Value Of Cos Research Articles

Eksplorasi kemampuan penalaran visual siswa pada materi perbandingan trigonometri ditintau dari gender

The aim of this research is to analyze the visual reasoning abilities of high school students based on gender using trigonometry comparison material. The subject consists of two students with the provisions of one male student and one female student. Data was collected by administering a visual reasoning test to 10 10th grade students, then the selected subjects were interviewed. The data validation used is the triangulation method. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the research showed that male students in the trigonometry comparison material were able to identify side sides, slanted sides, front sides, and were able to determine the use of the cos and tan formulas to solve problems with correct calculations. Meanwhile, female students in the trigonometry comparison material were able to identify side sides, slanted sides, front sides, were able to determine the use of the cos and tan formulas, but were less precise in determining the value of cos 30°, and less precise in making the final decision because they did not convert it into units. the same thing, namely meters.

PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS PABRIK KERTAS DENGAN MEMPERTIMBANGKAN POWER FAKTOR DAN MENGGUNAKAN KAPASITOR BANK DI PT DAYASA ARIA PRIMA

This study aims to determine the increase in paper mill productivity with the ETAP 12.6 simulation method. The progress of the company as a business organization has increased activity, increased performance and increased productivity in the electrical system at PT Dayasa Aria Prima to take strategic steps in minimizing expenditure costs on the electrical system and developing an electrical system based on ETAP 12.6 analysis and simulation at PT Dayasa Aria Prima. Changes in the value of the power factor will have an impact on decreasing the value of cos φ. Based on the analysis and simulation of ETAP 12.6 it is known that the power factor of PT. Dayasa Aria Prima is around 0.70% where the company has to pay a fine to PLN. To eliminate or eliminate fines, an increase is made to meet the standard requirements for power factor which must be more than 0.85%. Installing a capacitor bank with a power factor is an effective and efficient way to increase productivity so that companies can control and measure the productivity and cost efficiency of the company

Carbonyl Sulfide Sulfur Isotope Fractionation During Uptake by C3 and C4 Plants

AbstractCarbonyl sulfide (COS) is a major long‐lived sulfur‐containing gas in the atmosphere. Similar to CO2, COS main sink is the uptake by terrestrial plants. Therefore, COS is used as a proxy for CO2 uptake by terrestrial plants (gross primary production [GPP]). Currently, COS budget estimates have large uncertainties. Sulfur isotopes measurements are used in an isotopic mass‐balance to constrain the COS budget. Here we conducted plant‐chamber experiments for determining the isotopic fractionation during COS uptake by C3 and C4 plants, and that associated with enzymatic fractionation inside plant leaves. We also conducted COS diffusion in nitrogen experiment to determine the fractionation associated with COS diffusion through plant stomata. We then measured the δ34S values of COS from these experiments by a gas chromatograph/multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Applying these measured δ34S values, we calculated fractionations (εplant) of −1.6 ± 0.1‰ and −5.4 ± 0.5‰ during COS uptake for C3 plants and C4 plants respectively. A fractionation of −5.2 ± 0.5‰ for COS diffusion through plant stomata was calculated as well. We estimate the total diffusive component of plant uptake fractionation (including boundary layer, stomata, and gas‐liquid interface diffusions) as −1.6 ± 0.1‰. Using plant chamber measurements under high CO2 and COS concentrations we calculated the enzymatic component of the plant uptake fractionation as −15 ± 2‰. Based on the diffusive and enzymatic components of plant uptake fractionation, we calculate COS concentrations inside plant leaves. Using the C3 and C4 fractionation results, a value of −2.3 ± 0.5‰ is estimated as the global plant uptake fractionation, which can be incorporated into improved COS‐based‐GPP estimates in the future.

Analisis Injeksi Daya Reaktif Untuk Memperbaiki Faktor Daya Pada Line Instalasi Listrik Gedung Workshop AK-Manufaktur Bantaeng

This research is a case study, namely the electrical installation system for AK-Manufacturing Bantaeng fabrication workshops. This study aims to improve the value of cos φ (power factor) from 0.75 to 0.97 and to determine the capacity of the capacitor bank that will be installed on the electrical installation line of the AK-Manufacturing Bantaeng Fabrication Machine workshop building. The problem that occurs is the low value of cos φ (power factor) in the installed electrical system which causes the installed active power to be not maximal. For this reason, a capacitor bank with an adjusted capacity value is needed to provide reactive power injection so that the value of cos φ can be increased from 0.75 to 0.97. This study uses an analysis method to determine the value of reactive power to be injected into the electrical installation system. The results of this study indicate that the required reactive power injection capacity is 12 KVar or 12,000 Var. This value is sufficient to improve the power factor from 0.75 to 0.97. This means that the electrical installation system is more optimal.

Electrophysiological Maturation of Cerebral Organoids Correlates with Dynamic Morphological and Cellular Development.

SummaryCerebral organoids (COs) are rapidly accelerating the rate of translational neuroscience based on their potential to model complex features of the developing human brain. Several studies have examined the electrophysiological and neural network features of COs; however, no study has comprehensively investigated the developmental trajectory of electrophysiological properties in whole-brain COs and correlated these properties with developmentally linked morphological and cellular features. Here, we profiled the neuroelectrical activities of COs over the span of 5 months with a multi-electrode array platform and observed the emergence and maturation of several electrophysiologic properties, including rapid firing rates and network bursting events. To complement these analyses, we characterized the complex molecular and cellular development that gives rise to these mature neuroelectrical properties with immunohistochemical and single-cell transcriptomic analyses. This integrated approach highlights the value of COs as an emerging model system of human brain development and neurological disease.

The Oldest Trig in the Book

Do you know the value of cos (π/5) out of your head? When I ask students this question, responses range from apologetic shrugs to nervous chuckles to blank stares, and faculty hardly do better.Math...

Density functional theory study on the hydrolysis process of COS and CS2 on a graphene surface

The adsorption behavior and hydrolysis mechanism of COS and CS2 on a graphene surface were studied by using density functional theory. It could be concluded that the most stable adsorption configuration for COS was in the form of straight line at the B site, and the adsorption energy was − 0.830 eV. However, the most stable adsorption structure for CS2 with an adsorption energy of − 0.867 eV was the three atoms in CS2 interacting with the C atoms on the graphene surface. By contrasting the two values, the conclusion that the CS2 would adsorb on the graphene surface firstly when the COS and CS2 exist simultaneously was easy to draw. Meanwhile, for the H2O, the maximal adsorption energy was − 0.244 eV and the corresponding configurations were in the form of a downward and upward “V”. So the COS and CS2 will adsorb on the graphene surface first when they react with H2O. Then, the gaseous H2O and adsorptive COS/CS2 create a low-energy system. The energy barrier values of COS and CS2 were 122.648 and 314.108 kcal/mol, respectively, during the hydrolysis process on the graphene surface. And the reaction energies were − 6.335 and 167.561 kcal/mol, respectively. Namely, when the two molecules resulted in the same final products, the COS initiated the reaction more easily.

A Computing based Simulation Model for Missile Guidance in Planar Domain

This paper presents the design, development and implementation of a computing based simulation model for interceptor missile guidance for countering an anti-ship missile through a navigation law. It investigates the possibility of deriving, testing and implementing an efficient variation of the PN and RPN laws. A new guidance law [true combined proportional navigation (TCPN) guidance law] that combines the strengths of both the PN and RPN and has a superior capturability in a specified zone of interest is presented in this paper. The presented proportional navigation (PN) guidance law is modeled in a two dimensional planar engagement model and its performance is studied with respect to a varying navigation ratio (N) that is dependent on the ‘heading error (HE)’ and missile lead angle. The advantage of varying navigation ratio is: if N′ > 2, Vc > 0, Vm > 0, then the sign of navigation ratio is determined by cos (e + HE) and for cos (e + HE) ≥ 0 and N > 0, the formulation reduces to that of PN and for cos (e + HE) < 0 and N < 0, the formulation reduces to that of RPN. Hence, depending upon the values of cos (e + HE) the presented navigation guidance strategy is shuffled between the PN navigation ratio and the RPN navigation ratio. The theoretical framework of TCPN guidance law is implemented in two dimensional setting of parameters. An important feature of TCPN is the HE and the aim is to achieve lower values of the heading error in simulation. The presented results in this paper show the efficiency of simulation model and also establish that TCPN can be an accurate guidance strategy that has its own range of application and suitability.

Optimal Conditions for Obtaining Valid Step Count Measurements in Hospitalized Patients with Abnormal Gait.

This study investigated the optimum conditions for obtaining valid step-count measurements for patients with abnormal gait. Subjects comprised 61 hospitalized patients with abnormal gait. Four different devices were tested: Active Style Pro (AS), Walking Style (WS), Lifecorder PLUS, and Steps. The same device type was attached to the waist on both the affected and the unaffected side. Patients then walked 25 m at a comfortable speed. This test was repeated four times, once for each device. The measurement error (ME) and walking parameters (gait velocity, step length, and cadence) were calculated from the test data. ME scores smaller than 3% and 10% were classified as valid: scores above these standards were classified as invalid. Walking parameter values that identified the invalid group with a specificity of 0.95 were set as the cut-off velocity (COV), the cut-off step length (COS), and the cut-off cadence. Sensitivity values >0.40 and positive predictive values >80% were then set as necessary conditions. COV values were 0.90 m/s (AS on the unaffected side at 3% ME and AS on the affected side or the unaffected side at 10% ME), 0.92 m/s (WS on the unaffected side at 10% ME), and 0.98 m/s (WS on the affected side at 3% ME). COS values were 0.50 m (AS on the affected side at 10% ME) and 0.52 m (AS on the unaffected side at 3% ME). The most accurate measurements were obtained using AS attached to the unaffected side with a gait velocity of >0.90 m/s.

Chebyshev Polynomials and the Minimal Polynomial of cos(2π/n)

The minimal polynomial of cos(2π/n) allows one to realize the value of cos(2π/n) as the root of a polynomial with rational coefficients. These polynomials prove to be instrumental in expressing some relations satisfied by Chebyshev polynomials as a product. In this article a few relations satisfied by Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kind and the minimal polynomial of cos(2π/n) are presented. The proof of the main theorem shows how cyclotomic polynomials can be used to link these two kinds of polynomials.

Complex angular momenta approach for scattering problems in the presence of both monopoles and short range potentials

It is analyzed the quantum mechanical scattering off a topological defect (such as a Dirac monopole) as well as a Yukawa-like potential(s) representing the typical effects of strong interactions. This system, due to the presence of a short-range potential, can be analyzed using the powerful technique of the complex angular momenta which, so far, has not been employed in the presence of monopoles (nor of other topological solitons). Due to the fact that spatial spherical symmetry is achieved only up to internal rotations, the partial wave expansion becomes very similar to the Jacob-Wick helicity amplitudes for particles with spin. However, since the angular-momentum operator has an extra "internal" contribution, fixed cuts in the complex angular momentum plane appear. Correspondingly, the background integral in the Regge formula does not decrease for large values of cos(Theta) (namely, large values of the Mandelstam variable s). Hence, the experimental observation of this kind of behavior could be a direct signal of non-trivial topological structures in strong interactions. The possible relations of these results with the soft Pomeron are shortly analyzed.

Effects of direct current electric field on directional migration and arrangement of dermal fibroblasts in neonatal BALB/c mice and the mechanisms

Effects of direct current electric field on directional migration and arrangement of dermal fibroblasts in neonatal BALB/c mice and the mechanisms

Leptonic Dirac CP violation predictions from residual discrete symmetries

Assuming that the observed pattern of 3-neutrino mixing is related to the existence of a (lepton) flavour symmetry, corresponding to a non-Abelian discrete symmetry group Gf, and that Gf is broken to specific residual symmetries Ge and Gν of the charged lepton and neutrino mass terms, we derive sum rules for the cosine of the Dirac phase δ of the neutrino mixing matrix U. The residual symmetries considered are: i) Ge=Z2 and Gν=Zn, n>2 or Zn×Zm, n,m≥2; ii) Ge=Zn, n>2 or Zn×Zm, n,m≥2 and Gν=Z2; iii) Ge=Z2 and Gν=Z2; iv) Ge is fully broken and Gν=Zn, n>2 or Zn×Zm, n,m≥2; and v) Ge=Zn, n>2 or Zn×Zm, n,m≥2 and Gν is fully broken. For given Ge and Gν, the sum rules for cos⁡δ thus derived are exact, within the approach employed, and are valid, in particular, for any Gf containing Ge and Gν as subgroups. We identify the cases when the value of cos⁡δ cannot be determined, or cannot be uniquely determined, without making additional assumptions on unconstrained parameters. In a large class of cases considered the value of cos⁡δ can be unambiguously predicted once the flavour symmetry Gf is fixed. We present predictions for cos⁡δ in these cases for the flavour symmetry groups Gf=S4, A4, T′ and A5, requiring that the measured values of the 3-neutrino mixing parameters sin2⁡θ12, sin2⁡θ13 and sin2⁡θ23, taking into account their respective 3σ uncertainties, are successfully reproduced.

Structure and floristic composition of mangroves in the Bahía de Cispatá, Colombian Caribbean

&lt;p&gt;Los manglares son asociaciones de plantas que se adaptan fácilmente a las condiciones salinas y los niveles fluctuantes de inundación. Estos ecosistemas suministran gran cantidad de bienes y servicios tales como el almacenamiento de carbono. Diferencias estructurales, de composición de especies y de características micro-ambientales entre tipos fisiográficos implican diferencias en el almacenamiento de carbono en sus suelos. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la variación de las especies de mangle a través de los cambios en las variables físico-bióticas de bosques de manglar de la bahía Cispatá, Colombia. Se realizaron mediciones de variables estructurales del bosque (&lt;em&gt;D, H, &lt;/em&gt;densidad de individuos) y medición de variables físico-bióticas (nivel de inundación, cobertura de &lt;em&gt;A. aureum&lt;/em&gt;, salinidad del agua intersticial, pH del suelo, % N, % limo, % arena, % COs, raíces y densidad aparente en el suelo) en 12 parcelas establecidas aleatoriamente. Con un CCA identificaron tres manglares: cuenca, borde en buen estado de conservación y borde con intervención antropogénica. El primero dominado por &lt;em&gt;A. germinans&lt;/em&gt; y los otros por &lt;em&gt;R. mangle&lt;/em&gt;. El manglar de cuenca se diferencia de los de borde en términos estructurales y en variables físico-bióticas, presentó los valores más altos de COs, salinidad, densidad aparente y pH. Aunque los dos manglares de borde presentan características físico-bióticas similares, la alteración antropogénica cambia fuertemente la estructura de uno de ellos. Se ha concluido que la distribución de las especies de manglar de la bahía responde a la variación espacial de las características ambientales. Sin embargo, la intervención antropogénica es una variable determinante en la estructura de los manglares lo cual afecta las estimaciones del papel de diferentes tipos de manglar como sumideros de carbono.&lt;/p&gt;

Erosion Effect of Rainfalls on Loess Plateau Soil and Its Experimental Researches

Based on the theoretical analysis on the rain erosion force index, this study researched the rainfall characteristics in Yangling loess area and its erosion on slope land. It chose the large runofi observation fleld in Yangling City which located in Shanxi Province in western Loess Plateau of China, as the experimental subject. Meanwhile, the fleld measurements from 2009 to 2013 were adopted as the experimental data. The results show that the magnitude and direction of the wind afiect the splash erosion angle between raindrop and ground during the rainfall in Loess Plateau region. That is, the values of cos(µ + ∞) greatly afiect the erosivity. In the Loess Plateau region, the rainfall intensity and raindrop kinetic energy have the most signiflcant impact on the splash erosion. The rainstorms usually have high energy. So the erosivity of Loess Plateau rainstorm on the soil is much higher than the ordinary rainfall. At the same time, the Loess Plateau region rainfalls have obvious monsoon rain characteristics, causing the concentrated time distribution of sloping fleld soil erosion. The rainfall in July and August is 52.7% of the rainfall during the total research time from May to September, and the erosive rainfall is 69.1% of it. The erosion amount in July and August is 77.4% of the annual erosion. The experiments show July and August are the critical period to control water and soil erosion.

Effects of anisotropic β-Sn alloys on Cu diffusion under a temperature gradient

The diffusion mechanism of Cu in a thin layer of Sn–3.5Ag sandwiched between two Cu foils was systematically investigated under a temperature gradient of 2200°Ccm−1. Experimental observation and theoretical derivation reveal that the microstructural evolutions induced by thermomigration are significantly affected by the tetragonal anisotropy of Sn. The thermomigration flux of Cu increased with the squared value of cos α, the angle between the c-axis of the Sn grain and the temperature gradient. When the c-axis of the Sn grain was parallel to the temperature gradient, a larger thermomigration flux of Cu was induced and the Cu atoms migrated from the hot end toward the cold end. This tended to form a prominent asymmetrical microstructure and cause failure: serious dissolution of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and excessive consumption of Cu foil occurred at the hot end whereas abnormal accumulation of IMCs was observed at the cold end. Instead, when they are perpendicular, thermomigration would be mitigated due to the lower induced flux. No failure or symmetrical growth of IMCs was found at either interface.

Visualizing the Software Metrics of Statechart diagram using Program Slicing

This paper proposes a new technique for the measurement of ACOS and ASSOS of the Statechart diagram using Program Slicing. The Statechart diagram contains the dynamic information of the Object-Oriented system. In this research work, State Dependency Graph (STDG) is generated from the Criteria table of the Statechart diagram. Then, the STDG is dynamically sliced, which results easy understandability of statechart diagram for an effective communication among the developers. These slices can be further used to measure accurate ACOS represents cohesion & ASSOS represents coupling, from values of COS and SS respectively. The objective of this new approach is to measure the accurate results of ACOS and ASSOS in contrast to the previous research. General Terms Criteria Table, state dependency graph, dynamic slicing.

Spectral data for doubly excited states of helium with non-zero total angular momentum

A spectral approach is used to evaluate energies and widths for a wide range of singlet and triplet resonance states of helium. Data for total angular momentum L=1,…,4 is presented for resonances up to below the fifth single ionization threshold. In addition, the expectation value of cos(θ12) is given for the calculated resonances.

Implementasi Mikrokontroler Sebagai Pengendali Kapasitor Untuk Perbaikan Faktor Daya Otomatis pada Jaringan Listrik

With increasing electricity rates, the demands of efficiency in electric power consumption is a major consideration. Efficient use of electric power is affected by many factors. Among them is the quality of electric power. Power quality is strongly influenced by the use of certain types of expenses that resulted in the decline of efficiency. In the distribution of electric energy there are several problem sencountered include the voltage drop, low cos Φ, and the loss of power. Load on the network load distribution can be either capacitive or inductive, but in general is an inductive load. If the inductive reactive load the higher the voltage drop will produce a zoom in, zoom power loss, cos Φ lower and lower distribution of power capacity. To reduce the inductive reactive power load required capacitive reactive power sources, one of which is to be installed in parallel capacitors. In this study will be designing and manufacturing tools for controlling capacitor banks according to cos φ m, so that power quality will be better. From the results of this research tool was able to detect the value of voltage, current,and cos φ. The resulting values of the three sensors is quite good. This tool is able tocontrol the capacitor bank in accordance with the value of cos φ meters.

RECOGNITION OF SMILING FACES USING NEURAL NETWORKS AND SPCA

Research on "man-machine interface" has increased in many fields of engineering and its application to facial expressions recognition is expected. The eigenface method by using the principal component analysis (PCA) is popular in this research field. However, it is not easy to compute eigenvectors with a large matrix if the cost of calculation when applying it for time-varying processing is taken into consideration. In this paper, in order to achieve high-speed PCA, the simple principal component analysis (SPCA) is applied to compress the dimensionality of portions that constitute a face. A value of cos θ is calculated using an eigenvector by SPCA as well as a gray-scale image vector of each picture pattern. By using neural networks (NNs), the difference in the value of cos θ between the true and the false (plastic) smiles is clarified and the true smile is discriminated. Finally, in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed face classification method for true or false smiles, computer simulations are done with real images. Furthermore, an experiment using the self-organisation map (SOM) is also conducted as a comparison.