Collectivist Values Research Articles

Qualitative Study on the Use of Red Scarves by Young Pioneers

The Chinese Young Pioneers is a grassroots mass organization specifically established for Chinese children and youth, with the main goal of guiding them to learn the core values of communism and striving to shape them into active contributors and successors to the future socialist and communist cause. The red scarf, as a symbol of the Young Pioneers, carries glorious historical memories and serves as a distinct identity symbol for its members, which should be properly cherished. Wearing a red scarf not only enhances the organizational identity and sense of belonging of Young Pioneers, but also plays a positive role in promoting their understanding and acceptance of collectivist values. The red scarf is not only an external unified form, but also carries the deeper meaning and value of education. This study focuses on the phenomenon of abnormal and standardized behavior in the use of red scarves by young pioneers in the current context of ethnic minority areas in China. By observing and analyzing the specific usage of red scarves by Young Pioneers in ethnic regions, the aim is to reveal the multiple factors that lead to the improper use of red scarves and explore the complex socio-cultural roots behind it. Further propose relevant strategies from an educational perspective to standardize the use of red scarves by Young Pioneers, aiming to promote the comprehensive improvement of Young Pioneers' educational practices, and hoping to stimulate extensive thinking on how to optimize Young Pioneers' educational methods.

Diversity of collectivist value and innovative trait in teams: team learning and training implications

Drawing on social identity theory and action regulation theory, this study investigates how team diversity influences team performance, as the role of such diversity in shaping team performance has been relatively understudied. Empirical analyses are conducted using data from marketing-related work teams in a large industrial zone in northern Taiwan. The results indicate that team commitment positively moderates the relationship between diversity in innovative traits and team performance, while team reflexivity negatively moderates the relationship between diversity in collectivistic values and team performance. Finally, the study presents research findings, implications and practical recommendations for training based on the statistical test results.

Impact of National Culture on the Transfer of Leadership Training

ABSTRACTOrganisations invest heavily in leadership training with the hope that managers will become better leaders. However, the success of these investments depends on the extent to which managers apply the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) they have acquired during their training to their job. Without this transfer, leadership training is ineffective. Despite extensive research on training transfer, there is a notable gap in understanding how national culture influences this process. This research aims to examine the impact of national culture on managers' ability to transfer leadership KSA in light of Hofstede's cultural theory. To achieve this, the focus group method was employed to gather qualitative data from 14 managers in Jordan; seven males and seven females. Thematic and narrative analyses confirmed the impact of national culture on training transfer. The six cultural dimensions have influenced the transfer of leadership training and, to a certain extent, shaped managers' organisational behaviour, regardless of gender. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of how deeply ingrained cultural values and practices can either facilitate or impede the application of new knowledge and skills in the workplace. For instance, high power distance in Jordanian organisations hinders initiative‐taking and training transfer, while collectivist values facilitate teamwork and knowledge sharing. High uncertainty avoidance poses challenges in handling new situations, and a focus on short‐term goals reflects a lower long‐term orientation. Additionally, the narratives illustrate varying experiences and outcomes of leadership training transfer, influenced by the interplay of characters, setting, and cultural context. These insights have significant implications for designing and implementing leadership training programmes in culturally diverse settings. Practical recommendations include fostering supportive leadership, implementing mentorship programmes, developing recognition and reward systems, and incorporating change management components. By integrating these findings, organisations can enhance the effectiveness of leadership training and achieve a better return on investment.

Thriving and Striving Around the World: A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Relationship Between Achievement Goals and Flourishing

The current study examines the relationship between achievement goals (mastery-approach, performance-approach, performance-avoidance, and mastery-avoidance goals) and flourishing (emotional, social, and psychological well-being) in three countries with comparable human development but with different cultural values: USA, Japan, and the Netherlands. Previous research provided an indication for the relationships between achievement goals and well-being but does not allow to draw conclusions on these relationships across cultures. We used a comparable sample of adults (N = 919) of the three countries to examine differences between those countries in the relationship between achievement goals and well-being. Results showed that the relationships between mastery-approach goals and well-being were the same for the three countries while different relationships were found for performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals. These findings could be partly explained by the cultural value of competitiveness and collectivism.

Navigating shared decision-making after the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act: a qualitative study of in-depth interviews with terminal cancer patients, families, and healthcare professionals

PurposeEnd-of-life decision-making, particularly relating to withholding life-sustaining treatment (LST), is a complex and emotionally charged process involving healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers.MethodsThis qualitative study explored the decision-making process in South Korea, where cultural norms and ethical considerations influence the dynamics of shared decision-making (SDM). In-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers using a grounded theory approach to elucidate the themes and processes underlying SDM for LST. This study used the “6C” framework, which could reflect the intricacies of the SDM process.ResultsThe results suggest that healthcare professionals face emotional challenges and an ethical dilemma in disclosing prognoses and discussing LST withholding, often deferring such discussions until the condition of patients worsens. Cultural factors, such as collectivist values and societal taboos surrounding death, influence decision-making dynamics, highlighting the need for tailored interventions and cultural competence in healthcare settings.ConclusionThe proposed “6C” framework provides insights into addressing current challenges in SDM and emphasizes the importance of cultural norms and ethical obligations in end-of-life decision-making. Further research is warranted to examine the SDM process in diverse cultural contexts and develop interventions to enhance patient and family involvement in the decision-making process for LST.

Comparison of Higher Education in China and the U.S

Abstract: With stabilizing societies worldwide, the differences in higher education have been widely discussed. Yet, the fundamental causes remained to be studied. In this paper, influences of history and culture, admission process system, and design of curriculum in different regions have been comparatively analyzed. The paper concluded that China advocates an exam-driven system such as Gaokao as a highly effective tool for meritocracy but limits flexibility, while the U.S. adopts a decentralized and holistic approach and emphasizes diversity. These factors significantly impact students and even the whole society, including social mobility, values of collectivism and individualism, and so on. Ultimately, the paper reveals broader implications of higher education on Chinese and American students respectively, assessing from a few perspectives, including learning efficiency, formation of personality, individual future pathways, and even the nation itself. Yet, there are potential challenges in both higher education in China and the U.S., mental health issues, and a narrow view of the admission process are some examples taken into account for China, while fairness, over-flexibility, and class differentiation occurred in America.

Clinicians’ experiences of obtaining informed consent for research and treatment: a nested qualitative study from Pakistan

BackgroundInformed consent is considered to be the standard method for respecting the autonomy of individual participants in research and practices and is thought to be based on several conditions: (1) providing information on the purpose of the research or a specific treatment, what it will entail, (2) the participants being mentally competent to understand the information and weigh it in the balance, and (3) the participants to be free from coercion. While there are studies of informed consent in other countries, especially Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), this study explored the experiences of clinicians regarding the process of obtaining informed consent to participate in a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) in particular and treatment in general in healthcare settings, both general and mental health, specifically focusing on the tension between individualistic concept of autonomy and collectivist values in cultures such as Pakistan.MethodsQualitative interviews with 20 clinicians from healthcare settings in Pakistan who also served as recruiters in a suicide prevention RCT in Pakistan. The interviews were guided by semi-structured topic guide. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim.ResultsThe interviews revealed that shared decision making was more morally important than individual autonomy, the role of the family played a dominant part in the consent-taking procedure, the decision of the elder and/or family patriarch took prominence, and that clinician-researchers encountered significant challenges in consent process in Pakistan, while recruiting patients into the trial as well as during routine treatment processes in healthcare settings. Four distinct themes emerged which were (1) Family deciding for patients, (2) Benefits of involving family in consent process, (3) Gender disparity in consent process, (4) Challenges experienced by clinician-researchers during consent process in Pakistan.ConclusionsThe concept of consent is generally considered important in many cultures, however, there are two strands of understanding. There seems to be consensus that participant agreement is necessary to protect the participant but with regards to autonomy there are significant cultural differences whether it is the right for autonomy of the individual (individualistic concept) or family, community, or expert authority in other cultures. In Pakistan clinician-researchers sometimes preferred one approach and sometimes the other as they appreciated the interests of the patient to be.

Investigating the role of brand love on brand advocacy in the local eco hijab fashion industry

Purpose The study analyzes brand love in local eco-hijab fashion (LEHF) by discussing the value of collectivism, fashion consciousness, environmental value, religiosity and brand advocacy. LEHF becomes the trend pursued by consumers, so this can create market opportunities to optimize marketing strategies. The focus on LEHF in a sustainable fashion would allow local businesses to develop local values-based companies. This study uses the value attitude-behavior model to analyze data. Design/methodology/approach This research uses a quantitative survey to obtain data. The questionnaire is spread to 300 respondents with a purposive sampling approach, especially respondents who have worn LEHF. Findings This study shows that collectivism values, fashion consciousness, environmental values and religiosity influence brand love, while brand love influences brand advocacy related to LEHF. On the other hand, consumers are the target market with a fashion consciousness to follow the trend of hijab clothes. This also shows they wear clothes to fulfill religious values while prioritizing the latest styles. Research limitations/implications Since this study focuses on LEHF, this product is only relevant to hijab fashion. This takes into account the potential of Muslim-dominated Indonesian society. The fashion category can be enlarged to include more local products in future studies. A large selection of goods may promote greater use of regional interests. Practical implications For business actors, particularly micro and medium firms that are just starting to grow to support the local hijab fashion industry company, this research has managerial implications. This presents a chance for business actors to improve the local economy and opens doors for establishing more employment possibilities. The growth of the regional hijab fashion market offers an opportunity to satisfy the demands of customers who favor regional goods. Brand love in LEHF may foster business revenue growth and help local firms compete favorably with international brands. Marketers for LEHF are anticipated to intensify their efforts to advance socialism, the environment and fashion sensibility. Additionally, LEHF marketers emphasize the importance of religiosity when promoting their products to the target population. Marketers are also aware that the study’s environment is Indonesia, which has 90% Muslim population. Marketers have an excellent opportunity to maximize this scenario. Social implications This study also had social implications. The goal of producing locally made eco-hijabs is to benefit nearby communities and the environment. This aligns with the more general objectives of ethical and sustainable fashion. Sustainable methods are used in production, such as using eco-friendly colors, water conservation and waste reduction. Sustainable manufacturing methods are designed to reduce their adverse effects on the environment and encourage ethical production. Empowerment and community engagement may be involved in the manufacturing of locally-made eco-hijabs. This can entail educating and hiring regional craftspeople or incorporating neighborhood residents in manufacturing. Originality/value The study focuses on religiosity and environmental value to further analyze its influence on LEHF. The context of the products analyzed in this study is LEHF, which prioritized local production and strengthened local wisdom through pro-environment. The study used the VAB (value, attitude, behavior) model to analyze the concept.

Transformative constitutionalism and the fault requirement of the common law of personality

This article examines the relationship between transformative constitutionalism, legal ideology, and the fault requirement in South Africa's common law of personality. It emphasises the need to balance individualistic and collectivist values in alignment with transformative constitutionalism's imperatives of personal development and social cohesion in the context of the law of personality. The ensuing analysis reveals that the current fault requirement, an exclusive reliance on intention-based liability, inadequately addresses the collectivist values crucial to transformative constitutionalism. This leads to an underappreciation of the complete constitutional social value of the human personality as a legally protected interest. The article advocates a solution within the transformative constitutionalism paradigm, proposing the horizontal application of fundamental rights and constitutional values. This approach facilitates the articulation of the comprehensive constitutional social value of the human personality, encompassing both individualistic and collectivist dimensions. In conclusion, the article calls for an adjustment of the framework of the common law of personality, recommending the introduction of negligence-based liability into the fault requirement of the actio iniuriarum. This adjustment aims to enhance the protection of the human personality while effectively balancing individualistic and collectivist values in line with constitutional imperatives.

"Nobody Knew . . . What Was Gonna Happen": Indigenous Loss and Grief During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Indigenous peoples have experienced higher rates of loss and death compared to the general population, partly due to historical loss. This qualitative inquiry focused on understanding Indigenous women's experiences of loss, grief, and death during the COVID-19 pandemic, involving 31 head-of-household Native American women from a southeastern US tribe. Reconstructive analysis of data from a community-based critical ethnography identified the following themes spanning the ecological levels of the FHORT: (a) loss of finances, (b) loss of structure and loss of self, (c) death due to COVID-19, (d) disrupted mourning and burial rituals, and (e) grief and extensive losses. Results indicate that the pandemic not only exacerbated historical loss, but interventions and models for working through grief and loss should not only be culturally tailored and promote healing across all ecological domains and include physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects, but should also address historical trauma, collectivist values, and traditional ways.

Within-Team Individual Power and Creativity: Moderating Effects of Democratic Team Leadership and Collectivistic Value

ABSTRACT Though prior research suggests that high individual power can increase individual creativity, relatively few studies have examined conditions when this positive relationship is more likely to hold. Drawing from a cognitive resource perspective and a perspective of socialized power motivation, in this study we theorize and test democratic team leadership and an individual’s collectivistic value as two moderating conditions on the relationship between an individual’s within-team individual power and his or her creativity. Using multi-source data from team members and team leaders from thirty-nine work teams, we predicted and found that within-team individual power is more positively related to individual creativity when democratic team leadership is higher. Moreover, the hypothesized positive moderating effect of democratic team leadership is stronger and more significant for individual team members with high collectivistic values. Our findings provide implications for managing employee creativity and for the responsible use of individual power in teams.

A context-sensitive collectivism during the COVID-19 pandemic: Effect on the adoption of containment measures in China and the US.

This study investigates individuals' adoption of containment measures (e.g., wearing masks) from the perspectives of cultural values and trust in two countries-China and the US. Distinguished from previous definitions that characterise cultural values as rigid and fixed concepts, this study reconceptualizes collectivism to be a context-sensitive construct. With survey data from a collectivism-prevalent culture (China, n = 1578) and an individualism-prevalent culture (the US, n = 1510), it unfolds the underlying mechanism by which collectivism influences people's adoption of containment measures in both countries. Results indicate that institutional trust serves as a significant mediator in this relationship. In both countries, individuals who hold a collectivistic value on the pandemic are more likely to endorse the adoption of containment measures. This endorsement is driven by their trust in public institutions, which stems from their collectivistic values. Additionally, slight distinctions emerge, revealing that collectivistic values directly predict the behaviours among Chinese individuals, whereas such a direct effect is not observed in the US. Practical implications will be offered.

Reinforcement learning of altruistic punishment differs between cultures and across the lifespan.

Altruistic punishment is key to establishing cooperation and maintaining social order, yet its developmental trends across cultures remain unclear. Using computational reinforcement learning models, we provided the first evidence of how social feedback dynamically influences group-biased altruistic punishment across cultures and the lifespan. Study 1 (n = 371) found that Chinese participants exhibited higher learning rates than Americans when socially incentivized to punish unfair allocations. Additionally, Chinese adults showed slower learning and less exploration when punishing ingroups than outgroups, a pattern absent in American counterparts, potentially reflecting a tendency towards ingroup favoritism that may contribute to reinforcing collectivist values. Study 2 (n = 430, aged 12-52) further showed that such ingroup favoritism develops with age. Chinese participants' learning rates for ingroup punishment decreased from adolescence into adulthood, while outgroup rates stayed constant, implying a process of cultural learning. Our findings highlight cultural and age-related variations in altruistic punishment learning, with implications for social reinforcement learning and culturally sensitive educational practices promoting fairness and altruism.

Afrocentric triple helix: A communal perspective on addressing Africa’s economic and social challenges

ABSTRACT That collaboration has always been the foundation of human development as well as the coping strategy of some animal species is a view widely shared by scholars. In fact, no individual, organization or nation can produce everything it needs without collaboration. Therefore, nations and organizations use the concept of the triple helix as a collaborative tool to find solutions for commercial and social challenges. However, the main challenge of the model when applied has always been how to ensure its sustainability and its outcomes. Central to this challenge is the rationalist paradigm adopted in its conception and implementation, especially in an African context where communal and collectivist values are features of the society. Therefore, this paper advances a different model of collaboration. The African philosophy of Ubuntu is used as the framework for the conception and application of the triple helix. Our approach is grounded on the assumption that “culture” is one of the key determining success factors in sustainable collaboration. The approach requires a change in mindset and organizational structure and culture. Our practical approach to addressing the needed change is supported by renowned scholars in management.

Values as motivating factors for representatives of generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia within the European context.

Generation Z is expected to officially surpass the Baby Boomers in the labor market by 2024 and to represent 30% of the global workforce by 2030. In the work environment, they are referred to oxymoronically as competitively ambivalent. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for this behavior and to identify initiatives that would facilitate understanding between Generation Z and other generations. The aim of the present study was to find out whether Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which lives in conditions of deepening polarization of society and differentiated opportunities (e.g., in access to education, consumption of goods and services, work and entertainment), exhibits compatible value orientation or whether significant antagonisms exist in the value system. The study utilized the referential Schwartz's theory of values, which handles universal values dynamically. This theoretical framework was extended to include the dimension of instrumental values that were contextualized in the labor market environment. The results show that the representatives of Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia prefer collective values (Benevolence and Universalism) in the first two places. However, they subsequently lean toward two individual values (Hedonism and Self-Direction). The comparison of the results in the European context showed the same values being shared by the representatives of Generation Z with preference nuances. The comparison of Generation Z representatives with members of other generations in the European context showed consistency of sharing collective values (Benevolence and Universalism). Discussion: Intergenerational value congruence, as well as knowledge of the difference in preferred values across generations (the collectivism value of Tradition shared by Baby Boomers and Generation X, and Hedonism as an individualism value shared by Generation Y and Generation Z) can help the successful integration of Generation Z representatives in the labor market. A way toward intergenerational synergy can be the recommended strategies for managing Generation Z in the context of career paths: Flexibility of development; Gamification; Mentoring.

“Nilai-nilai Bawah Tanah:” Tinjauan Antropologis Tentang Anarkisme Dalam Paradigma Cultural Studies di Kalangan Anak Muda Kota Makassar

The anarchist punk subculture started with a spirit of resistance, but unfortunately the popular culture that absorbed this subculture has caused it to lose its resistance essence. Despite its spirit, the subculture has been integrated into the very system it previously resisted. This article focuses on the ways in which young people in Makassar City consume "underground values" and their anarchic forms of expression in adopting these values through creativity, especially in the form of music. This research uses Critical Ethnography as a cultural research approach that uses a critical paradigm, which criticizes and offers solutions to cultural injustice, marginalization, exploitation, and subordination. The Cultural Studies paradigm highlights conflicts, interests, and power in culture. The informants in this article are young people who join a group that consumes "underground values" on a daily basis. The data collection techniques used in this research are through interviews and participatory observation used in the context of qualitative research because it allows researchers to directly observe the actions, attitudes, and atmosphere that exist. The informants in this study were determined by purposive sampling with reference to the following criteria: Young people who join subcultures that consume “subteterranean value” and express them in their daily lives. The results show that political norms and culture influence individual experiences, even encouraging adaptation to expectations that may conflict with personal desires. The transformation of subcultures and "underground values" that originally focused on resistance to the dominant culture, but later integrated into the structure of the dominant culture. The influence of the dominant culture creates alienation and inequality, limiting the freedom of individuals to shape their identity. "Underground values" are a form of alternative and counterculture to the dominant culture, reflecting strong values of collectivism and anti-hierarchy. Despite the transformation, the essence of underground values continues to criticize capitalism and conventional norms in society. This subculture continues to offer a space for expression, despite the pressures and changes that occur over time.

Impact of perceived value in virtual brand communities on purchase intention of domestic electric vehicles

The consumption value seems to be insufficient to explain consumers' domestic electric vehicle purchase behaviour, especially in a highly competitive global environment. This study aims to investigate how consumer ethnocentrism and perceived interactivity influence consumption value and pro-environmental value, subsequently affecting attitude and intention. A total of 353 valid questionnaires were collected through convenience sampling in Xuzhou, China, and the partial least square (PLS) path modelling approach was performed to test the hypotheses. The results show that consumer ethnocentrism and perceived interactivity positively influence function value, emotional value, and social value; perceived interactivity also positively influences altruistic value, biospheric value, and collectivistic value. Function value, social value, and collectivistic value positively influence attitude; however, emotional value, altruistic value and biospheric value did not find a correlation with attitude. Furthermore, attitude positively influences intention to adopt domestic electric vehicles. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations were discussed accordingly.

Discriminant analysis of ecological factors influencing sarcopenia in older people in South Korea.

This study aimed to investigate the ecological system factors that influence discrimination of sarcopenia among older individuals living in contemporary society. Data analysis included information from 618 older adults individuals aged 65 years or older residing in South Korea. To assess variations in ecological system factors related to SARC-F scores, we conducted correlation analysis and t-tests. Discriminant analysis was used to identify factors contributing to group discrimination. The key findings are summarized as follows. First, significant differences at the p < 0.001 level were observed between the SARC-F score groups in various aspects, including attitudes toward life, wisdom in life, health management, social support, media availability, sports environment, collectivist values, and values associated with death. Further, service environment differences were significant at p < 0.01 level, while social belonging and social activities exhibited significance at p < 0.05. Second, factors influencing group discrimination based on the SARC-F scores were ranked in the following order: health management, attitudes toward life, fear of own death, wisdom in life, physical environment, sports environment, media availability, social support, fear of the own dying, collectivist values, service environment, social activities, and social belonging. Notably, the SARC-F tool, which is used for sarcopenia discrimination, primarily concentrates on physical functioning and demonstrates relatively low sensitivity. Therefore, to enhance the precision of sarcopenia discrimination within a score-based group discrimination process, it is imperative to incorporate ecological system factors that exert a significant influence. These modifications aimed to enhance the clarity and precision of the text in an academic context.

Как удовлетворённость жизнью зависит от типа населённого пункта?

Life satisfaction is a multidimensional indicator that is influenced by many factors. Studies of national life satisfaction factors provide adequate estimates when countries are homogeneous “macroregions” with common social, cultural, and institutional foundations. However, within large and heterogeneous national states, of which Russia is one, internal regional differences in living conditions can be significant, which means that assessments of happiness levels are dominated by various factors, including the type of human settlement and its inherent characteristics. The conducted research is deepening the understanding of the factors that have a significant impact on subjective life satisfaction in various types of settlements in Russia - cities, towns, and villages. The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) was used as the data source. Econometric modeling is based on an ordered logit model with random effects using panel data. We discovered the high significance of subjective evaluation of wealth satisfaction, worried needs, and availability of paid vacations for all Russians, regardless of the type of settlement. The main differences in the set and degree of influence of factors lie along the line separating the values of collectivism and individualism, which are dominant in cities and villages, respectively. There is less concern about health and the possibility of job loss among rural residents reliant on the support of neighbors and family, in which men do not associate life satisfaction with the duration of the working day, and women do not associate life satisfaction with the amount of wage and maternity. In contrast, individualistically oriented residents of cities where nuclear families predominate and connections among people are weak tend to derive life satisfaction from self-realization through earnings, leisure, children, and health care.

European Family Patriarchy in the Past and Contemporary Developmental Inequalities

This paper aims to show that contemporary developmental outcomes in Europe vary with historical patterns of age and gender inequality. It builds on the authors' earlier work constructing the Patriarchy Index (PI), which measures age and gender inequality within households based on historical census data. The claimed relationships are tested in a regression framework in which the outcome variables are a set of development indicators (GDP per capita and the HDI), as well as contemporary gender equality indices such as the GII and the SIGI and survey responses from the WVS. The study shows that high scores on the PI consistently predict worse development outcomes (lower development, more gender inequality) and more collectivist values scores. To assess the channels through which this correlation works, we also examine whether the PI itself is persistent, and find that the historical PI is also generally associated with important facets of patriarchal behaviour in the present. Overall, while our study cannot infer causal relationships, our results provide evidence that familial patriarchal patterns at the grassroots of society may be one of the variables associated with contemporary cultural and developmental divergences in Europe.