Informative Value Of Data Research Articles

High Value of Information Guided Data Enhancement for Heterogeneous Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Ensuring the freshness of high Value of Information (VoI) data has a significant practice meaning for marine observations and emergencies. The traditional forward method with an auv-aid is used to ensure the freshness of high VoI data. However, the methods suffer from two issues: an insufficient high VoI data throughput and random forwarding for cluster heads (CHs). The AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) with limited energy cannot meet the demand for the random generation of high VoI data. Low VoI data packets compete with high VoI data packets for channels, resulting in an insufficient high VoI data throughput and a low freshness. To address the above issues, we propose the Data Access Channel Scheme based on High Value of Information (DACS-HVOI), which is suitable for prioritizing the transmission packets with a high VoI. First, according to the level of VoI, the packets are divided into K classes, and the packets that are collected and forwarded by the AUV are defined as the highest K+1 class. Second, based on prior knowledge in the network, a Markov chain algorithm-based method is employed to predict which nodes should preferentially use the channel, to avoid conflict between a low and high VoI. Third, based on the stochastic fluid theory, a multilevel queueing system for CHs are constructed to avoid random forwarding. Last, compared with state-of-art protocols, experimental simulation shows that the proposed scheme has a low latency and high network throughput, while improving the throughput of high-VoI packets and ensuring the priority transmission of high-VoI packets.

Determinants of health and cancer: investigating conceptions of children aged 6 to 11

Abstract Context Qualitative data on how children and adolescents view their health and its determinants are relatively few at the international level. This research is therefore part of a comprehensive and open-minded approach to better describe how elementary school children perceive the determinants of health and cancer. Objectives Our main objective is to map, from a multiphase qualitative protocol, the conceptions and systems of conceptions on the determinants of health and cancers perceived within a 6 to 11 age group. The secondary objective is to analyze our ability to collect these healthy conceptions from children. Methodology Four different tools were used in four schools for 320 students: (1) “photo expression”, (2) “QC (Questions / Certainties)”, (3) “photo narration” and (4) “focus group”. This open and exploratory method, combining the use of photographs and focus groups, provided data on the experiences, stated practices and knowledge of each student. The mobilization of image mediation methods plays an essential ethical role by ensuring the distance between the theme and the child. The informative value of data from qualitative collection tools coupled with a mixed analysis methodology (qualitative and quantitative) allows us to collect dense and efficient data needed to understand the perception of determinants by elementary school students. Conclusions This study identifies promising methodological leads thanks to the complementarity of the different phases mobilized. It also provides us with elements of methodological understanding that can contribute to the development of prevention tools as part of the school health education journey. Key messages Map, from a multiphase qualitative protocol, the conceptions and systems of conceptions on the determinants of health and cancers perceived within a 6 to 11 age group. Analyze our ability to collect these healthy conceptions from children.

POSSIBILITIES OF THE APPLICATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AND MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL MEANS IN THE CRIME INVESTIGATION ACTIVITY

The issues related to the introduction of innovative methods, technologies and technological means in the investigation of crimes are considered. It is noted that one of the main directions of the development of Criminalistics is the assimilation of the virtual reality associated with computerization of spheres of life, implementation of modern technologies and their use in law enforcement. Technology use of laser scanning of terrain and objects resulting in 3D model is produced allows several times to increase informative value of data collected at the incident scene, provides a visual and convenient visualization in three-dimensional form. As against photo and video images, 3D model has a stereoscopic image and the ability to freely change the angle while viewing. Besides to scanning results can be stored on any digital media without the possibility of changes or adjustments. Attention is focused on the technological capabilities of 3D-visualization systems on examples of their use in foreign countries as technological means of capturing the situation of the scene and the subsequent of a crime reconstruction. Thus, using a portable three-dimensional imaging system for working with volumetric traces at a crime scene, it is possible to obtain accurate three-dimensional images of traces of protectors or footprints (shoes) on soil and snow. This system is an alternative to traditional methods of fixing evidence: photofixing and making plaster casts. Unlike other systems, new approach does not require the use of lasers. The expediency of expanding the range of 3D laser scanning system use in modern investigative and judicial practice of our state with the aim of increasing the level of provision of pre-trial investigation authorities with technological means and bringing it closer to European standards is argued.

Value-of-information analysis within a stakeholder-driven research prioritization process in a US setting: an application in cancer genomics.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of incorporating value-of-information (VOI) analysis into a stakeholder-driven research prioritization process in a US-based setting. . Within a program to prioritize comparative effectiveness research areas in cancer genomics, over a period of 7 months, we developed decision-analytic models and calculated upper-bound VOI estimates for 3 previously selected genomic tests. Thirteen stakeholders representing patient advocates, payers, test developers, regulators, policy makers, and community-based oncologists ranked the tests before and after receiving VOI results. The stakeholders were surveyed about the usefulness and impact of the VOI findings. The estimated upper-bound VOI ranged from $33 million to $2.8 billion for the 3 research areas. Seven stakeholders indicated the results modified their rankings, 9 stated VOI data were useful, and all indicated they would support its use in future prioritization processes. Some stakeholders indicated expected value of sampled information might be the preferred choice when evaluating specific Limitations. Our study was limited by the size and the potential for selection bias in the composition of the external stakeholder group, lack of a randomized design to assess effect of VOI data on rankings, and the use of expected value of perfect information v. expected value of sample information methods. Value of information analyses may have a meaningful role in research topic prioritization for comparative effectiveness research in the United States, particularly when large differences in VOI across topic areas are identified. Additional research is needed to facilitate the use of more complex value of information analyses in this setting.

Cost-Effectiveness of a Novel e-Health Depression Service

A recent trial assessed feasibility of an e-health service (" Improvehealth.eu ") to support depression care and reported positive outcomes. Our objective was to examine cost-effectiveness of the Improvehealth.eu service. A baseline model was used to evaluate cost and effects of the intervention. Given the high uncertainty in the input space, a series of alternative scenarios were evaluated to challenge the result. The aim was to find if conservative or even pessimistic estimates and assumptions could result in a change of the cost-effectiveness from the baseline model. A probabilistic depression model combined with bootstrapping was built and populated with data from the literature and from the pilot efficacy trial of the e-health service. The core of the model was a stochastic mapping function that translated depression-specific outcomes to quality-adjusted life years. Correlated sampling was used to obtain unbiased and consistent piecewise linear transformation of Beck Depression Inventory scores to utilities. The results are shown as cost-effectiveness acceptability curves with value of information data. An extreme scenario analysis was then performed to deal with parameter, structural, and modeling uncertainty. Cost-effectiveness of the e-health service was favorable because of low cost and high efficacy of the intervention. Apart from the most pessimistic one, none of the 13 alternative scenarios changed the preferred alternative. Improvehealth.eu is cost-effective relative to usual care, given the available efficacy data. Results of the health economic evaluation were robust to alternative assumptions, despite considerable uncertainty in input data.