Development Of Value-added Products Research Articles

A Study on Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Fortified Processed Products: Formulation and Quality Evaluation

Background: The aims of study to investigate physico-chemical properties do a proximate analysis of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.) of AN-1 variety and development of value-added products by incorporating black cumin paste and powder in various proportions. Methods: The sensory evaluation of incorporating black cumin to have value-added products was performed using hedonic scale method. Physico-chemical properties of black cumin seeds were determined in the initial stage of study. Then, the proximate analysis was performed. In the second phase, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), pH, acidity, and antioxidant activity of the developed products were determined. The antioxidant activity of prepared products was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The antioxidant activity of coriander chutney was increased from 55.75 to 57.07 by increasing the fortification of black cumin paste, and in bottle gourd, Ready To Serve (RTS) was increased from 40.73 to 42.08 as by increasing the fortification of black cumin powder. Results: It was observed that level 1% incorporation of black cumin paste and RTS was found best by judges after sensory evaluation of chutney when compared to level 2 and 3% black cumin fortified paste. However, in biscuits, black cumin powder supplemented level up to 2% was found acceptable on the basis of spread factor and hardness as compared to 3 and 4% fortification powder. It was concluded that 1% black cumin paste supplemented in coriander chutney, 1% black cumin powder supplemented in bottle gourd RTS and 2% black cumin powder supplemented in biscuits, were the best selected value- added products. Conclusion: This study revealed that black cumin seeds are a potentially rich source of phytochemicals, and regular consumption of black cumin incorporated products with added value may reduce the risk of numerous diseases.

Rapeseed—An Important Oleaginous Plant in the Oil Industry and the Resulting Meal a Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds

Rapeseeds (Brassica napus), cultivated widely as a source of oil, generate substantial by-products after oil extraction. Unfortunately, rapeseed meal is considered a waste product and as such is discharged into environment as compost or used as animal feed. However, this meal is rich in bioactive compounds (proteins, minerals, fibers and polyphenols), indicating its potential for the development of value-added products. The meal shows a higher content of minerals, total dietary fibers and proteins. Rapeseed meal contains a proportion of oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, predominately linoleic and α-linolenic acid. The amino acid proportion in the meal is higher than that in the seeds and contains essential amino acids, predominately valine. The analyses show the presence of valuable components in the cake, which makes it suitable for use in obtaining value-added products.

Contributing Factors to Quail Farming Failures in Brebes and Potential Mitigation Strategies

This study aims to identify the determinant factors leading to failure and to explore potential solutions for small-scale quail farmers in Brebes Regency. The research employs a quantitative approach, distributing questionnaires directly to 59 quail farmers in the Brebes region, including both active and inactive participants in quail farming. The questionnaire instrument is designed comprehensively to identify various factors contributing to failure in quail farming enterprises. The survey indicates that quail farmers face several major challenges, including high feed costs, low egg prices, and high quail mortality due to disease. All farmers also experience difficulties in marketing, limited capital, and threats from natural disasters. Lack of knowledge and poor farm management are additional issues, while competition with large-scale farmers makes it difficult for small-scale farmers to survive. Value-added products are considered highly profitable by all respondents. quail farmers in Brebes express a significant need for and strong support of government subsidies for feed costs, marketing assistance, training programs provided by veterinary departments, and the reinforcement of farmer organizations. Additionally, they concur that the adoption of advanced technologies, the enhancement of consumer awareness, the development of value-added products, and the expansion into new markets will contribute to greater efficiency and profitability within their operations.

A Sustainable Approach to the Comprehensive Analysis of the Nutrient Content and Phytochemical Profile of Industrial Food Waste

This research paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the nutrient content and phytochemical profile of industrial food waste, focusing on key elements including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon, and hydrogen, as well as bioactive compounds. The study involves the characterization of various types of food waste streams to elucidate their nutritional composition and bioactive compound content. Analytical techniques such as NPK analysis, carbon and hydrogen analysis, and phytochemical qualitative analysis are employed to quantify and identify the presence of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds in the waste excrement materials. Additionally, present paper explores the potential value-added opportunities through product development using extracted bioactive compounds. Perspectives from recent research that advance knowledge of industrial food waste as a valuable resource for nutrient recovery and bioactive compound extraction, thereby fostering sustainable food waste management practices and promoting the development of value-added products for various industries.

Comparative analysis of non-thermal technologies and solvent systems for the extraction and characterization of phytochemicals and antioxidants in Pandanus amaryllifolius

Pandanus amaryllifolius leaves (PAL) are known for their aroma and are also a rich source of natural phytochemicals. The purity, yield, and stability of phytochemicals depend upon the efficiency and selectiveness of the extraction method and the solvent used. In this study, the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of PAL were evaluated by using non-thermal extraction techniques, i.e., ultrasound (US) and cold plasma (CP). The extraction was evaluated using two different solvents: petroleum ether and 30 % ethanol. Face-centered central composite design was used to design the experimental parameters. The process parameters used were amplitude (30, 45, and 60 %) and treatment time (15, 30, and 45 min) for US, and voltage (10, 20, and 30 kV) and time (10, 20, and 30 min) for CP. The extraction efficiency of both the treatment methods and solvents was evaluated based on the quantification of total phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity. The damaged cell structure as observed from SEM images, confirmed the extraction of phytochemicals. The presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the extract of PAL was confirmed from the FTIR analysis, revealing its nutritional and medicinal properties. Antioxidant activity was higher in case of 30 % ethanol as compared to petroleum ether. In the case of phenolic compounds, CP along with ethanol, had higher extraction efficiency. The use of non-thermal technology along with a suitable solvent can extract phytochemicals and antioxidants from PAL that can be further utilized for value-added product development.

Sea Buckthorn: A Review on the Hidden Treasure of the Temperates

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is one of the most common yet underutilized dioecious fruit crop of the temperate region. This plant is known as the gold mine of the cold deserts due to its exceptional winter hardiness and multiple uses. It is a potential functional food which is rich in nutritional and medicinal values and holds the potential to emerge as a future food cum medicinal crop. Traditionally, the crop is used as a folk medicine, fence, wind break, firewood and fodder. The fruits are rich in tannins, flavonoids, sterols, carotenoids, tocopherols and lipids. The cultivation of sea buckthorn is low demanding and it is seen growing wild in the valleys, riverbanks, slopes and mountains in the temperate regions. Though extensive research and developmental activities are progressing, commercial cultivation and popularization of sea buckthorn is still in the nascent stage. Some of the challenges faced by the sea buckthorn industry include lack of awareness regarding its potential, its short harvest season and high moisture content that prevents the farmers from cultivating crop and also hinders development of value-added products. An enhancement in the production aspects of this crop can be a boon to the horticulture industry. Proper interventions and policies from government, standardization of production technology, production of quality planting material of promising cultivars etc. are some of the ways towards popularizing the crop.

Exploring edible insects as feed in the UK: current challenges and future prospects

Abstract Edible insects are gaining attention within the UK’s feed industry, driven by their environmental and nutritional advantages. However, the UK insect sector is still relatively new. Therefore, this study aims to explore the primary challenges and opportunities faced by insect farmers, insect-related businesses, and feed operators in the UK, with the goal of formulating strategic plans to foster the growth of the insect sector. Ten in-depth interviews from key stakeholders highlight the several benefits of insect-based feed including contributing to the circular economy, advancing value-added product development, and enhancing livestock welfare. Despite these advantages, obstacles like limited research, ambiguous regulations, production constraints, and public acceptance concerns hinder progress. The study recommends strategic solutions involving tailored regulations, financial incentives, industry collaboration, awareness campaigns, and research investments. Implementing these strategies holds the potential to nurture the expansion of UK’s insect farming industry, bolstering sustainable agri-food systems, resource efficiency, and environmental consciousness.

A Systematic Review on Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Aspects of Croton plant Codiaeum variegatum (L.)

Codiaeum variegatum (L.) known as garden croton, is a vibrant decorative plant, often identified as variegated laurel. It belongs to Euphorbiaceae, a spurge family plant with colourful leaves. Traditionally, the leaves of the Codiaeum species were used to treat a variety of ailments, including cancer, constipation, diabetes, digestive issues, external wounds, diarrhoea, fever, inflammation, intestinal worms, hypercholesterolemia, malaria, pain, ulcers, and weight loss. The juice of plant leaves induce menstruation. So, it can also be used to induce abortion. The root extract is used to relieve stomach ache and tooth ache. The leaves and shoots of the plant are reported to have varied chemical constituents like cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, cardenolides, flavonoids and steroids, which are responsible for the mentioned pharmacological activities. The goal of this article is to explore the botanical diversity, the pharmacological profile of C. variegatum as well as its chemical constituents. Variegatum (L.) is a well-known medicinal plant with nutritional and therapeutic uses, according to scientific studies. Given that, ornamental plants are an extraordinarily rich source of bioactive chemicals, more study might open the door to the development of value-added products to treat contemporary ailments.

Innovative approaches for amino acid production via consolidated bioprocessing of agricultural biomass.

Agricultural plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia yield substantial waste, necessitating proper disposal to address environmental concerns. Yet, these wastes, rich in starch and lignocellulosic content, offer an opportunity for value-added product development, particularly amino acid production. Traditional methods often rely on costly commercial enzymes to convert biomass into fermentable sugars for amino acid production. An alternative, consolidated bioprocessing, enables the direct conversion of agricultural biomass into amino acids using selected microorganisms. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the potential of agricultural biomass in Indonesia and Malaysia for amino acid production through consolidated bioprocessing. It explores suitable microorganisms and presents a case study on using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 to produce 9.56mg/mL of amino acids directly from pineapple plant stems. These findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable amino acid production methods using agricultural biomass especially in Indonesia and Malaysia through consolidated bioprocessing, reducing waste and enhancing environmental sustainability.

Nutritional Composition and Therapeutic Potential of Pineapple Peel - A Comprehensive Review.

Pineapple (Ananas comosus), the succulent and vibrant tropical fruit, is a symbol of exoticism and sweetness that captures the hearts and palates of people around the world. The pineapple peel, often considered as waste, has garnered attention for its potential applications. The pineapple peel is rich in essential nutrients, including calcium, potassium, vitamin C, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and water, making it beneficial for the digestive system, weight management, and overall balanced nutrition. It contains significant amounts of sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose, along with citric acid as the predominant organic acid. The peel also contains bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme known for its digestive properties. Studies have highlighted the pharmacological properties of pineapple peel, such as its potential anti-parasitic effects, alleviation of constipation, and benefits for individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Efforts are being made to promote the utilization of pineapple peel as a valuable resource rather than mere waste. Its applications range from the production of vinegar, alcohol, and citric acid to the development of various food products, including squash, syrup, jelly, and pickles. Further research and innovation are required to fully explore the potential of pineapple peel and establish sustainable practices for its utilization, contributing to waste reduction and the development of value-added products.

Tree tomato: Underutilized vegetable for sustainable nutritional and economic security

Tree tomato is an underutilized high-value vegetable possessing high functional value to satisfy the needs of health-conscious people. Its fruits contain a diverse range of nutrients and bioactive compounds including vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, polyphenols, anthocyanin, and carotenoids possessing potent nutraceutical properties. The presence of a wide range of bioactive compounds makes the fruits excellent antioxidative, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obese food constituents. The crop has not yet been explored to full of its potential. Germplasm conservation strategies, hybridization, micropropagation, polyploidy, genetic engineering, genome editing etc. have been successfully utilized for the development of cultivars with improved traits in many crops and can be of help for the potential improvement of tree tomatoes. Nowadays, the changing food consumption patterns have resulted in an increased interest in the consumption of tree tomatoes. Advanced technologies for the development of value-added products with minimized losses, enhanced stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, and optimization of processes to preserve the functionality of the product need the attention of the scientific community. This paper summaries the functional characterization of major bioactive compounds, improvement strategies, and the effect of processing on quality traits along with futuristic approaches for the potential improvement of tree tomatoes.

Development of value-added product from sumac fruit

Development of value-added product from sumac fruit

Optimization and Quality Evaluation of Oats (Avena sativa) Flour Incorporated Paneer

Efforts were initiated to prepare a carbohydrate, calcium and fibre rich paneer by addition of oat flour (Avena sativa). Six samples’ formulations were prepare including control paneer, (100% milk curd). The different formulations of (oats flour: milk curd) in the ratio as: sample (1:99), sample (1.5:98.5), sample (2:98), sample (2.5:97.5) and sample (3:97) to access the quality and acceptability of paneer. The experiment was designed by central composite mixture design and the obtained data was analyzed statistically by Genstat Discovery Edition 3 (DE3), for Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance version 12.1. The oats flour and milk curd for the development of value-added product, and evaluate proximate and sensory characteristics of product.
 The sensory evaluation revealed sample (1:99) was found to be best by comparing sensory score of overall acceptance given by the panelists and functional components. Crude protein, crude fat, total ash and carbohydrate of control product were found to be 41.43%, 49.7%, 4.39% and 4.44% whereas for best product the results were 40.54%, 48.97%, 4.39% and 5.92% respectively. The calcium content of best paneer and control paneer were found to be 467.08 mg/100 g and 399.12 mg/100 g respectively. The fiber contents were zero and 0.156% in control and best product sample (1:99) respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the incorporation of oats flour for the formulation of value-added paneer will be helpful for developing value-added dairy products for the developing countries.

Nutritional Evaluation of Quince Fruit of Baltistan Region and Development of Value-added Products

Introduction Quince fruit (Cydonia oblonga) belongs to the genus Cydonia, found in Skardu Gilgit Baltistan. It is found at an altitude of up to 8000 feet. It is called bahi in Urdu and shadool in Balti. Quince fruit is among the untapped fruits in Pakistan. It is highly nutritious and has great medicinal and economical value. Quince is anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and known as hypoglycemic, the fruit has a cooling effect and provides energy to the brain and heart thus its regular use maintains proper health. Methods Quince fruit value-added products were created, such as nectar and jam. Fruits purchased from Skardu were washed, graded, and inspected to remove diseased seeds and infected portions. We sliced the fruit, cooked it, and then weighed the pulp before adding sugar and other additives. All process parameters are standardized. The fruit and developed products were examined for physical, organoleptic, and chemical parameters. Results The edible portion of fruit was analyzed for proximate composition, physical parameters, and mineral content, and total sugars were found to be 9.4%, reducing sugars to be 5.8%, total soluble solids to be 12.2%, moisture to be 84.1%, and fiber to be 1.6%. The acidity is 1.25 and the vitamin C content is 19.6 mg/100 g. Fruit nectar and jam were developed and tested as value-added products. Fruit nectar contained more vitamin C (17.8) as compared to fruit jam (12.3). Total soluble solids (TSS)/brix of fruit nectar (64° B) and fruit jam (68° B) were measured. the products examined for organoleptic evaluation. Conclusion It has been determined that quince fruit is highly nutritious and can be used as a therapeutic food. The developed value-added products nectar and jam were liked very much and got the highest score; therefore, considering their nutritive value and palatability, both nectar and jam can be developed commercially for human consumption and can be used as a new source of income generation for rural communities in Gilgit-Baltistan.

Emerging Opportunities for Restructuring Livestock Products and Supply Chains in Post-COVID-19 in India: A Review

The outbreak of COVID-19 has vividly tested the resilience of the livestock sector in India. During this process, a volume of current and potential opportunities has also arisen to redesign livestock products and supply chains. The study reviewed systematic observations to enhance productivity, product quality, and traceability in the livestock sector of India. The study explored the nature of recent digitization and remote monitoring through sensors, food development, and supply chain remodelling to assess post-pandemic acceleration toward modern production and marketing channels. An extensive review of the studies revealed that the emergence of organized micro-delivery channels had created a vast market scope to modernize distribution supply chains, where real-time production chains provided seamless transmission of information among all the stakeholders. The study revealed that the Government should encourage agri-tech startups, which can play a crucial role in propagating organized and hybrid supply chains. Further, livestock value-added product development through large-scale food fortification (LSFF) can help to reduce nutritional deficiency. Therefore, the study concluded that redesigning supply chains and value-added product development in the livestock sector are crucial to inclusive and sustainable agricultural development.

Valorization of invasive plant and leaf litter wastes into biochar: Production, properties and potential for arsenic removal

Arsenic (As) is an emerging pollutant and because of its toxicity, long-term persistence, elevated mobility, and high bioavailability, it has contaminated groundwaters of countries including India, China, and USA. Recently, biochars have emerged as a promising method for remediation of As. In the present study, biochars were prepared from invasive plants and leaf/plant litter waste at 300–700 °C temperatures. Further, the study assessed the impact of these feedstocks on physico-chemical properties and As removal efficiency of biochars. Based on high yield and As removal efficiency, the ones produced at 500 °C (LCB500 for Lantana camara-based biochar and LLB500 for leaf litter-based biochar) were chosen for advanced functional, morphological, and parameter optimization studies. Biochars showed a porous surface with high stability, mineral content, and surface functionality. Batch adsorption studies showed As adsorption capacity of 5.47 mg g−1 for LCB500 (at 4 mg L−1 initial concentration, 0.6 g L−1 dosage, 25 °C, 90 min contact time, and pH 8) and 6.36 mg g−1 for LLB500 (at 6 mg L−1 initial concentration, 0.8 g L−1 dosage, 25 °C, 90 min contact time, and pH 7). Emergence and disappearance of peaks in FTIR spectra and XRD diffractograms and isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies indicated a favourable multi-layer As adsorption with participation of both physisorption and chemisorption. Under optimized conditions, biochars showed removal of >75% As from As-contaminated groundwater samples collected from Sahibganj (Jharkhand). The recycling of spent LCB500 and LLB500 showed high reusability up to five cycles. Meanwhile, inconsequential impacts of co-existing ions were observed, indicating substantial efficacy for practical environmental applications. Cost analysis demonstrated considerable techno-economic feasibility and promotion of circular economy via development of value-added products through utilisation of waste. The present study recommends valorization of invasive plants and leaf litter wastes into sustainable biochars which could be used for effective removal of As from groundwaters.

Lignin Upconversion by Functionalization and Network Formation.

Lignin, a complex and abundant biopolymer derived from plant cell walls, has emerged as a promising feedstock for sustainable material development. Due to the high abundance of phenylpropanoid units, aromatic rings, and hydroxyl groups, lignin is an ideal candidate for being explored in various material applications. Therefore, the demand on lignin valorization for development of value-added products is significantly increasing. This mini-review provides an overview of lignin upconversion, focusing on its functionalization through chemical and enzymatic routes, and its application in lignin-based polymer resins, hydrogels, and nanomaterials. The functionalization of lignin molecules with various chemical groups offers tailored properties and increased compatibility with other materials, expanding its potential applications. Additionally, the formation of lignin-based networks, either through cross-linking or blending with polymers, generates novel materials with improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. However, challenges remain in optimizing functionalization techniques, preserving the innate complexity of lignin, and achieving scalability for industrial implementation. As lignin's potential continues to be unlocked, it is poised to contribute significantly to the shift towards more eco-friendly and resource-efficient industries.

Infusion from Opuntia ficus-indica Peels: The Effects of Drying and Steeping Conditions

The escalating production of processed prickly pear products has led to a substantial rise in waste materials, particularly peel, which is rich in bioactive chemicals and holds the potential for value-added product development. However, the high perishability of these peels imposes effective preservation techniques. So, this work aimed to explore the potential of prickly pear peels from O. ficus-indica ‘Rossa’, ‘Gialla’, and ‘Bianca’ cultivars for the production of Opuntia beverages, namely infusions. To achieve this goal, two distinct drying methods, namely microwave drying and a food dehydrator, were employed with the latter method, resulting in the higher recovery of phenolic compounds (0.5 mgGAE/mL vs. 0.16 mgGAE/mL) and the higher antioxidant capacity of the resulting infusions. Additionally, various steeping conditions involving water temperatures of 80, 90, and 100 °C were assessed to maximize the levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The results demonstrate that the better overall drying method temperature and steeping conditions for the food dehydrator were at 35 °C and boiling water (100 °C) due to its generally better results and practicality. Sensorial trials revealed that the three infusions were generally accepted (score > 7.20 out of 9) but that O. ficus-indica ‘Rossa’ received the highest ratings. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing drying methods and steeping conditions to preserve and enhance the bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential in prickly pear peel infusions, promoting their sustainable utilization as functional ingredients in food and nutraceutical applications.

Pulp and paper mills: The original biorefineries — past performance and limitations to future opportunities

Pulp mills have been biorefineries since the invention of the Tomlinson recovery boiler. Unfortunately, the paper industry has done a poor job explaining that concept to the general public. A number of bioproducts in everyday use have been produced by pulp mills for several decades, and new products are routinely being developed. Modern research efforts over the last couple of decades have focused on producing even more products from pulp and paper mills through capacity enhancement and the development of value-added products and liquid transportation fuels to enhance paper mill profitability. Some of these efforts, often referred to as modern biorefineries, have focused so heavily on product development that they have ignored operating and process realities that limit the transformation of pulp and paper mills from the current limited number of bioproducts produced today to economic scale production of these value-added products. In this paper, several of these limitations are addressed. In addition, there are several supply chain, marketing, product quality, and economic realities limiting the value potential for these wholesale conversions of pulp mills into multiproduct modern biorefineries. Finally, the conservative nature and capital intensity of the pulp and paper industries provide a difficult hurdle for conversion to the modern biorefinery concept. These issues are also reviewed.

Biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose based material for sustainable/active food packaging application

This work goal is to develop a valuable biodegradable material for sustainable packaging. The utilization of agriculture wastes to produce biodegradable packaging films based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) will reduce its price. CMC was prepared from sugar cane bagasse, and used to prepare composite films with mandarin and cantaloupe peels extracts of different ratios. The effects of these extracts on the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the prepared films were evaluated. Thus, the films incorporated with 10% concentration of mandarin and cantaloupe peels extract exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and pathogenic yeast than the other lower concentrated films. The physiochemical properties of each developed biodegradable films were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and antimicrobial. The reflected work is a novel approach, and which is vital in the conversion of organic waste to value-added product development.