Theory Of Value Change Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence (AI), The Media And Security Challenges In Nigeria

The topic of this study titled ‘Artificial Intelligence (AI), the media and security challenges in Nigeria’ is a theoretical paper. To carry out this study phenomenological method in qualitative research was used. The work was guided by three (3) objectives, one of which is to ascertain the role of the media in awareness creation on artificial intelligence. Two (2) theories namely: agenda setting theory and value change theory were used. The paper delved into - application of AI in emerging terrorist sophistication, role of the media in information dissemination, challenges of deploying AI to curb the excesses of herdsmen and Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. Four (4) recommendations were proffered, one of which was that the media should continue to create awareness on the use of AI in combating farmers/herders conflicts and Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria.

The impact of changing values on life satisfaction and happiness in Turkey

The present study aimed to identify the determinants of life satisfaction and happiness in Turkey with a special focus on value orientations. For this purpose, data that were collected as a part of the World Values Survey in 1990, 1996, 2001, 2007, and 2012 were used. The findings revealed that levels of life satisfaction and happiness had changed across time. Additionally, the findings indicated that Inglehart's theory of value change is not valid for Turkey. Turkish people tended to demonstrate a materialistic value orientation across the last two waves of the survey. The analytic results of ordered logit models also supported the existence of a significant relationship between value orientations and subjective well-being. The present results suggest that postmaterialists are more satisfied with their lives than materialists who ascribe importance to only traditional economic concerns.

The impact of changing values on life satisfaction and happiness in Turkey

The present study aimed to identify the determinants of life satisfaction and happiness in Turkey with a special focus on value orientations. For this purpose, data that were collected as a part of the World Values Survey in 1990, 1996, 2001, 2007, and 2012 were used. The findings revealed that levels of life satisfaction and happiness had changed across time. Additionally, the findings indicated that Inglehart's theory of value change is not valid for Turkey. Turkish people tended to demonstrate a materialistic value orientation across the last two waves of the survey. The analytic results of ordered logit models also supported the existence of a significant relationship between value orientations and subjective well-being. The present results suggest that postmaterialists are more satisfied with their lives than materialists who ascribe importance to only traditional economic concerns.

Status Quo or Pluralism? Dominant Party Rule and People's Preferences in Singapore

This article aims to examine three prevailing theories of political change—modernization theory, new structuralist theory, and value change theory—by examining the case of Singapore. The article focuses on the effects of three socioeconomic and demographic attributes—education, income, and generation—on people's preferences regarding dominant party rule. Using data from postelection surveys conducted in 2011 and 2015, this empirical examination shows that income has a significant effect—primarily that persons with lower income show stronger support for the status quo. The younger generation born into the already well‐developed economy after the country's independence supports greater pluralism, in contrast to the older generation born before its independence. Higher levels of education also enhance positive perceptions of political pluralism, but at a weak level of significance. These results are consistent with the predictions of modernization theory and value change theory, but are not directly consistent with those of new structuralist theory.

When Values Change Values: Assessing how Social Media Changes Nigerian Youth Communication Patterns and Values

The study examined how social networking sites with alien values changed Nigerian youth communication patterns (values). It adopted library research design. Secondary data were generated for the study. The study found that social media has a set of alien values which include the speech patterns, slang, gossips, rumours, nude pictures, sexual assault, sexually explicit materials, sexual violence, social interactions, behaviour, dressings, and general worldview. Through using these social networking sites, individuals generate, manipulate and create contents for conversations among themselves. This communication and conversation move from person to person and group to group in a virtual setting devoid of any regulation, censorship or interference. This study is anchored on value change theory. This theory challenges the people to test their own values against those of others, which are presumed to be socially more acceptable. Keywords : Value Change, Social Media, Nigerian Youth, Communication Patterns

Research Development from Acceptance to the Meaning of Acquired Disability in People with Impaired Mobility in Japan

AbstractJapanese studies examining psychosocial issues in people with acquired mobility‐related disabilities have been developed under the influence of rehabilitation psychology theories, such as the theory of value change and stage theory, established in theUnitedStates. InJapan, the combination of disability acceptance and stage theory is distinctive, focusing on the occurrence of depression. These psychosocial studies have been criticized, because they have placed excessive emphasis on individual factors and have underestimated sociocultural factors from a long‐term perspective. Therefore, researchers have begun to examine the meanings of disabilities via qualitative analysis, as they have not assumed psychological goals, such as acceptance or adjustment. These studies have revealed that people with disabilities tend to revise the meanings of disabilities, as they lead their lives in diverse contexts with respect to coping. Stories that have involved “subjunctivizing” reality have deepened participants’ understanding of their lives and have allowed for the identification of new meanings for disabilities. These studies also value identity development in people with disabilities via relationships with those with diverse disabilities. Further studies examining the association between these results and disability welfare from a lifespan perspective are required.

The Environmental Revolution and the Supreme Court of Canada: Empirical Analysis of Postmaterialist Value Change Across Four Decades*

ObjectiveThis study examines Ronald Inglehart's theory of value change in the Supreme Court of Canada. The theory has received little attention in the public law literature, yet its central tenet suggests that intergenerational value change might influence the way that Supreme Court justices decide cases over time.MethodUsing a socio‐attitudinal model of judicial behavior, the study analyzes all environmental decisions between 1973 and 2010. Case outcomes are coded as either pro‐environmental (1) or anti‐environmental (0). Logistic regression analysis examines whether Court tenures, case facts, and judge‐level variables have a significant impact on predicting a postmaterialist outcome.ResultsWe find evidence of postmaterialist, pro‐environmental value change, with more contemporary justices exhibiting pro‐environmental positions, even in the face of rival variables.ConclusionOur results suggest that intergenerational value change has influenced decision making in Canadian environmental cases over the last 40 years, and indicate the theory may have relevance for explaining other high court change over time in a postmaterialist direction.

From Materialist to Post-Materialist Happiness? National Affluence and Determinants of Life Satisfaction in Cross-National Perspective

This paper takes the theory of value change as developed by Inglehart as a point of departure and tests its implications for the determinants of human happiness. It investigates whether the importance of post-material concerns for happiness, relative to that of materialist concerns, is indeed higher in rich post-industrial societies. Personal autonomy and job creativity serve as indicators for post-materialist concerns, the income domain as an indicator for materialist concerns. The main assumption is put against data for 48 countries from wave 5 of the World Values Survey, the most recent survey, which covers the full range from poor agrarian to rich post-industrial societies. Employing a multi-level design, the paper indeed reveals a quite consistent pattern towards post-materialist happiness as we move from poor to rich societies. This pattern seems to be driven by both a devalorization of material concerns and a valorization of post-materialist concerns, although the evidence suggests that the former trend is stronger and more linear than the latter.

Japanese “Furītā” and German “Generation Internship”: The “precarious post-materialist” as an extension to Inglehart‘s theory of value change

With a period of economic recession, rising numbers of unemployed and an increase in non-regular employment, the situation on the German and the Japanese labour market has undergone a change over the past two decades. At the beginning of the twenty-first century a generation of newcomers entered working life under changed conditions. In this paper, I will analyse whether the individual perception of worsening chances on the labour market will have an effect on the attitudes to and expectations of work prevalent amongst young entrants to the labour market drawing upon Ronald Inglehart’s theory of value change as a theoretical base. An analysis of qualitative interviews with Japanese Furītā and members of the German ‘Generation Internship’ will explore whether patterns of work values can be identified that call for an extension of Inglehart’s value concept of “materialist” versus “post-materialist”, namely suggesting the existence of a ‘precarious post-materialist’. The discussion concludes with a short analysis of quantitative data, to see whether this new value type might also be identified in a broader context.

Exploring the dynamics of customer value in cross‐cultural business relationships

PurposeA recent development in customer value research is building theory that can help the field go beyond understanding what customers currently value to exploring how customers' perceptions of value change. This paper seeks to extend this emerging theory of customer value change to a global context by conceptually exploring the role of national culture as a key moderator of this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThe literature examining the role of national culture in business is reviewed for insights pertaining to buyers' tendencies for change in general and for clues suggesting how customers' embedded values in various cultural contexts might undergo value change in systematically different ways. Specifically, this paper employs Hofstede's cultural framework to explore how the lens of national culture might influence the value change process.FindingsBased on this integrative review, several links between the cultural dimensions in Hofstede's framework and value change theory are found to be supported by the literature. These connections suggest a moderating role for national culture, given the tendency for cultural factors to shape buyers' interpretation of environmental change drivers and their resulting feelings of tension which research shows are closely associated with customers' desired value changes from suppliers.Originality/valueThis paper offers several theoretical propositions and conceptual models for future empirical validation. These new insights into an emerging theory of customer value change can provide the building‐blocks for a number of future research directions designed to help managers exercise strategic foresight for changing global markets.

Long-range experimental modification of values, attitudes, and behavior.

1. Contemporary social psychologists generally agree that a necessary prerequisite to cognitive or attitude change is the presence of a state of imbalance or inconsistency. Two major experimental methods generally employed to create such a psychological state are (a) to induce a person to engage in behavior that is incompatible with his attitudes and values and (b) to expose him to information about the attitudes or values of significant others that are incompatible with his own attitudes and values. In contrast to these two well-known methods, we have employed a third method, namely, to expose a person to information designed to make him consciously aware of states of inconsistency that exist chronically within his own value-attitude system below the level of his conscious awareness. 2. While the main theoretical focus of contemporary social psychology is on the concept of attitude and on theories of attitude change, the present focus is on the concept of value and on a theory of value change. This shift from attitudes to values is made on the assumption that values are more fundamental components within a person's makeup than attitudes and, moreover, that values are de-