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Preparation and Ammonia Sensing of Copper Iodide Nanomaterials Combined with Copper Iodide‐Isopropanolamine Complexes

AbstractWith the increasing awareness of the hazards associated with ammonia (NH3) contamination and the potential application of NH3 detection in physical health monitoring, the exploration of high‐performance NH3 sensors has attracted significant attention in recent years. In this paper, we prepared copper iodide (CuI) nanomaterials combined with CuI‐isopropanolamine (C3H9NO) complexes by dissolving CuI in C3H9NO and subsequent annealing. The resulting product demonstrated exceptional sensing performance to 0.15 (mole fraction) NH3, exhibiting a maximum response of 7.5×105 with a response time of 5 s. The achieved detection limit was 10 ppm. Our findings provide a valuable reference for further research on NH3 sensors utilizing complexes formed by copper compounds and organic amines.

K-means 알고리즘을 기반으로 한 야오족 자수 색상 추출 및 가상 캐릭터 의상디자인 응용

To promote the digital preservation and transmission of traditional cultural elements, this study focuses on Yao embroidery as a case study, combining digital technologies and algorithms to extract and analyze its color characteristics. These extracted color features were applied to the design of virtual character clothing. First, a bilateral filtering algorithm was used to preprocess the images of Yao embroidery, reducing noise while preserving intricate details. Subsequently, Euclidean distance was calculated in the Lab color space, and the OSTU adaptive binarization method was employed to separate the image from its background. Additionally, K-means clustering was applied multiple times to the color data, and the optimal result was achieved when the number of clusters was set to eight. Through this process, eight major colors of Yao embroidery were extracted. Based on these extracted colors, 3D point cloud analysis was conducted to study the three-dimensional spatial distribution of color points, and a color combination model based on hue, brightness, and saturation was constructed. The results revealed that the color composition of Yao embroidery predominantly consists of high-saturation colors, with strong color contrasts and distinct ethnic characteristics. Ultimately, this study demonstrated the applicability of integrating the color model and design patterns of Yao embroidery into virtual character clothing design, showcasing the potential for incorporating traditional embroidery into digital design. This contributes to the preservation and promotion of intangible cultural heritage and serves as a valuable reference for further research on the color systems of traditional ethnic costumes.

Study on the groove geometry of pad in water dissolution polishing of soft brittle materials based on trajectory analysis

During the water dissolution polishing process of soft brittle materials, the pad's groove geometry plays a significant role in determining the performance. This not only affects the flow of the slurry but also directly impacts the overall distribution of the water core on the pad surface, thereby influencing the polishing effect. A trajectory model of the water core on the workpiece surface was established through kinematic analysis and the characteristics and effects of the pad's groove geometry in circular, radial, composite, and grid were studied combined with the trajectory analysis. The coefficient of variation and power spectral density were established to evaluate the trajectory uniformity. The trajectory density distribution was quantitatively analyzed to obtain a better understanding of the material removal uniformity. The simulation and experiment results indicated that the existence of groove geometry will greatly affect the flow of slurry and the surface quality. The grid groove had a better distribution of water core, which means better material removal. There exists a tradeoff between the number of grooves and their spacing. These insights offer a fresh perspective and serve as a valuable reference for further research and analysis into the groove characteristics of pads.

Fabricating diamond bit by selective laser melting and its drilling performance evaluation

Diamond abrasive tools play an important role in efficient and precision machining of difficult-to-cut materials. As the traditional tool manufacturing process is difficult to meet the integrated molding preparation of complex structures, the use of selective laser melting (SLM) technology to manufacture diamond tools with functions and structures has become a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, the feasibility and wear characteristics of diamond bits prepared by SLM using AlSi7Mg as metal matrix are investigated. The optimal parameter combination of diamond/AlSi7Mg mixture was obtained through orthogonal experiments, in which the powder layer thickness was 30 μm, the laser power was 300 W, the scanning speed was 3000 mm/s, and the scanning spacing was 120 μm. This parameter combination realized the improvement of the mechanical properties and the decrease of the porosity. Two types of bits with and without groove-structure (Labeled as Bit-G and Bit-N) were fabricated and their drilling performance were compared by processing BK7 optical glass. The results show that the Bit-G has more excellent machining performance, including lower drilling force, better hole quality and longer service life. According to the simulation results, the self-sharpening cycle of the Bit-G’s wear characteristics can be attributed to the groove structure that allows the coolant to be fully utilized in the bit/workpiece contacting area. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the SLM process for the preparation of diamond tools and comprehensively analyzes the wear process, which provides reference value for further research on this process for the manufacturing of diamond abrasive tools.

Deciphering physiological and transcriptional mechanisms of maize seed germination.

Maize is a valuable raw material for feed and food production. Healthy seed germination is important for improving the yield and quality of maize. Seed aging occurs relatively fast in crops and it is a process that delays germination as well as reduces its rate and even causes total loss of seed viability. However, the physiological and transcriptional mechanisms that regulate maize seeds, especially aging seed germination remain unclear. Coronatine (COR) which is a phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae and a new type of plant growth regulator can effectively regulate plant growth and development, and regulate seed germination. In this study, the physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms of COR-induced maize seed germination under different aging degrees were analyzed. The results showed that 0.001-0.01μmol/L COR could promote the germination of aging maize seed and the growth of primary roots and shoots. COR treatment increased the content of gibberellins (GA3) and decreased the content of abscisic acid (ABA) in B73 seeds before germination. The result of RNA-seq analysis showed 497 differentially expressed genes in COR treatment compared with the control. Three genes associated with GA biosynthesis (ZmCPPS2, ZmD3, and ZmGA2ox2), and two genes associated with GA signaling transduction (ZmGID1 and ZmBHLH158) were up-regulated. Three genes negatively regulating GA signaling transduction (ZmGRAS48, ZmGRAS54, and Zm00001d033369) and two genes involved in ABA biosynthesis (ZmVP14 and ZmPCO14472) were down-regulated. The physiological test results also showed that the effects of GA and ABA on seed germination were similar to those of high and low-concentration COR, respectively, which indicated that the effect of COR on seed germination may be carried out through GA and ABA pathways. In addition, GO and KEGG analysis suggested that COR is also highly involved in antioxidant enzyme systems and secondary metabolite synthesis to regulate maize seed germination processes. These findings provide a valuable reference for further research on the mechanisms of maize seed germination.

Levels, sources, and health risk assessment of phthalate acid esters in indoor dust of various microenvironments in university

Phthalate acid esters (PAEs), as a common group of plasticizers, are widely present in indoor environments and pose a risk to human health. Indoor dust samples collected from dormitory, classroom, laboratory, and office in several universities in China, were analyzed for seven types of PAEs. The total concentrations of seven PAEs (Σ7PAEs) ranged from 4.87 to 360 μg/g, with a median concentration of 51 μg/g, which is lower than that reported by other studies. Using the median concentration of Σ7PAEs as a metric, we assessed the levels of contamination in different microenvironments, resulting in the following ranking: dormitory > classroom > laboratory > office. There are significant differences in the levels of individual PAEs in different microenvironments. Radiation from sunlight, ventilation rates, cleaning frequency, and sprays were influential factors for the concentrations of individual PAEs in indoor dust. The indoor environmental conditions and consumption patterns profoundly affect PAEs levels. The sources of PAEs in classroom and office were more complex than in dormitory and laboratory. Daily intakes of PAEs were used to calculate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human risk for males and females, indicating a low health risk to humans. This is the first study to assess the risk of PAEs in university microenvironments and provides a valuable reference for further research.

Thermodynamic Reaction Study of Conversion of H2S and CO2 and the Promoting Effect of Light on the Reaction

H2S and CO2 are common coexisted gases widely existing in natural gas resources, and they need to be treated harmlessly. The traditional Claus treatment process only focuses on H2S treatment but ignores CO2. This article systematically conducted theoretical thermodynamic research on the thermocatalytic conversion of H2S and CO2. It was found that increasing the reaction temperature and H2S ratio would have a positive impact on the reaction, while increasing the pressure would lead to a decrease in the conversion rate of reactants and product yield, and introducing COS into the feed gas could have a promoting effect on the reaction. Furthermore, 5%Mo/Al2O3 catalyst was used to preliminarily explore the thermal and photothermal catalysis for H2S and CO2 conversion. The results showed that the photothermal catalysis significantly promoted the production of syngas (H2 and CO), and suppressed COS production in contrast to thermal catalysis. This indicates that the introduction of light could effectively convert H2S and CO2 into high‐value product syngas, providing important reference value for further research on the conversion of H2S and CO2.

Enhanced photoluminescence properties and stability of CsPbBr3 quantum dots borosilicate glasses modified by ZnO

Halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) glass has attracted much attention in the field of optoelectronics, but its photoluminescence (PL) properties and water stability still need further improvement. In this work, the melt-quenching method is used to successfully precipitate CsPbBr3 QDs in borosilicate glass. By increasing the concentration of ZnO, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of CsPbBr3 QDs glass is enhanced up to 30 times from 1.91 % to 65.87 %. The results demonstrate that the introduction of ZnO loosens the glass network structure, which contributes to the QDs to precipitate. In addition, it can be found that the PL intensity maintains 91.68 % of the initial PL intensity after 30 days of immersion, which is attributed to ZnO delays the corrosion of borosilicate glass by water. The effect of ZnO-modified borosilicate glass structure on PL and stability provides a certain reference value for further research on QDs glass, and the good PLQY and water stability make ZnO-modified CsPbBr3 QDs glass a potential material in the field of WLEDs.

NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE RESISTANCE REDUCTION IN HYBRID MINI-SUBMARINE

Hybrid mini-submarine is a single innovative ship combining the concepts of conventional fast ships, hydrofoils, and submarine with the specific mission of safeguarding national sovereignty. This study was conducted to analyze the reduction of resistance in this mini-submarine by examining the positioning and shape of NACA hydrofoils. The process involved adjusting the positions of NACA hydrofoils and incorporating different configurations. This was indicated by the inclusion of nine speed configuration in the hydrofoil mode, eight in the conventional mode, and five in the submarine mode. Moreover, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was applied for analysis using the Ansys CFX software. The results showed that the positioning of the NACA hydrofoils at close proximity reduced the resistance. The selection of symmetrical and slender configuration was also observed to optimize the reduction of resistance. Moreover, the combination of position and NACA hydrofoil 0012 produced an average resistance reduction of up to 12.52%. The configured model successfully reduced the total ship resistance and also identified the optimal position and shape configuration for the NACA hydrofoils. These findings provided valuable insights into the components and characteristics of total ship resistance and served as a valuable reference for further research on the development of maritime security technology.

Advances in paclitaxel biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation mechanisms

Paclitaxel, a rare diterpene extracted from the bark of Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis), is renowned for its anti-cancer activity and serves as a primary drug for treating cancers. Due to the exceptionally low content of paclitaxel in the bark, a semi-synthetic method that depletes Chinese yew resources is used in the production of paclitaxel, which, however, fails to meet the escalating clinical demand. In recent years, researchers have achieved significant progress in heterologous biosynthesis and metabolic engineering for the production of paclitaxel. This article comprehensively reviews the advancements in paclitaxel production, encompassing chemical synthesis, heterologous biosynthesis, and cell engineering. It provides an in-depth introduction to the biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulation mechanisms of paclitaxel, aiming to provide a valuable reference for further research on paclitaxel biosynthesis.

Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with a Novel High-Strength and High-Toughness Epoxy Mortar Thin Layer

The flexural performance of RC beams strengthened with a novel high-strength and high-toughness epoxy mortar thin layer was investigated through four-point flexural tests on two contrast beams and two strengthened beams. The effects of this strengthening method on the failure modes, crack distribution, load–deflection curves, and bearing capacity of the RC beams with two reinforcement ratios were studied. The experimental results revealed that the contrast beams exhibited the typical bending failure modes where the failure mode of the reinforced beam is the yielding of the tensile reinforcement of the original beam and then fracture damage of the new epoxy mortar-reinforced thin layer. No debonding phenomenon was observed between the reinforced thin layer and the original concrete, and no visible cracks appeared before the tensile failure occurred in the thin layer. The cracks in the reinforced beams developed slowly, increased in number, and decreased significantly in width and spacing. The stiffness of the strengthened beam increased significantly, while its deformation ductility coefficient noticeably decreased. Compared to the corresponding contrast beams, the cracking load for strengthened beams A1 and B1 increased by 14% and 23%, respectively; the yield load increased by 32% and 40%, respectively; and the peak load increased by 18% and 17%, respectively. Finally, a calculation method for the flexural bearing capacity of RC beams strengthened with the novel epoxy mortar thin layer based on the flat section assumption was proposed. The calculated values showed a good agreement with the experimental values (with errors at −11.73% and 4.14%, respectively), providing a valuable reference for further research and application related to this kind of reinforcement method.

Interaction between internal solitary waves and the seafloor in the deep sea

AbstractInternal solitary wave (ISW), as a typical marine dynamic process in the deep sea, widely exists in oceans and marginal seas worldwide. The interaction between ISW and the seafloor mainly occurs in the bottom boundary layer. For the seabed boundary layer of the deep sea, ISW is the most important dynamic process. This study analyzed the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of research on the interaction between ISW and the seafloor by CiteSpace. Focusing on the action of ISW on the seabed, such as transformation and reaction, a large amount of research work and results were systematically analyzed and summarized. On this basis, this study analyzed the wave–wave interaction and interaction between ISW and the bedform or slope of the seabed, which provided a new perspective for an in‐depth understanding of the interaction between ISW and the seafloor. Finally, the latest research results of the bottom boundary layer and marine engineering stability by ISW were introduced, and the unresolved problems in the current research work were summarized. This study provides a valuable reference for further research on the hazards of ISW to marine engineering geology.

Dynamic causes contribute to the increasing trend of red tides in the east China sea during 2020–2022

Red tide is a marine phenomenon caused by the excessive growth of microscopic algae in the ocean. This study aims to analyze the development trends of red tides in the past 20 years and the dynamic external causes that induce red tides based on existing satellite remote sensing and numerical simulation data. And the changes in dominant species of red tides in different seasons are analyzed. The results show significant temperature fluctuations within the week before the red tide occurs, with an average increase of 1.42 °C. In contrast, the change in salinity is relatively small. Meanwhile, ocean fronts are areas in the ocean where different water masses meet and form boundaries. The average strength of ocean fronts increased by 3.7%, indicating enhanced ocean mixing over a short period of time. Under the combined influence of these factors, the probability of a red tide outbreak in the East China Sea increases rapidly. Therefore, this study has important reference value for further research on the causes of red tides and their response to ocean dynamic changes.

The Effect of Fermentation on the Chemical Constituents of Gastrodia Tuber Hallimasch Powder (GTHP) Estimated by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC.

To compare the effect of fermentation on the chemical constituents of Gastrodia Tuder Halimasch Powder (GTHP), to establish its fingerprinting and multicomponent content determination, and to provide a basis for the processing, handling, and clinical application of this herb. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used to conduct a preliminary analysis of the chemical constituents in GTHP before and after fermentation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine some major differential components of GTHP and establish fingerprints. Cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed for comprehensive evaluation. Seventy-nine compounds were identified, including flavonoids, organic acids, nucleosides, terpenoids, and others. The CA and PCA results showed that ten samples were divided into three groups. Through standard control and HPLC analysis, 10 compounds were identified from 22 peaks, namely uracil, guanosine, adenosine, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), daidzin, genistin, glycitein, daidzein, genistein, and ergosterol. After fermentation, GTHP exhibited significantly higher contents of uracil, guanosine, adenosine, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and ergosterol and significantly lower genistein and daidzein contents. The UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC methods can effectively identify a variety of chemical components before and after the fermentation of GTHP. This study provides a valuable reference for further research on the rational clinical application and quality control improvement of GTHP.

Mechanical stability of polarization signatures in biological tissue characterization.

Mueller matrix imaging polarimetry (MMIP) is a promising technique for investigating structural abnormalities in pathological diagnosis. The characterization stability of polarization signatures, described by Mueller matrix parameters (MMPs), correlates with the mechanical state of the biological medium. In this study, we developed an MMIP system capable of applying quantitative forces to samples and measuring the resulting polarization signatures. Mechanical stretching experiments were conducted on a mimicking phantom and a tissue sample at different force scales. We analyzed the textural features and data distribution of MMP images and evaluated the force effect on the characterization of MMPs using the structural similarity index. The results demonstrate that changes in the mechanical microenvironment (CMM) can cause textural fluctuations in MMP images, interfering with the stability of polarization signatures. Specifically, parameters of anisotropic orientation, retardance, and optical rotation are the most sensitive to CMM, inducing a dramatic change in the overall image texture, while other parameters (e.g., polarization, diattenuation, and depolarization) exhibit locality in their response to CMM. For some MMPs, CMM can enhance regional textural contrasts. This study elucidates the mechanical stability of polarization signatures in biological tissue characterization and provides a valuable reference for further research toward minimizing CMM influence.

Curcumae Radix: A Review of Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Quality Control.

Curcumae Radix (CuR) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used in China for more than 1,000 years. It has the traditional efficacy of activating blood and relieving pain, promoting qi and relieving depression, clearing heart and cooling blood, and promoting gallbladder and removing jaundice. Based on this, many domestic and foreign scholars have conducted systematic studies on its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, toxicity and quality control. Currently, 250 compounds, mainly including terpenoids and curcuminoids, have been isolated and identified from CuR, which has pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, hemostatic, hematopoietic, and treatment of diabetes mellitus. In modern clinical practice, CuR is widely used in the treatment of tumors, breast hyperplasia, hepatitis, and stroke. However, the generation of toxicity and clinical application of CuR and Caryophylli Flos, the determination of the concoction process of artifacts, the determination of specific Quality Marker, and the establishment of the quality control system of CuR, are problems that need to be solved urgently at present.

Research Progress on Sesquiterpenoids of Curcumae Rhizoma and Their Pharmacological Effects.

Curcumae Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese medicine with a wide range of pharmacological activities, is obtained from the dried rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis VaL., Curcuma kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C. F. Liang, and Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling. Sesquiterpenoids and curcuminoids are found to be the main constituents of Curcumae Rhizoma. Sesquiterpenoids are composed of three isoprene units and are susceptible to complex transformations, such as cyclization, rearrangement, and oxidation. They are the most structurally diverse class of plant-based natural products with a wide range of biological activities and are widely found in nature. In recent years, scholars have conducted abundant studies on the structures and pharmacological properties of components of Curcumae Rhizoma. This article elucidates the chemical structures, medicinal properties, and biological properties of the sesquiterpenoids (a total of 274 compounds) isolated from Curcumae Rhizoma. We summarized extraction and isolation methods for sesquiterpenoids, established a chemical component library of sesquiterpenoids in Curcumae Rhizoma, and analyzed structural variances among sesquiterpenoids sourced from Curcumae Rhizoma of diverse botanical origins. Furthermore, our investigation reveals a diverse array of sesquiterpenoid types, encompassing guaiane-type, germacrane-type, eudesmane-type, elemane-type, cadinane-type, carane-type, bisabolane-type, humulane-type, and other types, emphasizing the relationship between structural diversity and activity. We hope to provide a valuable reference for further research and exploitation and pave the way for the development of new drugs derived from medicinal plants.

Engineering Covalent Organic Frameworks Toward Advanced Zinc-Based Batteries.

Zinc-based batteries (ZBBs) have demonstrated considerable potential among secondary batteries, attributing to their advantages including good safety, environmental friendliness, and high energy density. However, ZBBs still suffer from issues such as the formation of zinc dendrites, occurrence of side reactions, retardation of reaction kinetics, and shuttle effects, posing a great challenge for practical applications. As promising porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their derivatives have rigid skeletons, ordered structures, and permanent porosity, which endow them with great potential for application in ZBBs. This review, therefore, provides a systematic overview detailing on COFs structure pertaining to electrochemical performance of ZBBs, following an in depth discussion of the challenges faced by ZBBs, which includes dendrites and side reactions at the anode, as well as dissolution, structural change, slow kinetics, and shuttle effect at the cathode. Then, the structural advantages of COF-correlated materials and their roles in various ZBBs are highlighted. Finally, the challenges of COF-correlated materials in ZBBs are outlined and an outlook on the future development of COF-correlated materials for ZBBs is provided. The review would serve as a valuable reference for further research into the utilization of COF-correlated materials in ZBBs.

Basketball Anterior and Posterior Portal Veins Doppler Imaging of Sports Medicine Technique Exploration

INTRODUCTION: Basketball, as a high-intensity sport, has attracted much attention for its effects on the cardiovascular system of athletes. The anterior and posterior portal veins are some of the vital blood vessels in the human circulatory system, and their blood flow is closely related to the athletes' physical status. Doppler ultrasound technology is widely used in sports medicine and provides a powerful tool for an in-depth understanding of the effects of basketball on portal vein blood flow. This study aimed to explore the potential of sports medicine technology in assessing cardiovascular adaptations in athletes through portal Doppler imaging before and after basketball exercise.OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the effects of basketball exercise on portal vein blood flow in athletes before and after basketball exercise through the use of Doppler ultrasound technology. Specifically, this study aimed to explore the dynamics of pre- and post-exercise Doppler imaging of the posterior and posterior veins in order to assess the cardiovascular adaptations of athletes during exercise more comprehensively and objectively.METHODS: A group of healthy professional basketball players were selected as the study subjects, and Doppler ultrasound instruments were utilized to obtain portal Doppler images before, during, and after exercise. The functional status of the vasculature was assessed by analyzing parameters such as portal blood flow velocity and resistance index. At the same time, the physiological parameters of the athletes, such as heart rate and blood pressure, were combined to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of basketball on portal blood flow.RESULTS: The results of the study showed that the anterior and posterior portal blood flow velocities of the athletes changed significantly during basketball exercise. Before the exercise, the blood flow velocity was relatively low, while it rapidly increased and reached the peak state during the exercise. After exercise, blood flow velocity gradually dropped back to the baseline level. In addition, the change in resistance index also indicated that portal blood vessels experienced a particular stress and adaptation process during exercise.CONCLUSION: This study revealed the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system of athletes by analyzing the Doppler images of the portal vein before and after basketball exercise. Basketball exercise leads to significant changes in portal hemodynamics, which provides a new perspective for sports medicine. These findings are of guiding significance for the development of training programs for athletes and the prevention of exercise-related cardiovascular problems and provide a valuable reference for further research in the field of sports medicine.

Research Progress of Ozone/Peroxymonosulfate Advanced Oxidation Technology for Degrading Antibiotics in Drinking Water and Wastewater Effluent: A Review.

Nowadays, antibiotics are widely used, increasing the risk of contamination of the water body and further threatening human health. The traditional water treatment process is less efficient in degrading antibiotics, and the advanced oxidation process (AOPs) is cleaner and more efficient than the traditional biochemical degradation process. The combined ozone/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) advanced oxidation process (O3/PMS) based on sulfate radical (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) has developed rapidly in recent years. The O3/PMS process has become one of the most effective ways to treat antibiotic wastewater. The reaction mechanism of O3/PMS was reviewed in this paper, and the research and application progress of the O3/PMS process in the degradation of antibiotics in drinking water and wastewater effluent were evaluated. The operation characteristics and current application range of the process were summarized, which has a certain reference value for further research on O3/PMS process.