Value Of Biochemical Parameters Research Articles

Biomarkers of endothelial damage and their role in predicting the development of sepsis and septic shock

Introduction. Sepsis is multiple organ dysfunction in response to the generalization of an infectious process. The likelihood of developing sepsis correlates with the value of biochemical parameters, which can serve as prognostic markers. The endothelium, as the structural basis of the circulatory system, is primarily exposed to pathogenetic factors, performing a protective function. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of assessing the diagnostic and prognostic effectiveness of molecular markers of endothelial damage in the development of inflammation, sepsis and septic shock. Material and methods. The literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed/Medline, Elsevier.com., ResearchGate, RSCI/elibrary, over the past ten years. Results. Using keywords, 215 articles were found and analyzed, from which 70 of the most significant and reliable sources were selected. It was concluded that it is necessary to develop a panel of markers of endothelial damage, which together will provide high reliability and specificity for assessing the risk of developing sepsis and septic shock.

The value of kidney biochemical parameters in diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in chickens

The value of kidney biochemical parameters in diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in chickens

Study on the Relationship and Predictive Value of First-Trimester Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A, Maternal Factors, and Biochemical Parameters in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Large Case-Control Study in Southern China Mothers.

To investigate the relationship and predictive value of first-trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), maternal factors, and biochemical parameters with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in southern China mothers. This study recruited 4872 pregnant women. PAPP-A, the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (free β-HCG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL) were measured at 11-13+ weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed based on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. We performed stepwise logistic regression analysis to determine the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of GDM. We used Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves with the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the predictive value of PAPP-A, maternal factors, and biochemical markers. The significance of the differences between the AUC values was assessed using the DeLong test. GDM was diagnosed in 750 (15.39%) women. Independent factors for GDM were age, pre-gestational BMI, GWG before a diagnosis of GDM, previous history of GDM, family history of diabetes, FPG, TG, LDL, PAPP-A, and TC. The AUC of PAPP-A was 0.56 (95% CI 0.53-0.58). The AUC of a model based on combined maternal factors, biochemical markers, and PAPP-A was 0.70 (95% CI 0.68-0.72). Differences in AUC values between PAPP-A alone and the model based on combined maternal factors, biochemical markers, and PAPP-A were statistically significant (Z= 9.983, P<0.001). A Low serum PAPP-A level in the first trimester is an independent risk factor for developing GDM later in pregnancy. However, it is not a good independent predictor although the predictive value of a low serum PAPP-A level increases when combined with maternal factors and biochemical markers.

Blood monocyte counts as a prognostic biomarker and predictor in Chinese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

We sought to evaluate the prognostic value of blood routine parameters and biochemical parameters, especially inflammation-related biomarkers, and establish an inflammation-related prognostic model in Chinese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Patients diagnosed as IPF at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and aged 40 years and older were consecutively enrolled from June 2000 to March 2015, and finally, a total of 377 patients were enrolled in the derivation cohort. The follow-up ended in December 2016. We used Cox proportional hazard model to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and establish the prognostic model. The discrimination and calibration of the prognostic model were evaluated in an independent validation cohort enrolled from China-Japan Friendship Hospital between January 2015 and December 2019. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with elevated monocyte-to-red blood cell count ratio (MRR) and monocyte counts showed increased risk of mortality. The clinical-physiological-biomarker (CPB) index and CPB stage we established in this study were a significant predictor, and the C-index for CPB index and CPB stage in the validation cohort was 0.635 (95% CI: 0.558-0.712) and 0.619 (95% CI: 0.544-0.694), respectively. Patients in CPB stage III had the poorest survival. We developed and validated a new inflammation-related prognostic model (CPB index and CPB stage) which was integration of age, gender, FVC (%, predicted), DLCO (%, predicted), Charlson Comorbidity Index, and blood monocyte counts. This prediction model exhibited strong ability in predicting mortality in Chinese patients with IPF.

Increased Expression of Circulating Stress Markers, Inflammatory Cytokines and Decreased Antioxidant Level in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Background and Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to determine the role of oxidative markers (glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6 IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), myeloperoxide (MPO)) in the development of diabetic nephropathy along with routinely used biochemical parameters. Materials and Method: This was a case control study. All the selected patients were screened and enrolled by convenient non-probability sampling technique at the Jinnah hospital in Lahore. Informed consent was obtained before enrollment of the study subjects. A total of 450 patients enrolled in the study, and they were divided into three groups, 150 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 150 diagnosed diabetic nephropathy (DN) vs. 150 healthy individuals as a control group. Five mL of venous blood sample was taken from the antecubital vein of each participant. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. The results of all variables were evaluated by using one way ANOVA. Results: The mean value of biochemical parameters (WBCs, platelets, prothrombin time, HbA1c, glucose, urinary albumin-to creatinine ratio (UACR), triglycerides, LDL, HDL, serum creatinine, urinary albumin (creatinine)) were increased and Hb (g/dL), red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), free serum insulin levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were decreased in the nephropathy group compared to the control and type 2 diabetes groups. The mean values of MDA, AGE, and AOPPs in type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy were significantly increased compared to the control group. GSH level was decreased in type 2 diabetics and DN patients as compared to the control group. In addition, IL-6, TNFα, and MPO levels were also increased in case of diabetes nephropathy compared to controls. Conclusions: ROS mediated injuries can be prevented by the restoration of an antioxidant defense system, through the administration of antioxidant agents. Moreover, increased levels of inflammatory mediators are responsible for enhancing inflammation in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Biochemical, coronary angiographic and echocardiographic parameters in inferior acute myocardial infarction with right ventricle injury

Background: The involvement of the right ventricular (RV) myocardium in inferior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) increases the risk of complication and death rates, which makes it important to timely identify this type of myocardial infarction.&#x0D; Aim: To assess the value of functional, biochemical, coronary angiographic and ultrasound parameters in the patients in their productive age with inferior AMI, in order to identify the RV injury before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).&#x0D; Materials and methods: This cohort prospective study included 141 patients with inferior AMI and ST elevation (26 women aged up to 60 years and 115 men aged up to 65 years), admitted to the emergency of the Medical Unit of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University from 2019 to 2021. The patients past history, clinical, biochemical and ultrasound data were obtained on admission and at discharge from the hospital. The two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography was performed at days 5 to 7 after PCI. The results are given as median values and 25% and 75% quartiles (Ме [Q1; Q3]).&#x0D; Results: According to electrocardiographic signs, 41.8% (n = 59) patients with inferior AMI comprised the group with the RV injury. There were no differences in the myocardial injury biomarker levels between the groups on admission (р = 0.31 and p = 0.786, respectively). The coronary angiography showed that the index artery was the right coronary artery in 100% (n = 59) cases with the RV injury and in 67.1% (n = 55, р 0.001) of the cases without the RV injury. Proximal involvement was 2.7 more common in biventricular infarction, than in the isolated inferior one (р = 0.013). During PCI, the RV involvement significantly increased the risk of complications (in 28 (47.5%) and 18 (22.0%) of the cases, respectively, р 0.001), among them being the need in a temporary pacemaker placement (8 (13.6%) and 2 (2.4%) patients, р = 0.027). Echocardiography showed worse parameters of global and local contractility of both ventricles in the group with the RV involvement in the inferior AMI. The left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction decreased from 55% [51; 57] to 52% [47; 56] (р = 0.005); global RV deformity from -15.2% [-18.5; -13.4] to -12.3% [-15.6; -10.6] (р 0.001); total number of segments with local contractility abnormalities increased from 2 [1; 3] to 5 [3; 6] (р 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The study has confirmed that the involvement of RV into inferior LV AMI in the patients of productive age should be verified by abnormalities of electrocardiographic, biochemical, coronary angiographic and ultrasound parameters. To document the RV injury before PCI, ST elevation in additional right chest leads (V3RV4R) was most informative, whereas after PCI, it was the finding of abnormal local contractility of basal and medial inferior RV segments by two-dimensional echocardiography and decreased longitudinal RV deformation by speckle tracking.

Impact of heavy metals and biochemical parameters on specific leaf area of roadside trees in Kathmandu, Nepal

Kathmandu is seriously facing the air pollution problembecause of the rapid increase in vehicular emissions.Most commonly grown roadside trees like Populuseuroamericana, Ficus religiosa, Jacaranda mimosifolia,Grevillearobusta, Callistemon lanceolatus and Cinnamomumcamphorafrom different sites of Kathmandu werecollectedduring the winter season to measure specific leaf area(SLA), biochemical parameters and heavy metals(Cu, Pb and Zn) content. The relations among them (SLA,biochemical parameters, heavy metals) were alsostudied. Specific leaf area (SLA) ranged from 24.48±0.87cm2 g-1 to 188.08±35 cm2 g-1 and the highest SLAwas observed in Jacaranda mimosifolia (188.08±35cm2g-1). The mean value of biochemical parameters suchas total chlorophyll (TCh) ranged from 0.64mg/g inCinnamomum camphora to 1.243 mg/g in Ficus reliogiosawhereas pH ranged from 5.28 in Callistemon lanceolatusto 6.75 in Grevillea robusta. Similarly Ascorbic acidrangedfrom 4.54 mg/g in Cinnamomum camphora to8.61mg/g in Populus euroamericana and relative watercontent (RWC) from 40.02 % in Jacaranda mimosifolia to86 % in Cinnamomum camphora. Mean value of Znaccumulation ranged from 14.83 mg/kg in Ficus religiosato 71.92 mg/kg in Populus euroamericana, Cuaccumulation from 4.14 mg/kg in Populous euroamericanato 14.56 mg/kg in Jacaranda mimosifolia and Pbaccumulation from 0.05 mg/kg in Populus euroamericanato 22.47 mg/kg in Callistemon lanceolatus. Pb andCu accumulation at phytotoxic concentrations in leavesshowed negative impact on SLA.

Glucose and leukocyte esterase levels are possible biomarkers for bacterial septic arthritis.

The objective of the study was to determine the added value of synovial fluid (SF) glucose levels and other biochemical parameters as possible biomarkers of bacterial septic arthritis (SA). We prospectively examined adult patients with SA. As a control group, adults with uninfected joints were enrolled. SF samples were obtained, and microbiological analyses were made. SF glucose levels, pH, and leukocyte esterase were measured using a glucometer and colorimetric test strips. Blood samples were collected from both groups to determine glucose levels. We included eight subjects with knee ligaments lesions, six with meniscus lesions, and five with osteoarthritis as the control group, as well as 20 patients with SA. SF culture was positive in 60%. SF glucose levels from patients were lower than the controls (p = 0.0018) with the lowest concentration in patients with a positive culture (p = 0.0004). Blood and SF glucose concentration from the positive culture patients were compared (p < 0.0001). Leukocyte esterase presented the highest values in patients with a positive culture (p < 0.0001) and a more acidic pH was found compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). These biochemical parameters might be a quick and inexpensive added value for distinguishing between infective and non-infective joint disease.

Prognostic value of biochemical parameters among severe COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in South Africa

BackgroundData on biochemical markers and their association with mortality rates in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. An evaluation of baseline routine biochemical parameters was performed in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, in order to identify prognostic biomarkers. MethodsDemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected prospectively from patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the adult ICU of a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, between October 2020 and February 2021. Robust Poisson regression methods and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to explore the association of biochemical parameters with severity and mortality. ResultsA total of 82 patients (median age 53.8 years, interquartile range 46.4–59.7 years) were enrolled, of whom 55 (67%) were female and 27 (33%) were male. The median duration of ICU stay was 10 days (interquartile range 5–14 days); 54/82 patients died (66% case fatality rate). Baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (adjusted relative risk 1.002, 95% confidence interval 1.0004–1.004; P = 0.016) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (adjusted relative risk 1.0004, 95% confidence interval 1.0001–1.0007; P = 0.014) were both found to be independent risk factors of a poor prognosis, with optimal cut-off values of 449.5 U/l (sensitivity 100%, specificity 43%) and 551 pg/ml (sensitivity 49%, specificity 86%), respectively. ConclusionsLDH and NT-proBNP appear to be promising predictors of a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients in the ICU. Studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the validity of this combination of biomarkers.

Informative Value of Microbiological and Biochemical Parameters for Soil Monitoring in Organic Farming

Informative Value of Microbiological and Biochemical Parameters for Soil Monitoring in Organic Farming

Прогностическое значение исходных гематологических и биохимических параметров у больных раком шейки матки с поздними лучевыми осложнениями при цисплатинсодержащей химиолучевой терапии

Актуальность. Рак шейки матки (РШМ) является одной из самых распространенных форм злокачественных новообразований у женщин. Согласно прогнозам Global Cancer Observatory, к 2050 году заболеваемость указанной нозологией вырастет вдвое и достигнет 1 млн новых случаев в год. Цель: провести сравнительный анализ клинико-лабораторных показателей пациенток с поздними радиационными осложнениями и без них после комбинированного химиолучевого лечения с применением цисплатина по поводу рака шейки матки. Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 92 историй болезни пациенток, распределенных на две группы: основная (44 пациентки) — больные с поздними лучевыми осложнениями (ПЛО) после цисплатинсодержащей химиолучевой терапии (ХЛТ) и контрольная (48 пациенток) — больные без отсроченной радиационной токсичности после аналогичного лечения. Результаты. Анализ гематологических показателей пациенток показал, что у больных РШМ с ПЛО после ХЛТ до лечения отмечались более низкие количества тромбоцитов на 21,2 % (р = 0,002) и лейкоцитов на 17,4 % (р = 0,07), а также ниже скорость оседания эритроцитов на 16,7 % (р = 0,2) относительно показателей пациенток контрольной группы в аналогичные сроки исследования. Привлекают внимание и высшие значения исходных показателей АлАТ и АсАТ у больных РШМ с ПЛО на 6,7 % (р = 0,3) и 5,8 % (р = 0,06) соответственно относительно показателей пациенток контрольной группы. Характеризуя показатели свертывающей системы крови на фоне ХЛТ больных РШМ, авторы установили, что у больных с ПЛО отмечено статистически достоверно (р = 0,01) выше на 23,4 % активированное парциальное тромбопластиновое время (38 [35; 40] с), а также выше на 11,6 % (р = 0,09) время свертывания относительно показателей больных без ПЛО в те же сроки исследования. Выводы. У больных РШМ при проведении цисплатинсодержащей ХЛТ прогностическими маркерами поздней лучевой токсичности является ослабление отдельных звеньев сосудисто-тромбоцитарного гемостаза. Со стороны биохимических показателей у больных РШМ прогностически неблагоприятными по развитию различных лучевых осложнений у больных после цисплатинсодержащей ХЛТ являются высшие значения печеночных ферментов.

Biochemical markers of coronary atherosclerosis: building models and assessing their prognostic value regarding the lesion severity

Aim. To assess the individual and complex prognostic value of various blood biochemical parameters (biomarkers) in the non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery (CA) atherosclerosis.Material and methods. The study included 216 patients (men, 115; women, 101) aged 24 to 87 years (mean age, 61,5±10,7 years), who underwent indicated coronary angiography. All patients underwent a biochemical blood tests to determine the parameters of lipid, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, the hemostatic system, inflammatory markers, as well as the creatinine level as an indicator of renal function.Results. Analysis revealed biomarkers, the deviations in the level of which contribute to the diagnosis and determination of the coronary involvement. These biomarkers include glucose, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin. Using these biochemical parameters, a multivariate model (MVM) was constructed, which was significant for the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis and determination of its severity. With the help of ROC-analysis, the cutoff point of MVM of 2 was found. MVM &gt;2 with a sensitivity of 72% indicate CA atherosclerosis of any severity, as well as with a specificity of 62,5%, it can be ruled out. Using MVM data and a cutoff point of 2, a binary logistic regression model was built, according to which, with a MVM &gt;2, the odds for detecting CA atherosclerosis of any degree is 2,1 times higher (95% confidence interval (CI), 1,2-3,8; p=0,010), severe CA — 4,7 times (95% CI, 1,9-12,0; p=0,001) compared with individuals with MVM ≤2, who have 2,8 times (95% CI, 1,4-4,9; p=0,002) a higher chance of detecting intact CAs.Conclusion. Thus, the total MVM score of 0-2 indicates the absence of coronary atherosclerosis, while 3-4 points -CA atherosclerosis of any severity.

Prognostic Value of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Mother and Newborn Calf for Bronchopneumonia Risk Assessment in Neonatal Calves

Prognostic Value of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Mother and Newborn Calf for Bronchopneumonia Risk Assessment in Neonatal Calves

Evaluation the Level of Interleukin 2 and 6’ Receptors in Hepatitis-C Patients in Wasit Province / Iraq

Viral hepatitis type C, is a disease happened due to entering of Hepatitis C virus the body and reaching theliver. It will multiplication and stimulates the patient’s immune system to attack the infected cells, thereforewill caused the liver inflammation. Our study included (35) HCV patient’s blood samples and had beencompared with (30) control’s blood samples. When the interleukin 2 receptors’ and interleukin 6receptors’level and some of a biochemical test (ALT, AST, ALP, TSB) had been measured. We observed a significantincreasing (P&lt;0.05) in the value of biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, TSB) of patients compared tohealthy. Also there was a significant increasing (P&lt;0.05) in Interleukin 2&amp;6 receptors in patients comparedto healthy. From the results a presence of a direct correlation had been indicated between the interleukin-2receptors and (ALT, AST), and reversed correlation between Interleukin 2 receptors and (TSB, ALP)apresence of a direct correlation indicated between the interleukin-6 receptors and (ALT, TSB), and reversedcorrelation between Interleukin-6 receptors and (AST, ALP)Hepatitis C virus, HCV, Interleukin-2, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-2 Receptors, Interleukin-6Receptors, IL6, IL2, IL2Rs, IL6Rs.

Laboratory Findings In Predicting Intensive Care Need And Death Of COVID-19 Patients

INTRODUCTION: The ability to predict the course of COVID-19 is very valuable in terms of the optimal use of health resources. The aim of this study was to examine the value of biochemical and hematological parameters in the estimation of hospital stay, disease severity, and likelihood of death. METHODS: Routine blood analysis data of confirmed COVID-19 cases (n=222) were collected and analyzed. The patients were divided into 3 groups: outpatient, inpatient, and patients requiring intensive care. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the 3 groups in terms of age, lymphocyte, neutrophil, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer values. Univariate analysis for mortality revealed significant differences in neutrophil, NLR, PLR, NMR, procalcitonin, and CRP values. Multivariable logistic regression yielded significant differences in only NMR and procalcitonin values. A positive correlation was determined between the length of hospital stay and age, MPV, procalcitonin, and D-dimer values. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The neutrophil count was the most appropriate parameter to predict the need for intensive care (area under the curve: 0.782, sensitivity: 73%, specificity: 75%, with a cutoff of 4.43). The NMR and procalcitonin values were significant to predict death in multivariate analysis. Age, CRP, and D-dimer values were the parameters most associated with the duration of hospitalization.

Survival and prognostic analysis of preoperative indicators in patients undergoing surgical resections with rhabdomyosarcoma.

Several preoperative blood and biochemical parameters are associated with postoperative survival in many kinds of tumors. The aim of this study is to study the predictive value of several routine preoperative blood and biochemical parameters on the prognosis patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).We retrospectively recruited 55 patients diagnosed with RMS and had surgery at West China Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2010 and December 2018. Baseline characteristics of the patients, tumor features, surgery details, and values of several examinations were extracted. A long-term follow-up was conducted by phone call. A novel statistical analysis was subsequently carried out to look for the relationship of preoperative parameters and patients’ prognosis.The ROC analysis showed an area under curve (AUC) of 0.608, 0.620, 0.626, 0.591, and 0.518 for neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) respectively, and the cut-off value of 2.843, 162.961, and 0.239 for NLR, PLR, and MLR respectively. The survival analysis showed that certain blood and biochemical parameters could cause differences in overall survival (OS) (P = .005 for NLR, P = .005 for PLR, and P = .007 for MLR) and progression free survival (PFS) (P = .029 for NLR, P = .008 for PLR, and P = .013 for MLR).Several preoperative blood and biochemical parameters are novel prognostic factors in RMS patients. Specifically, a higher NLR, PLR, and MLR value will predict a statistically shorter OS and PFS.In the future, surgeons should care more about NLR, PLR, and MLR values and several other parameters in patients’ preoperative normal blood and biochemical tests to predict the postoperative conditions.

The value of urine biochemical parameters in the prediction of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019.

Background Among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the cases of a significant proportion of patients are severe. A viral nucleic acid test is used for the diagnosis of COVID-19, and some hematological indicators have been used in the auxiliary diagnosis and identification of the severity of COVID-19. Regarding body fluid samples, except for being used for nucleic acid testing, the relationship between COVID-19 and routine body fluid parameters is not known. Our aim was to investigate the value of urine biochemical parameters in the prediction of the severity of COVID-19. Methods A total of 119 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. According to the severity of COVID-19, the patients were divided into three groups (moderate 67, severe 42 and critical 10), and 45 healthy persons were enrolled in the same period as healthy controls. The relationship between the results of urine biochemical parameters and the severity of COVID-19 was analyzed. Results The positive rates of urine occult blood (BLOOD) and proteinuria (PRO) were higher in COVID-19 patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.05); the urine specific gravity (SG) value was lower in patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.05), and the urine potential of hydrogen (pH) value was higher in patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.01). The positive rates of urine glucose (GLU-U) and PRO in the severe and critical groups were higher than those in the moderate group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively); other biochemical parameters of urine were not associated with the severity of COVID-19. Conclusions Some urine biochemical parameters are different between patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and healthy controls, and GLU-U and PRO may be helpful for the differentiation of COVID-19 severity.

Suppression of IRE1α Attenuated the Fatty Degeneration in Parenteral Nutrition-Related Liver Disease (PNALD) Cell Model.

Aims To model the parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) in rat normal hepatocytes BRL and investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress- (ERS-) related IRE1α signal in the process of PNALD. Methods The BRL cells were treated with different concentrations of soybean oil emulsion (SO) to induce hepatocyte fatty degeneration. The PNALD cell disease model was further confirmed by analysis of Oil Red O staining and biochemical parameters. Next, the IRE1α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD. Results The results of Oil Red O staining indicated that the PNALD was successfully established in BRL cells and the CCK-8 data indicated which 0.6% that SO was further applied to the experiment owing to its better induction of PNALD and less toxicity to the cells. Besides, the value of biochemical parameters (TBIL, DBIL, ALT, and AST) was also elevated in the SO group compared with the NG group. After knockdown of IRE1α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD. Conclusion IRE1α was induced in PNALD cell model and suppression of IRE1α resulted in reduced steatosis in this cell disease model. Taken together, our data suggested that the IRE1α pathway may be involved in the development of PNALD.α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD. α signal in the process of PNALD.

Renal Changes (Structural and Functional) in The High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and The Effect of Food Restriction: An Experimental Study

Introduction and aim: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and nearly affects every organ. However, the renal changes in obesity are not sufficiently addressed. Thus we aimed to investigate the effects of high-fat diet induced obesity on the kidney and explore the effect of caloric restriction on the renal changes associated with obesity.&#x0D; Methodology: Thirty male albino rats, 160-180 g included and divided into three equal groups. The first is the control group (received nothing except normal diet). The second is the high fat diet-fed group, where rats fed on high fat diet for 12 weeks. The third group fed as the second one for 12 weeks followed by diet restriction for 6 weeks by feeding on normal chow diet. The following measurement were recorded: 1) Initial and final body weight, 2) serum value of different biochemical parameters (lipid profile, glucose, insulin, cytokines, inflammatory markers and renal function tests). Finally, kidney was extract, fixed and prepared for histopathological examination.&#x0D; Results: The final weight significantly increased in the obese than the control and diet restriction groups (421.0±17.13 versus 279.50±11.17 and 333.0±13.33 g, successively). The total cholesterol, TG, LDL, vLDL, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, IL-6, leptin, resistin, TNF-α, CRP and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, creatinine, urea, protein in urine, uric acid were significantly higher in obese than control and diet-restriction groups. However, HDL and adiponectin were significantly reduced in obese than the control and diet restriction groups. The diet restriction significantly improved laboratory values, but it remains significantly different than the control group. The correlation between weight gain with other variables and renal structural changes confirmed the laboratory results.&#x0D; Conclusion: Obesity is associated with functional and structural renal changes. The potential mechanisms involve inflammation, lipotoxicity and perhaps other unknown mechanisms. Weight reduction constitutes the most effective intervention to guard or treat obesity-associated chronic kidney disease.

The effects of edible oil nanoemulsions on the chemical, sensory, and microbiological changes of vacuum packed and refrigerated sea bass fillets during storage period at 2 ± 2°C

The quality of vacuum packed sea bass fillets treated with nanoemulsions based on commercial oils (hazelnut oil, corn oil, canola oil, soybean oil, olive oil, and sunflower oil) at 2 ± 2°C was evaluated by sensory, chemical (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, peroxide value, total volatile basic nitrogen, and free fatty acids), and microbiological (total psychrophilic bacteria, total Enterobacteriaceae counts, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, and total lactic acid bacteria) methods. The chemical parameters of fillets treated with the nanoemulsions presented lower values than those of the control group. Microbiological assessment correlated with sensory analyses. The use of nanoemulsions extended shelf life of fish, 4 days for canola, corn, soybean, and hazelnut oils and 2 days for olive and sunflower treatment groups. The quality of chemical, sensory, and microbiological parameters of sea bass fillets was increased with the application of oil nanoemulsions as well as their shelf life. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nanomulsions have been paid attention since they are known as ideal carrier for the delivery of lipophilic substances because of small particle size, the ease of preparation, high bioavailability, and long‐term stability. They are also proven to be self‐preserving antimicrobials due to the bound water in their structure and restricted available water to microorganisms. Nanoemulsion has been shown to extend the shelf life of different species of fish by lowering the value of biochemical parameters and also inhibiting microbial growth.