The FSH level was significantly higher in group2 (3.60m/u/ml) but decreases in group3 - group5 compared with the control (3.00m/u/ml) level. There was a significant positive correlation that exist between FSH and LH while the PSA levels are within normal range. Both active and sperm count were increased in percentage and in millions among group5 and group6 administered the combined extract of the fruits daily in comparison with control group. A significant increase level of testosterone and improved normal/active sperm count among the test group administered soybean extract and codliver oil daily was observed. Conclusion: This study is a break through on ..

The Relationship of Gallestone Disease with Serum RBP4 Level, Vitamın D, Lipid Profile, Insulin Resistance and Uric Acid Levels

Abstract Aim The metabolic parameters associated with gallstones are the subject of numerous studies. RBP4, an adipokine, has been linked to various metabolic diseases; however, there is currently no study in the literature that clearly establishes its relationship with gallstone disease. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to evaluate the biochemical parameters associated with gallstone disease, primarily serum RBP4. Methods Between 2015 and 2016, abdominal ultrasound, serum biochemical tests, lipid profiles, uric acid, insulin, and fasting glucose values were available for 80 patients who presented to our hospital's gastroenterology clinic, were included in the study. RBP4 levels were analyzed in the serum samples obtained from the patients. Results Out of the 80 participants in the study, 42 had gallstones, while 38 did not. Among the biochemical parameters, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of total cholesterol values (p= 0.483), LDL values (p=0.224), and TG values (p=0.764). A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of HDL values(p=0.017). No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of serum uric acid (p=0.411), fasting glucose (p=0.214), fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR score (p=0.157), vitamin D levels (p=0.340). The mean±SD values of the studied serum RBP-4 levels in the participants were determined as 40.24±7.12 in the control group and 39.75±8.55 in the patient group. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p=0.776). In correlation analyses; a significant positive correlation was found between RBP4 and vitamin D levels(r: 0.277, p= 0.013), total cholesterol (r: 0.268, p=0.016), triglycerides (r: 0.387, p

Effect of Additional Prebiotics on Glycemia and Lipid Profile in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

This study was conducted to determine the effect of prebiotic fiber intake on glycemia and lipemia in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM). Over a 8-week period, 14 individuals with Type 2 DM between the ages of 20-50 with a Body Mass Index (BMI) above 25 kg/m² were randomly assigned to either an intervention group, in which participants were given additional prebiotic fiber with diabetic diet (n = 8, consuming 10 g/d of oligofructose-enriched inulin to diabetic diet) or to a control group, in which participants were given only with a diabetic diet (n = 6, consuming only diabetic diet). Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (Total-C), High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C) values were measured at the beginning and end of the study. There was no significant difference between the initial and last measurements in HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HDL-C values only in the diabetic diet group (p&gt;0.05); whereas FPG, TG, Total-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels decreased (p