Valuation Mapping Research Articles

Geographic Information System Supported Valuation Map Production: The Example of Yalova

Kentler yaşayan canlı organizmalara benzetilebilir. İnsanların ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda gelişirler, ihtiyaçların değişmesi ile fonksiyon değiştirler. Zamanla ya da doğal afetler gibi zorlayıcı etkiler ile yıpranırlar ve yenilenmeye ihtiyaç duyarlar. İnsanların zaman içinde yaşadıkları pek çok sosyal olgunun da kentlerde değişime neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Dünya nüfusu hızla artmaktadır, artan nüfus ağırlıklı olarak şehirlerin sunduğu cazip imkanlardan dolayı kentlerde yaşama arzusundadır. Tüm bunlar yeni yerleşim alanlarının imara açılmasını gerektirdiği gibi, zamanla yetersiz ya da sağlıksız hale gelen kent içi alanların da yeniden kente kazandırılmasını gündeme getirmektedir. Zira arazi sınırlıdır ve her arazi parçası yerleşime uygun değildir. Kentsel dönüşümü en genel ifadeyle çarpık yapılaşmış, yetersiz altyapıya sahip, imara aykırı ve afet riski altındaki yerlerin yeni imar planı verilerine uygun olarak düzenlenmesi şeklinde tanımlamak mümkündür. Kentsel dönüşüme girecek parsellerin değerlerinin doğru olarak belirlenmesi süreç içerisinde ekonomi ve zaman kaybı yaşanmaması için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Yalova ili Bağlarbaşı Mahallesi kentsel dönüşüm uygulama sahasındaki bir alan uygulama alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Belediye ve Kadastro Müdürlüğü gibi kamu kurumlarından alana ait sayısal veriler ile sayısal olmayan veriler temin edilmiştir. Alanın yerinde incelemesi yapılarak konumsal ve konumsal olmayan değerlemeyi etkileyecek öznitelik verilerine ulaşılmıştır. Değer haritalarının üretiminde Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) teknolojileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Yalova ili Bağlarbaşı Mahallesi kentsel dönüşüm uygulama sahasında birden fazla öznitelik bilgileri değerlendirilerek ayrı ayrı değer haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Toplam değerler üzerinden sonuç değer haritası üretmek amacıyla çalışma alanında yer alan kadastro parsellerinin kıyıya uzaklıkları, okula uzaklıkları ile alan ve metrekare üzerinden hesaplanmış olan değerleri normalizasyon metodu uygulanarak veri seti değerleri 0 ile 1 arasında normalize edilmiştir.

The Optimized Location of Hospitals Using an Integrated Approach GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case Study in Iran

Background and Purpose: Adopting a proper location for a hospital will result in allocating optimal resources, improving access to health care, improving the quality of hospital services, reducing the waste of time, reducing energy consumption, decreasing costs, and reducing traffic. Accordingly, this study was conducted to adopt the optimal location for hospitals in Yazd City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This research is descriptive in terms of type and applied in terms of objectives. The used criteria for this study covered data related to military, residential, sports, industrial, green space, education, population density, communication roads, and available hospitals. All effective criteria were distinguished, and a map of each criterion was provided to locate the hospitals optimally. The weight of each criterion was determined by the analytic hierarchy process method and applied to the maps in the GIS software environment. The final land valuation map was prepared by combining the maps to construct the hospital. Results: The highest weight was calculated for the population density layer (0.24) and the lowest for the sports layer (0.025). The classified map to construct a hospital in Yazd City, Iran was classified into 5 categories, from very appropriate to very inappropriate. The map revealed that about 34% of the studied area is appropriate for building a hospital. Conclusion: Due to the importance of proper geographical access to hospital treatment facilities, it is recommended that new hospitals in Yazd be constructed on very appropriate land plots, and the priority in building a hospital to be very appropriate land plots located in the fourth district.

Valuation Mapping of Rural Areas in Central Turkey: A Model Proposal Case Study

In addition to the usual concerns that governments face, managing agriculture and agricultural areas is a significant issue. As a result, a country's agricultural production is highly dependent on its land potential. The transformation of agricultural areas into construction sites will be more attractive for the proprietors if they are not valued at their actual worth. This study applies and compares two different valuation methods, income and nominal land value approaches, to evaluate land in rural area, Cankiri Province, Catalelma Village, Central Turkey. In Turkey, income valuation method is typically applied for dealing with financial matters related to agricultural areas. On the other hand, one of the statistical methods, nominal valuation, was also used in the study area by applying the spatial analysis functions of geographical information system (GIS). In this study, four sample parcels representing three different land use capability classes (two irrigable, one medium, and one barren) were selected for comparison of two valuation methods. The results obtained during this research demonstrate that the nominal valuation approach produced more accurate results than the income method, and it may be used in the country's local administrative units due to available data.

A mass appraisal assessment study of land values using spatial analysis and multiple regression analysis model (MRA)

Valuation of land is one of the vital roles in building construction. Generally, building cost is vastly affected by the land value, even the experienced estimator also not estimating it appropriately due to the hasty change of land value. There are many Corporeal and incorporeal factors are involved in casing the land value, by and large of nearly available facilities. In this work, nine various factors were involved to determine the land value, the distance to educational institution, distance to roads, distance to the police station, distance to the railway station, distance to entertainment places, distance to industries, land-use type, and distance to government buildings. The spatial map was created for 9 factors and it was categorized using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. Significant results were shown regarding land value classifications such as low, moderate, high, and very high. A well-equipped area with infrastructure facilities and other facilities identifies a higher land value through this process. The valuation map enables quick decision-making, as all the values of each parcel are displayed graphically. Collected data are feed in the analysis model of multiple regression analysis (MRA). The process of performing a regression analysis allows determining more influencing factors to which independent variables are influencing dependent variables. The logical straight-line equation is generated to attain the land value of the research area using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software. This technique uses for academicians and Industrial people to determine the land value with minimum error.

Flood vulnerability assessment using GIS at Fetam watershed, upper Abbay basin, Ethiopia

Flood is a danger to human beings and their properties because less consideration is given for risk analysis and assessment of risk areas. The main aim of this study was to assess the flood vulnerability areas of Fetam watershed. For analyzing this issue, flood generating factors: slope, elevation, land use/land cover, drainage density, rainfall, and soil types were rated and collected to mark out flood vulnerability zones using a multi-criteria evaluation technique within the Geographic Information System (GIS). Maps were constructed using past data on river banks and discharge of earlier floods along with topographic data to illustrate areas susceptible to flood for various discharges. The influences of all overflow distribution factors were calculated using pair-wise evaluation techniques for decisive weighted-overlay investigation of each factor in flood vulnerability assessment. The flood vulnerability valuation map showed that 67.54, 634.11, 280.89, 121.28, and 2.81 km2 areas correspond to very high, high, moderate, low, and very low flood vulnerabilities respectively. Residential areas and farming fields are located along with the flood hazard areas, which are susceptible to flooding. Hence, these areas are vulnerable to social and economic development due to loss of life and damage to properties of resident people. The main result of this study showed that the upstream and center part of Fetam watershed is highly sighted than the downstream part.

Valued Field Graph and Some Related Parameters

Let $K$ be any finite field. For any prime $p$, the $p$-adic valuation map is given by $\psi_{p}:K/\{0\} \to \R^+\bigcup\{0\}$ is given by $\psi_{p}(r) = n$ where $r = p^n \frac{a}{b}$, where $p,a,b$ are relatively prime. The field $K$ together with a valuation is called valued field. Also, any field $K$ has the trivial valuation determined by $\psi{(K)} = \{0,1\}$. Through out the paper K represents $\Z_q$. In this paper, we construct the graph corresponding to the valuation map called the valued field graph, denoted by $VFG_{p}(\Z_{q})$ whose vertex set is $\{v_0,v_1,v_2,\ldots, v_{q-1}\}$ where two vertices $v_i$ and $v_j$ are adjacent if $\psi_{p}(i) = j$ or $\psi_{p}(j) = i$. Here, we tried to characterize the valued field graph in $\Z_q$. Also we analyse various graph theoretical parameters such as diameter, independence number etc.

Creation of Nominal Asset Value-Based Maps using GIS: A Case Study of Istanbul Beyoglu and Gaziosmanpasa Districts

Estimating the value of real estate has applications in fields as diverse as taxation, buying and renting properties, expropriation and urban regeneration. Determining the most objective, accurate and acceptable value for real estate by considering spatial criteria is therefore important. One stochastic method used to determine real estate values is ‘nominal valuation’. In this approach, criteria that may affect land value are subjected to various spatial analyses, and pixel-based value maps can be produced using GIS. Land value maps are in raster data format and need to be compared with the actual market values. Pixel-resolution analyses are required that depend on the selected grid dimensions. First of all, nominal value maps were produced using a nominal valuation model, using criteria for proximity, visibility and terrain. These were weighted in order to produce a nominal asset value-based map according to the ‘Best Worst Method’. Changes in the unit land values were examined for maps at various resolutions; a resolution of 10 metres emerged as the ideal pixel size for valuation maps.

An assessment of the value of an African landscape. The case of the Mara Basin, Kenya

Ecosystems provide social, ecological and economic benefits and are linked through the landscape. Landscape degradation and loss of biodiversity undermine ecosystem functioning especially in vital ecosystems such as the Mara Basin in Africa. Holistically monitored and assessed landscape provide values to support conservation strategy which could enhance sustainable resource utilisation. The study relied on high resolution 10-m Sentinel 2A, Landsat 30-m and SEBAL to generate biophysical parameters for valuation in the landscapes. A household survey was used to derive forest benefits to local livelihoods. The well conserved Trans Mara forest provided high ecological benefits but few social benefits to the local community. Tea buffers have proven to be an effective conservancy strategy for the forest ecosystem. The long term carbon-based benefits in conservation areas of rural Africa is hindered by communities’ high dependency on firewood and charcoal energy. The land policy on limited livestock access to the pastoralists in the conservancies should be based on the livestock carrying capacity of the lands. Further, the valuation maps can be used for land use planning where critical wildlife protection areas, movement corridors and mixed use zones of high livestock value can be identified. The holistic assessment of value of African landscape based on key functionalities and linked spatially over the landscape using remotely sensed data is indeed crucial to improve decision making and conservation strategy towards sustainable ecosystem management.

Small networks of polarized splicing processors are universal

In this paper, we consider the computational power of a new variant of networks of splicing processors in which each processor as well as the data navigating throughout the network are now considered to be polarized. While the polarization of every processor is predefined (negative, neutral, positive), the polarization of data is dynamically computed by means of a valuation mapping. Consequently, the protocol of communication is naturally defined by means of this polarization. We show that networks of polarized splicing processors (NPSP) of size 2 are computationally complete, which immediately settles the question of designing computationally complete NPSPs of minimal size. With two more nodes we can simulate every nondeterministic Turing machine without increasing the time complexity. Particularly, we prove that NPSP of size 4 can accept all languages in NP in polynomial time. Furthermore, another computational model that is universal, namely the 2-tag system, can be simulated by NPSP of size 3 preserving the time complexity. All these results can be obtained with NPSPs with valuations in the set \(\{-1,0,1\}\) as well. We finally show that Turing machines can simulate a variant of NPSPs and discuss the time complexity of this simulation.

Marine biological value along the Portuguese continental shelf; insights into current conservation and management tools

The valuation of nature is an inbuilt component of validating environmental management decisions and an important research field for different disciplines related to conservation, economy and ethics. Here, biodiversity was valued using an ecological approach based on the intrinsic value incorporated in biodiversity per se, regardless of any human association. The Marine Biological Valuation protocol was drawn upon the methodology of terrestrial valuation maps, to support the European MSFD environmental status assessment (descriptor 1 – biodiversity) and national marine spatial planning approaches. To apply the protocol on the Portuguese continental shelf we compiled and analyzed national biological databases for a wide taxonomic range of ecosystem components (seabirds, demersal fish, macrobenthos, marine mammals and sea turtles) and assessed the spatial overlap with existing and proposed conservation areas (Natura 2000 network). The resultant maps described patterns of biological value consistent with the physical and biological oceanographic conditions as well as local hydrodynamics of the Portuguese continental shelf. The results of our approach confirm previously identified valuable areas for protection (particularly in the northern and central regions), but also highlights the value of currently unprotected sites, mainly in the southern region. Biological valuation maps showed to be comprehensive tool to compile and spatially analyze biological datasets. By drawing attention to subzones of biological importance, it constitutes a valuable instrument in making appropriate-scale decisions on the spatial allocation of human activities in the context of the Portuguese marine spatial planning, currently facing the pressure and impacts of increased maritime exploitation.

Valuation semirings

The main scope of this paper is to introduce the valuation semirings in general and discrete valuation semirings in particular. In order to do that, first, we define valuation maps and investigate them. Then we define valuation semirings with the help of valuation maps and prove that a multiplicatively cancellative semiring is a valuation semiring if and only if its ideals are totally ordered by inclusion. We also prove that if the unique maximal ideal of a valuation semiring is subtractive, then it is integrally closed. We end this paper by introducing discrete valuation semirings and show that a semiring is a discrete valuation semiring if and only if it is a multiplicatively cancellative principal ideal semiring possessing a nonzero unique maximal ideal. We also prove that a discrete valuation semiring is a Gaussian semiring if and only if its unique maximal ideal is subtractive.

Оценочное картографирование опасности возникновения кризисных природно-экономических ситуаций

An innovative technique for the secondary use of cartographic information for creating assessment hazard maps of crisis natural and economic situations and an integral assessment of the sustainability economic development and the quality of live is presented. Valuation mapping was carried for the Slyudyansky district of the Irkutsk region. A database has been created for homogeneous network of plots, which contains heterogeneous information about the nature and socio-economic environment of the district. Spatial data were processed using multidimensional statistics on the base of reliability theory models. An account of the environmental correction for each plots is an important aspect of the proposed technique of assessing and creating through maps. This makes it possible to reduce the evaluation function to an invariant form common to all locations and it is used in through way to create assessment maps for natural and socio-economic objects. As a result, a series of raster maps of through thematic content was made. The map of integral hazard of emergence of economic crisis situation displays the lowest hazard values for the territories of settlements and their surrounding areas, as well as areas along roads and railways. Additionally it allocates undeveloped valley of taiga rivers, advanced for economic use, primarily for recreational purposes.

Tropicalization of facets of polytopes

It is known that any tropical polytope is the image under the valuation map of ordinary polytopes over the Puiseux series field. The latter polytopes are called lifts of the tropical polytope. We prove that any pure tropical polytope is the intersection of the tropical half-spaces given by the images under the valuation map of the facet-defining half-spaces of a certain lift. We construct this lift explicitly, taking into account geometric properties of the given polytope. Moreover, when the generators of the tropical polytope are in general position, we prove that the above property is satisfied for any lift. This solves a conjecture of Develin and Yu.

From Quadratic Gaussian to Quantum Groups: Exploiting Duality in Modelling IR-FX Hybrids (Presentation Slides)

Mathematical finance explores the consistency relationships between the prices of securities imposed by elementary economic principles. Commonplace among these are replicability and the absence of arbitrage, both essentially algebraic constraints on the valuation map from a security to its price. The discussion is framed in terms of observables, the securities, and states, the linear and positive maps from security to price. Founded on the principles of replicability and the absence of arbitrage, mathematical finance then equates to the theory of positive linear maps and their scale invariances. This recognises that the defining principles are in essence algebraic, and may be satisfied in circumstances more general than the classical probabilistic setting. These slides consider the dual Hopf algebraic structures of observables and states, and how they may be utilised to create efficient models for pricing. This naturally leads to the study of models based on restrictions of the dual Hopf algebras, such as the Quadratic Gauss model, that retain much of the phenomenology of their parents within a more tractable domain, and extensions of the dual Hopf algebras, such as the Linear Dirac model, with novel features unattainable in the classical case.

Duality in Mathematical Finance

Mathematical finance explores the consistency relationships between the prices of securities imposed by elementary economic principles. Commonplace among these are replicability and the absence of arbitrage, both essentially algebraic constraints on the valuation map from a security to its price. The discussion is framed in terms of observables, the securities, and states, the linear and positive maps from security to price. Founded on the principles of replicability and the absence of arbitrage, mathematical finance then equates to the theory of positive linear maps and their numeraire invariances. This acknowledges the algebraic nature of the defining principles which, crucially, may be applied in the context of quantum probability as well as the more familiar classical setting. Quantum groups are here defined to be dual pairs of ∗-Hopf algebras, and the central claim of this thesis is that the model for the dynamics of information relies solely on the quantum group properties of observables and states, as demonstrated by the application to finance. This naturally leads to the study of models based on restrictions of the ∗-Hopf algebras, such as the Quadratic Gauss model, that retain much of the phenomenology of their parent within a more tractable domain, and extensions of the ∗-Hopf algebras, such as the Linear Dirac model, with novel features unattainable in the classical case.

Networks of polarized multiset processors

We propose a highly parallel and distributed multiset computing model having as its underlying structure an undirected graph whose nodes are processors, each endowed with a polarity and with a set of rules all of the same kind, one of increment, decrement or substitution. Processors communicate with each other via a protocol based on the compatibility between their polarization and the polarization of the data, as computed by a valuation mapping. We show that this model can simulate any multiset Turing machine. In its turn, the new model can be simulated by the most general variant of multiset Turing machine.

Networks of splicing processors with evaluation sets as optimization problems solvers

In this paper we consider a new highly parallel and distributed bio-inspired computational model having its underlying structure an undirected graph whose nodes are processors that use the splicing operation on the data they are processing. They communicate with each other via a protocol based on the compatibility between their accepting values with respect to some predefined evaluation sets and the values of the data computed by a valuation mapping. Here we use the valuation mapping from a quantitative perspective, hence this model might be more suitable to solve some specific hard optimization problems in a more efficient and succinct way. In the aim of supporting this possibility, we propose an algorithm based on these networks able to efficiently solve an NP-hard combinatorial problem, namely the 0/1 knapsack problem. We prove that the computation time of the network solving an instance of the problem is linear. Surprisingly enough, the size of the network is very small, only four nodes are sufficient and the topology of the network may be chosen as chain, ring or complete graph. Furthermore, the evaluation sets and the sets of compatible values associated with the nodes as well as the valuation mapping remain unchanged for all instances of the same size. This result suggests that this model is suitable to address optimization problems where quantitative conditions have a relevant role.

Networks of polarized evolutionary processors

In this paper, we consider a new variant of networks of evolutionary processors which seems to be more suitable for a software and hardware implementation. Each processor as well as the data navigating throughout the network are now considered to be polarized. While the polarization of every processor is predefined, the data polarization is dynamically computed by means of a valuation mapping. Consequently, the protocol of communication is naturally defined by means of this polarization. This new variant is investigated here as a problem solver. We propose solutions based on networks of polarized evolutionary processors to two computationally hard problems, namely the “3-colorability problem”, and a more general one known as the “Common Algorithmic Problem”. Our solutions are uniform (they work for all instances of the same size) and time efficient (they work in linear time).

Real Estate Pricing Models: Theory, Evidence, and Implementation

We construct a theory of real estate pricing that is directly applicable to empirical analysis. Using a dynamic portfolio optimization strategy, we first show that under defined technical conditions, the theoretical equilibrium price of a piece of real estate can be described as a linear combination of attributes common to all pieces of real estate. However, in the absence of such technical conditions, i.e., under more realistic circumstances, real estate prices may diverge from their theoretical equilibrium prices. This logical consideration suggests the utility of extending the classical hedonic model, specifically to a mixed effect model developed with the application of the Box–Cox transformation. By using our model to analyze data obtained from Japanese Real Estate Investment Trust (J-REIT) records, we demonstrate our model’s ability to yield accurate results. By using our model to develop Real Estate Valuation Maps, an online valuation and mapping tool that appraises real estate prices and their associated risks, we demonstrate our model’s utility.

Pseudo-valuation maps and pseudo-valuation domains

Corresponding to a valuation map there exist a valuation do- main and vice versa. In this aticle we established a pseudo-valuation map ω from K ∗ to G ∗ (a partiallly ordererd group equipped with ∗ property), then constructed a pseudo-valuation domain. We confirmed our map ω by using it while generating the few characteristics of Pseudovaluation domains.