Value In Elements Research Articles

Perspectivas futuras de la biofortificación de alimentos: la asociación con microorganismos del suelo

The problem of food insufficiency and insecurity affects close to 1 billion people worldwide, frequently due to the deficiency of essential mineral elements present in food, such as iron, copper, iodine, selenium and zinc. In addition, the low fertility of soils affects the mobility of nutrients in the soil and the dynamics of plant absorption, directly influencing their production, crop quality and the inadequate nutritional balance of the population. A viable strategy to face this problem is crop biofortification, which aims to improve the nutritional status and value of crops by producing foods with high nutritional value in mineral elements that are deficient in the diet of the world's population. This review article is an analysis of what biofortification implies, its current context and the initiatives of international programs, institutions and policies for the improvement of nutrition, food security and public health. The future perspectives of biofortification explored in this review revolve around the enrichment of natural compounds in vegetables and fruits, as well as the feasibility of biofortification of alternative crops due to their profitability, nutritional value and their good acceptance in the market for human consumption. The analysis of future perspectives and recent advances in this lines of research, focused on obtaining strategies that increase mineral absorption and bioavailability in the plant to achieve greater benefit, the practice of applying soil microorganisms (arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant growth promoting bacteria) is emerging as the strategy with greater accessibility to the farmer at all levels of production, cost reduction and increased yields, while improving various nutritional characteristics of food.

CARACTERISATION PHYSICO-CHIMIQUE ET MICROBIOLOGIQUE DES BOUES DE VIDANGE DESHYDRATEES ET DES DECHETS SOLIDES MENAGERS ORGANIQUES POUR UNE VALORISATION EN COMPOST AGRICOLE

In the city of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso, faecal sludge treatment plants suffer from the lack of a process for recovering sludge after drying. Forsolid household waste, the quantities collected are mainly intended fortechnical landfill. Finding a solution for the recovery of Dewatered Faecal Sludge (DFS) and Organic Household Solid Waste (OHSW) is necessary in order to complete the faecal sludge management and solid waste management sectors. Our work aims to make a physico-chemical, microbiological and eco-toxicological study of a compost based on DFS and OHSW in order to propose a methodological approach for the sustainable production of hygienic compost. This article discusses the first step of our research, which consisted in characterizing the DFS at the Zagtouli treatment station as well as the OHSW of waste treatment and recovery center of Ouagadougou in order to identify a suitable recovery channel. To do so, a representative sample was taken from the Zagtouli DFS heap for laboratory analysis. The OHSW sample was obtained from household garbage bins from pre-collection centers in the city of Ouagadougou. The raw characteristics of DFS and OHSW (organic matter, nitrogen, pH, etc.) and their value in mineral elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus) show that these substrates would be ideal for the production of quality compost.

Mesoscale Process Modeling of a Thick Pultruded Composite with Variability in Fiber Volume Fraction.

Pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer composites are susceptible to microstructural nonuniformity such as variability in fiber volume fraction (), which can have a profound effect on process-induced residual stress. Until now, this effect of non-uniform distribution has been hardly addressed in the process models. In the present study, we characterized the distribution and accompanying nonuniformity in a unidirectional fiber-reinforced pultruded profile using optical light microscopy. The identified nonuniformity in was subsequently implemented in a mesoscale thermal–chemical–mechanical process model, developed explicitly for the pultrusion process. In our process model, the constitutive material behavior was defined locally with respect to the corresponding fiber volume fraction value in different-sized representative volume elements. The effect of nonuniformity on the temperature and cure degree evolution, and residual stress was analyzed in depth. The results show that the nonuniformity in fiber volume fraction across the cross-section increased the absolute magnitude of the predicted residual stress, leading to a more scattered residual stress distribution. The observed gradient promotes tensile residual stress at the core and compressive residual stress at the outer regions. Consequently, it is concluded that it is essential to take the effects of nonuniformity in fiber distribution into account for residual stress estimations, and the proposed numerical framework was found to be an efficient tool to study this aspect.

Looking Into the Virtual Space: Teacher Perceptions of Online Graduate Music Education

Abstract Online study in music teacher education at the master’s degree level has existed for more than a decade, with hundreds of music teachers pursuing professional development or completing their graduate degrees in this format. The purpose of this study was to examine music teachers who have and who have not participated in online graduate music education regarding their perceptions of these programs. The conceptual theory known as connectivism (Siemens, 2005), highlighting properties of Autonomy, Diversity, Interactivity, and Openness, guided data collection and analysis. We used a quantitative survey method through a researcher-developed instrument. Distributed nationally, 807 (2.1%) respondents offered their perspectives, with analysis via rank order, correlation, and confirmatory factor analysis linked to the theoretical framework. Results suggest that teachers find value in elements of online education that include content, pedagogy, convenience and flexibility, professional development, and career advancement. With regard to the facets of connectivism, Autonomy contributed the largest amount of variance followed by Diversity, Interaction, and Openness. The results of this study warrant consideration as distance music education in graduate settings will likely continue to grow in the coming years.

Spent coffee grounds improve the nutritional value in elements of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and are an ecological alternative to inorganic fertilizers

The element concentration in lettuces grouped in 5 categories (baby variety, cultivated in agricultural soils with low or high percentages of spent coffee grounds-SCG, without SCG and with NPK) were measured. Lettuces cultivated in agricultural soils amended with SCG had significantly higher levels of several essential (V, Fe, Co, V, and probably Mn and Zn) and toxic elements (Al and probably As), without reaching their toxicological limits. Additionally, blocking of N uptake and therefore plant biomass, and probably Cd absorption from agricultural soil was observed. Organic farming with SCG ameliorates element concentrations in lettuces vs. NPK fertilization. The linear correlations among element uptake and the amendment of SCG could be related with their chelation by some SCG components, such as melanoidins and with the decrease in the soil pH. In conclusion, the addition of SCG produces lettuces with higher element content.

Влияние внутрискважинного компенсатора на падение напряжения в элементах электротехнического комплекса добывающей скважины

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью определения требуемого напряжения на выходе питающего трансформатора с учетом компенсации реактивной мощности внутри скважины, с целью предотвращения аварийных ситуаций в процессе эксплуатации установок электроцентробежных насосов. Цель исследования: оценить изменение величины падения напряжения в токопроводящих элементах электротехнического комплекса установки электроцентробежного насоса для добычи нефти при использовании внутрискважинного компенсатора реактивной мощности. Объект исследования: электротехнический комплекс установок электроцентробежных насосов для добычи нефти. Методы. При разработке математической модели электротехнического комплекса погружной установки для добычи нефти использованы положения теоретических основ электротехники, корректные допущения при составлении математических моделей и компьютерное моделирование в программном пакете символьной математики Wolfram Mathematica. Результаты. Разработана схема замещения и математическая модель электротехнического комплекса установки электроцентробежных насосов с внутрискважинным компенсатором реактивной мощности. С помощью качественной векторной диаграммы напряжений и токов в ветвях и узлах схемы замещения показано распределение величин падений напряжений на элементах комплекса. Анализ векторной диаграммы показал, что внутрискважинный компенсатор уменьшает продольную и поперечную составляющие падения напряжения, что положительно влияет на режим работы установки для добычи нефти. Получены поверхности требуемого напряжения на выходе питающего трансформатора в зависимости от мощности погружного электродвигателя для различных длин и сечений кабельной линии. Установлено, что использование внутрискважинного компенсатора позволяет уменьшить падение напряжения в токопроводящих элементах электротехнического комплекса установки для добычи нефти до 50 В.

The In:tuition life skills and alcohol education programme: results from two cluster-randomised trials

Two cluster-randomised trials were carried out in 2013–2014, investigating the impact of In:tuition (a school-based life skills and alcohol education intervention). One involved 10–11 year olds in primary schools and the other 12–13 year olds in secondary schools. In primary schools, the outcomes measured were: resistance skills; knowledge of alcohol; decision-making skills; and understanding of social norms relating to alcohol. The secondary school trial also measured age of first alcoholic drink and frequency of drinking (among drinkers). Schools were randomly allocated to receive In:tuition or to a ‘business-as-usual’ control. A self-report student survey was administered before and after the intervention. In total, 79 primary schools and 55 secondary schools were included. ‘Intention-to-treat’ analysis was undertaken, including all students regardless of the extent of In:tuition delivery. ‘On-treatment’ analysis was also carried out, to account for differences in programme delivery. A process evaluation, involving interviews with staff and pupils in nine schools and a teacher survey, was carried out to investigate programme implementation. The primary intervention group had slightly better knowledge of alcohol than those in the control, although the results were not significant at p = 0.07. There was no evidence of impact on resistance skills, decision-making or understanding of social norms. There was no evidence of any significant impact in secondary schools. Although teachers saw some value in the individual elements of the programme, they did not always deliver it in its entirety. It was recommended that for the programme to have a positive impact in its entirety it needed fundamental revision.

METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING THE RESULTS OF MULTI– AND POLYCLONING IN THE DIGITAL IMAGES

The modern level of development of information technology and computer science makes it easy to create, modify and manipulate of the digital images, which makes the issue of organization of expertise of their integrity is extremely urgent. One of the most common and frequently used software tools for unauthorized image changes is cloning, which in practice uses a post-processing image to hide it, making it difficult to detect clones and their pre-images. The efficiency of proposed method exceeds the efficiency of modern analogues. The aim of the research is development of a method for identifying the results of cloning in the digital images that is effective under multi– and polycloning conditions with additional significant perturbations. The main analyzed object during in the examination of a digital image, the formal representation of which is nxm-matrix with elements, is (n–q+1) (m–q+1)-matrix of minimal block differences that is matched to the image after a preliminary choice of qxq-block size, the plurality of which determines the overlapping. The element of matrix determines the magnitude Bij of the smallest difference of qxq-block, which corresponded to element , from any other qxq-block of the matrix. It is established that in the case of multicloning in the vicinity of local minima which responsible to the corresponding blocks of clones and the pre-image, the elements identical in values will be present, unlike most original blocks of the digital image. It is established that the histograms of the values of the matrix elements for the corresponding pairs of blocks from the clone and pre-image regions in the case of multicloning have characteristic features compared to histograms for pairs of blocks of original digital image’s regions: the maximum per-pixel difference in the first case is smaller than in the second; for the original digital image’s blocks the histogram mode is usually different from the "conditional zero" (the corresponding histogram column does not include zero elements R).The allowance for the revealed features of the neighborhoods of the local (global) minima of the matrix G and the histograms of the values R, it is possible to determine the corresponding blocks of clones and pre-images. The solution of this problem is proposed to be carried out by means of an analysis of the graph formed as follows. The blocks Bij, that belong to the domains of clones and pre-images, are associated with an unoriented graph E(V, X) with a set of vertices V and a set of edges X according to the following rule: each block Bij has a vertex with a label (i, j); the vertices (i, j) and (k, l) of the graph are adjacent, i.e. they form an edge if and only if the neighborhoods of elements gij and gkl of the same radius have the same value in the relevant elements in the matrix G. The number of connected components of the graph E(V, X) determines the number of different pre-images used in the polycloning process, and the blocks, for which the corresponding vertices fall into one connected component of the graph E(V, X), form the group “pre-image - its clones”.

Investigation and Study on the Present Situation of Enterprise Website Construction of Intellectual Property Agencies

With the help of some research tools, this paper analyzes and studies the present situation of website construction of intellectual property agencies in Beijing from the aspects of website domain name and age, website information service and website influence. The investigation shows that the comprehensive quality of websites is not high; the website influence and radiation is comparatively small, and the website utilization rate is comparatively low. The difference analysis on website construction indicates that there is no significant difference of different domain name age in page elements and website functions except download function, but there is a significant difference in Google PR value; there is no significant difference of different Google PR value in page elements and website functions except download function and search function. Based on the investigation research, this paper puts forward some reasonable suggestions in the aspects of consciousness of e-commerce and management, website information and service construction, SEO strategy and implementation.

Finite entanglement entropy from the zero-point area of spacetime

The calculation of entanglement entropy S of quantum fields in spacetimes with horizon shows that, quite generically, S (a) is proportional to the area A of the horizon and (b) is divergent. I argue that this divergence, which arises even in the case of Rindler horizon in flat spacetime, is yet another indication of a deep connection between horizon thermodynamics and gravitational dynamics. In an emergent perspective of gravity, which accommodates this connection, the fluctuations around the equipartition value in the area elements will lead to a minimal quantum of area, of the order of L_P^2, which will act as a regulator for this divergence. In a particular prescription for incorporating L_P^2 as zero-point-area of spacetime, this does happen and the divergence in entanglement entropy is regularized, leading to S proportional to (A/L_P^2) in Einstein gravity. In more general models of gravity, the surface density of microscopic degrees of freedom is different which leads to a modified regularisation procedure and the possibility that the entanglement entropy - when appropriately regularised - matches the Wald entropy.

Petrogenesis and Geological Implications of the Tianheyong Cenozoic Basalts, Inner Mongolia China

The Tianheyong basalts are basanites, which at least can be subdivided into three types of mineral assemblages. In general, the Tianheyong basalts are characteristics of low silica ( w(SiO 2)=43.97%–45.68%), enriched alkali ( w(K 2O+Na 2O) =5.91%–7.65%), enriched potassium ( w(K 2O)=2.04%–2.89%), high contents of titanium ( w(TiO 2)=2.18%–2.37%), high magnesium value (Mg #=68–76), and high contents of REE (ΣREE=(246.62–329.82)×10 −6). The chondrite normalized patterns of REE show right inclined smooth lines, extremely enriched in LREE, significantly fractionated from LREE and HREE, without obvious anomaly of Eu (δEu=0.90–1.02) and Ce (δCe=0.96–1.00), and the high enrichment of incompatible elements, especially, the peak value in high field strength elements (HFSE) of Nb, Ta, and Th indicate the OIB-like distribution patterns of multi-elements. The Tianheyong basalts are also high in compatible elements: Co ((39.1–48.9)×10 −6), Ni ((130–257)×10 −6), and Cr ((138–320)×10 −6). All of the above characteristics as well as the low degree of crystallization, the abundance in peridotite inclusions, and minor amount of xenocrysts, and the variation trend of elements indicate that the basalts were solidified from primitive basaltic magma. Trace element ratio of Ba/Rb (12–35) and variation of alkali metals might indicate the metasomatism of fluids in a source region of enriched lherzolites. Petrogenesis simulation indicates that the Tianheyong primitive basaltic magma might be the product of polybaric melting column with non-modal partial melting processes of enriched lherzolite, which straddle the boundary between garnet- and spinel-facies lherzolites. Magma might originate from low partial melting of source rocks(∼<5%), which have∼1% partial melting of garnet lherzolite and 2%–5% partial melting of spinel lherzolite. The integrative analysis indicates that the triggering mechanism of source rock partial melting might be the edge-driven convection of mantle, which results in that the Tianheyong basalts have the deepest origin depth as compared with those of eastern Jining and Hannuoba basalts.

Paul and the Jews (review)

Reviewed by: Paul and the Jews Mark Reasoner Paul and the Jews, by A. Andrew Das. Library of Pauline Studies. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 2003. 238 pp. $24.95. This is a book written within the guild of New Testament studies. It represents a small step forward within the confines of standard Christian orthodoxy on Paul's attitude toward the Jews. If one were to place this author on the map of Christian approaches to Paul's writings regarding the Jews, one could say that Das combines an acknowledgment of the new perspective on Paul with Reformed theology's "third use" of Mosaic law to provide guidelines for Christian life. The first chapter, "Paul and the Jews: A New Starting Point" (pp. 1–16), offers a reappropriation of the "new perspective" on Paul by claiming that first-century Judaism held to God's gracious election of Israel while at the same time expecting that Jews needed to keep the Torah for salvation. Das throughout the book assumes a Christian connotation for the term "salvation" as forgiveness from sins that leads to an otherworldly bliss. Das makes clear his other emphasis here as well, "When Jesus Christ revealed himself to the future apostle, Paul realized that Judaism did not offer a viable path to salvation; the path to a right relationship with God was only in Christ" (p. 12). He goes on [End Page 182] to summarize his book as an exploration of how "Paul's association of God's grace with Christ sent ripples through his entire system of thought" (p. 13). Chapter 2, "The Crisis in Galatia: Salvation in Christ and the Mosaic Law" (pp. 17–48), begins with the question of "whether Paul sees saving value in the gracious elements of Judaism, that is, in its covenant(s) and elect identity" (p. 17). After a traditional reading of the letter as Paul's response to other Jewish followers of Jesus who sought to bring the Galatian believers under the Torah, the answer to this question is that "one looks in vain for any reference to the atoning sacrifices of Judaism or to a reconciliation with God apart from Christ" (p. 46). Chapter 3, "The Situation at Rome: The Law-Observant and the Non-Law-Observant" (pp. 49–77), offers the picture of Roman Christians composed mainly of Gentiles. Paul's section on "the strong" and "the weak" in Romans 14:1–15:6 is Paul's call for Gentile believers in Jesus to allow other Jesus believers in their churches to continue to follow Mosaic law. Das admits that the history of the Christian church's relationship with Jews would have been better if later Christians had followed Paul's counsel in this section of Romans (p. 77). Chapter 4, "The Messiah and Israel's Election in Romans" (pp. 78–113), is a chapter devoted to that section of Romans in which Paul addresses what he perceives as the problem of Israel's unbelief in Jesus as Messiah. It is certainly more cognizant of the emphasis Paul places on Israel's continuing claim to the divine covenants than Christian theologians have been in past centuries, but still unbending in its Christo-centric reading: "The apostle firmly maintains Israel's election (11:25–26) while he at the same time also emphasizes the necessity of faith in Christ" (p. 113). Chapter 5, "Israel's Priority among the Nations" (pp. 114–40), argues from Romans 11:11–26, chapters 3–4 of Galatians and 1 Thessalonians 2:14–16 that Israel still remains an elect nation. Das writes, "Israel's sinfulness has delayed the end of the world and the culmination of the ages. Their rejection has opened a window for the Gentiles that will close once Israel repents and is restored. With the repentance of Israel, the end will come" (p. 117). While not stated explicitly, Das's view that Israel as a nation has been sinful made me wonder if he holds to an instrumental understanding of Israel's election (p. 122). This concerns me, since other NT scholars move in a supersessionist way from such an understanding to say that Jesus has replaced what Israel was supposed to...