Valle De Los Research Articles

Analysis and Quantification of the Distribution of Marabou (Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn.) in Valle de los Ingenios, Cuba: A Remote Sensing Approach

Cuba is struggling with a growing environmental problem: the uncontrolled spread of the allochthonous weed species marabou (Dichrostachys cinerea) throughout the country. Over the last 70 years, marabou has become a formidable invasive species that poses a threat to Cuban biodiversity and agricultural productivity. In this paper, we present a free and affordable method for regularly mapping the spatial distribution of the marabou based on the Google Earth Engine platform and ecological surveys. To test its accuracy, we develop an 18-year remote sensing analysis (2000–2018) of marabou dynamics using the Valle de los Ingenios, a Cuban UNESCO World Heritage Site, as an experimental model. Our spatial analysis reveals clear patterns of marabou distribution and highlights areas of concentrated growth. Temporal trends illustrate the aggressive nature of the species, identifying periods of expansion and decline. In addition, our system is able to detect specific, large-scale human interventions against the marabou plague in the area. The results highlight the urgent need for remedial strategies to maintain the fragile ecological balance in the region.

Монументальное искусство в контексте исторической памяти: судьба работ Хуана де Авалоса в Испании и Парагвае

Monumental art is a special sphere of plastic art, a fusion of architecture and sculpture, which is closely related to the ideological guidelines of the era. In the second half of the 20th century. monumental art began to be expressed not only in individual sculptural and painting works, but also embodied in ensembles bearing the corresponding ideological qualities. Acting in synthesis with sculpture, architectural ensembles reflected the ideological content of the era and became an example of visual fixation in the public space of the key elements of the ideology of the ruling regime. One of the striking examples in the Ibero-American space was the Valley of the Fallen (el Valle de los Caídos) in Spain. One of the creators of this project was the Spanish sculptor Juan de Avalos, whose name became a kind of bridge connecting the monumental sculptural traditions of Spain and Latin American countries. When the Paraguayan dictator A. Stroessner visited the Valley of the Fallen, the complex impressed him greatly by the synchronization of the Spanish and Paraguayan ideological narratives. The result was an invitation from J. de Avalos to participate in the creation of the Victorious Peace Monument (A la Paz Victoriosa) in Paraguay. Turning to the sculptor’s work and the fate of his projects, one can see semantic parallels in the monumental sculpture of the authoritarian periods in Spain and Paraguay, as well as the metamorphoses occurring both with the works of J. de Avalos themselves and with the attitude towards them. The transformation of his Paraguayan sculptural group by Carlos Colombino created a new meaning in the Square of the Missing, and the monument itself, instead of the triumph and glory of the leader, paradoxically acquired a new decolonial meaning - the memory of the Indian peoples. In Spain, in debates about memory, the state of conflict becomes more important than memory itself, which cannot but cause concern for the future of the legacy of J. de Avalos in his homeland.

Exploring Biocontrol of Unwanted Fungi by Autochthonous Debaryomyces hansenii Strains Isolated from Dry Meat Products.

The exploration of alternatives to the use of chemical preservatives in food is a topic that has attracted great attention. The implementation of regulations associated with the reduction of these elements directly affects the production of cured meat products, with the premise of looking for more “natural” alternatives. From a previously identified collection of 24 strains of Debaryomyces hansenii, isolated from dry meat products of the “Valle de los Pedroches” (Córdoba), a screening was carried out to determine which strains had inhibitory potential against a battery of fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Candida. After a series of general trials, four strains showing the greatest potential were selected by a streak inhibition assay performed at several concentrations of NaCl. The inhibitory activity of the selected D. hansenii strains was later evaluated by measuring their fungal antagonistic diffusible and volatile compound production following radial inhibition and mouth-to-mouth approaches, respectively. Growth aspects, sporulation, and morphology changes were also considered during these assays. The results support ideas already raised in previous studies, such as the presence of D. hanseniii could imply a reduction of pathogenic fungi in food. Autochthonous yeast strains inhibited not only the mycelial growth, but also sporulation, which strengthens the biocontrol activity of this yeast. Our results show that, under certain conditions, all tested D. hansenii strains were able to alter the growth/development of fungi, being especially evident in the cases of Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger. Finally, our research can facilitate the future comparison of results in this area, since we contributed to standardize the methodology described to date, we quantified the number of yeast cells and spores used during the experiments, we homogenized growth conditions for both, yeasts, and molds, and applied an image analyzer software to quantify the growth of the studied microorganisms in solid media.

Rural Agrotourism Development Strategies in Less Favored Areas: The Case of Hacienda Guachinango de Trinidad

The objective of the work was to assess and identify potential perspectives for the development of agrotourism activity in the Hacienda Guachinango del Valle de los Ingenios in the Trinidad municipality, so that the methodology applied and the results achieved can serve as a reference for application in other similar contexts in the country and in the Central American area. For this, the analysis and synthesis of spatial elements, discussion groups, the interpretation of descriptive statistics, and the study of the natural and social environment were applied. The diagnosis of resources was carried out in this work to determine the degree of competitiveness and attraction of the agrotourism product, and it was possible to establish the most convenient strategies to follow, considering the real possibilities of prospective development of the place studied. It was concluded that the proposal to develop agrotourism in Hacienda Guachinango constitutes a viable option to design and introduce a strategy for growth and socioeconomic reactivation based on the use of the natural, historical, cultural, and social potentialities of the small families dedicated to agricultural work.

Fascist space and film: spatial practice and ideology in El Valle de los Caídos (1963) and La sombra de la cruz (2013)

ABSTRACT This article analyzes how film reproduces and/or contests the spatial practices of the most emblematic fascist monument in Spain, the Valley of the Fallen. I focus on two documentary representations of the monument made by foreigners, Hollywood director Andrew Marton’s El Valle de los Caídos (1963) and Italian Alessandro Pugno’s La sombra de la cruz (2013). I analyze how montage and cinematography tell a story of a Francoist space in two distinct moments in time. Though products of considerably different historical and social contexts, both documentaries tell a similar narrative of a monk who joins the Benedictine order located in the Valley, and both works seek to translate a national Spanish essence to a wider audience through a cinematic representation of a symbolic space. Marton’s film, a product of Samuel Bronston Productions, is a performance of the spatial aspirations and ideals of the Franco regime: we observe a “will to architecture” and a desire to create or recreate what Lefebvre calls “absolute space” through long shots and a filmic-cartographic aviator gaze. In the contemporary film La sombra de la cruz (2013), the gaze is dissonant and full of temporal and spatial contrasts, revealing the fragility, frictional core and threat of fascist spatial practice and ideology. Ultimately, this article reflects on the legacy of Francoist space in Spain and how the filmic gaze has evolved in response.

Spain’s Valley of the Fallen, Where Human Remains Disappear

This paper reflects on the Franco dictatorship's ideological use of the bodies of Spanish Civil War dead at the Valle de los Caídos (Valley of the Fallen) monument near Madrid. It examines how from 1958 onwards human remains were exhumed from cemeteries and mass graves across Spain and reinterred at the site, and it argues that, much like the setting and architecture of the memorial complex itself, they were used politically to make a distinction in Spain's national memory between the war's winners and losers. This served as the foundation for the necropolitical legitimacy of the Franco regime.

El Valle de los Caídos: la ruina y sus evocaciones

Nuestro propósito es reflexionar sobre el concepto de ruina y las evocaciones que suscita a partir de un espacio memorial como es el Valle de los Caídos, situado a pocos kilómetros de Madrid (España), que generó el pasado año 2019 una fuerte controversia política y social en el país. A partir de cuatro aproximaciones diferenciadas, pero que tienen su nexo de unión en el propio monumento heredado de la dictadura franquista, nos interrogamos sobre la relación entre memoria y espacialidad, así como sobre la configuración de un monumento de exaltación de la victoria de la guerra civil cuyas significaciones en el marco del actual sistema democrático son múltiples y contrapuestas, imposibilitando hacer de él un espacio de reconciliación entre los españoles.

Water Physicochemical Variables In The Rancheria River Delta, La Guajira, Colombia

The spatial-temporal dynamic of physical-chemical variables of the water was characterized and monitored in the Ranchería River in the Colombian Guajira. Five sampling stations were chosen, three in the arm The Riíto: Desembocadura (DB), El Mirador (EM) and Villa Fatima (VF), and two stations in the arm Calancalá: Cangrejito (CG) and Valle de los Cangrejos (VC), monthly measurements for one year were made of temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus and N/P relationship. The results indicate that the arms have a different dynamics between them. The salinity increased during the study period; it was higher in the stations of the Calancalá; the highest average was recorded in CG with 46.72±13.56 ups., the dissolved oxygen showed a different pattern in both arms, decreased from the rainy season (3.19-4.40 mg./L.) to dry (2.04-3.01 mg./L.) in the Riíto, while the opposite occurred in the arm Calancalá. The pH tended to be higher in the Calancalá with respect to Riito, being significantly different in both arms in the two seasons studied; alkalinity was statistically different in the dry season for both arms. The waters of the Riíto were more turbid (61.39 -81.71 ntu.) with regard to the Calancalá (30.02-30.17 ntu.) in the rainy season. The nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus showed little variability, becoming more notorious during the dry season. A great spatio-temporal variability of the physicochemical variables was evidenced, which distinguishes the two arms of the Ranchería River Delta, as a result of climatic factors and specific features of each arm, which generates an environmental heterogeneity, mainly during the dry season.

Stones of oblivion/stones of truth: A semiotic approach to the Valle de los Caídos and the politics of memory in contemporary Spain

Stones of oblivion/stones of truth: A semiotic approach to the Valle de los Caídos and the politics of memory in contemporary Spain

Political artefacts, aesthetics and heritage: the Valley of the Fallen

ABSTRACTWhen considering the values which define heritage, aesthetic value is usually one of the most important, nearly always linked to the idea of work of art and to concepts such as beauty or harmony. Furthermore, aesthetics and politics tend to be dealt with separately. However, the link between aesthetics and politics is key in order to manage the meaning of those artefacts made with the intention of altering the political environment (political artefacts), particularly when they could be (or when they have already become) heritage. This paper puts forward the idea that in order to fully comprehend the social effects of political artefacts, their relationship with aesthetics must be understood. The function of aesthetics in modifying the meanings and connotations of heritage, when the latter is considered to be negative from a socio-political point of view, is also examined. In order to exemplify this relationship between aesthetics and politics, the resignification of the Valley of the Fallen (Valle de los Caídos), the most iconic and important Francoist memorial in Spain, is discussed.

In This Issue

In This Issue Malcolm Alan Compitello, Executive Editor Volume 23 of the Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies hews to the commitment we made in Volume 1. We strive to provide readers with cutting edge scholarship that explores where scholars in the field of Hispanic Cultural Studies are pushing the boundaries of the field. At the same time, we want to be site of choice for restive scholars, young and old, who need a place to make their discipline exploding work available for wide dissemination, made possible through our collaboration with Project Muse and JSTORE. The articles published in this issue range across the time and space of the domain of Hispanic Cultural Studies. Jacqueline Sheean uses recent approaches from memory-based methodologies to examine the significance of Spain's Valle de los Caídos as a cultural and historical marker. Elizabeth Barrios rereads the importance of Venezuelan fiction dealing with oil production. The 17th century Historia general de las Indias Occidentales y particular de la gobernación de Chiapa y Guatemala is the subject of Ignacio Carvajal Regidor contribution. His article points out the act of textual mapping and defense of the activities of the Dominican order in this process. Ignacio Sarmiento looks at recent fiction from Guatemala and how its portrayal of a city in ruins stands as a metaphor of the disintegration of a communal national identity. Gema Vela looks at the spatial and sexual politics present in Iciar Bollaín first feature film, ¿Hola estás sola? Edma Delgado Solórzano's article offers a discursive analysis of the tactics used by the Cristeros in Mexico to justify their rebellion and its impact on cultural creation. Luis I. Prádanos has assembled and curated the innovative Special Section on environmental humanities for this issue. It is organized around several major themes (Waste, Urban Ecology, Gastronomy and Posthumanism). The contributions by Prádanos, Samuel Amago, Megan Saltzman, Matthew I. Feinberg, Susan Larson, Susan M. Divine, Benjamin Fraser, Jorge Marí, Eugenia Afinoguenova, Daniel Ares-López, Palmar Alvarez-Blanco and Steven L. Torres are innovative and expansive contributions to the growing field of environmental humanities and in so doing substantially enrich Hispanic Cultural Studies. As always, we thank you for your continued support and invite your comments, suggestions and your collaborations. [End Page 5] Click for larger view View full resolution Another word for home; along the sonoran coast by Keith Marroquin [End Page 6] Malcolm Alan Compitello, Executive Editor The University of Arizona Copyright © 2019 The Board of Regents of the University of Arizona

Debaryomyces hansenii Strains from Valle De Los Pedroches Iberian Dry Meat Products: Isolation, Identification, Characterization, and Selection for Starter Cultures.

Yeasts, filamentous fungi, and bacteria colonize the surface of fermented sausages during the ripening process. The source of this microbiota is their surrounding environment, and is influenced by the maturing conditions and starter cultures. Debaryomyces hansenii was previously isolated from several dry-cured meat products and associated with the lipolytic and proteolytic changes that occur in these products, influencing their taste and flavor. Therefore, this study isolated the yeast microbiota present in the casing from different meat products ("lomo," "chorizo," and "salchichón") from the Valle de los Pedroches region in southern Spain. D. hansenii was by far the most abundant species in each product, as all 22 selected isolates were identified as D. hansenii by biochemical and/or molecular methods. In contrast, no yeasts were found in the meat batter. These data constitute the first study of the yeasts present in "lomo" sausages and particularly the highly appreciated Valle de los Pedroches "lomo" sausages. Furthermore, the resistance of these isolates to different pHs, temperatures, and saline stress was studied, together with their catabolic characteristics. Based on the results, certain isolates are proposed as valuable candidate starter cultures that could improve both the manufacture and the flavor of such dry-cured meat products, and provide an understanding of new mechanisms involved in stress tolerance. Applied mediumscale industrial tests are currently in progress.

Noteworthy record of the kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) and its relation to physiographic characteristics in Baja California, Mexico

The kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) lives in sandy and shallow soils of the Pacific coastal plains and the ecoregion of San Felipe desert. The reports of this species are scarce and in Mexico it is listed as a threatened species. The populations of V. macrotis tend to decrease due to the change in the habitat to agricultural land, which has been one of the causes of the disappearance of kit fox populations in Mexico. As part of the project “Characterisation of water bodies in Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California”, 12 camera traps were placed in six watering holes that are visited by wildlife from January to August 2015. Digital terrain elevation models were used to describe three variables: roughness, slope inclination and orientation; these variables are essential for the kit fox to build its burrows, catch its preys and escape from predators. The analyses were also carried out in localities where this carnivore had previously been recorded in Baja California. An analysis of variance was used to determine the existence of similarities or differences between the topographical characteristics of the historical localities and the new record. The first photographic record of the kit fox was obtained in one of the watering holes located within the Valle de los Cirios Flora and Fauna Protection Area. The analyses of variance confirmed that there are no significant differences between roughness (F 4, 780 = 0.11, P > 0.05), slope inclination (F 4, 1275 = 0.319, P > 0.05) and orientation (F 4, 15 = 0.41, P > 0.05), between the historical localities and the site where the new record was obtained. Other carnivores were also recorded in the watering hole, such as the cougar (Puma concolor), bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans) and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). The presence of the kit fox is likely occasional in the watering hole, because the slopes are greater than 10 degrees and, therefore, these sites are unsuitable for the construction of burrows. However, flat sites with sandy substrates that empty into the Gulf of California occur at a distance of less than 5 km from the watering hole, which are therefore suitable to be inhabited by the kit fox. The analysis of topographic variables of the historical records coupled with camera traps jointly confirmed that the site with the new record has characteristics that are suitable for the kit fox.

MARCELINO PAN Y VINO UNA PELÍCULA FUNDACIONAL DEL ENMASCARAMIENTO DE LA ORFANDAD POLÍTICA

Resumen Marcelino pan y vino (1954) del director húngaro Ladislao Vajda, y con la actuación estelar de Pablito Calvo es un film basado en un cuento popular religioso cuya versión escrita es de la autoría de José María Sánchez Silva (1952) quien participó de la escritura del guión. Este estudio se concentrará en el análisis fílmico; en la inversión de roles genéricos por la cual se feminiza a los frailes en su rol maternal, en la elipsis temporal en la que se sitúa la historia (1808-14), en el origen misterioso de Marcelino, entre los elementos más salientes. Asimismo se demostrará mediante los prejuicios religiosos y la represión política como el film enmascara el trauma de la Guerra civil española y los cientos de niños huérfanos como resultado del conflicto. Finalmente, se concluirá vinculando el film con el monumento del Valle de los Caídos como otro gesto simbólico religioso de reconciliación sobre la Guerra fratricida.

A review of the Branchinecta (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from the Baja California Peninsula: first record of the giant fairy shrimp B. gigas Lynch, 1937 from Mexico

As a part of an ongoing research initiative on Sonoran Desert large branchiopod biodiversity, we conducted extensive field surveys along the Baja California Peninsula. We present here a taxonomic review of the genus Branchinecta on this peninsula. The results confirm the presence of B. lindahliPackard, 1883, B. mackiniDexter, 1956, and B. sandiegonensisFugate, 1993, and provide the first Mexican records of the world’s largest anostracan B. gigasLynch, 1937. The peninsular sites of the four Branchinecta represent the southernmost extent of their distribution. The giant fairy shrimp was discovered from two shallow temporary lakes located in the Valle de los Cirios. The large branchiopod species assemblage that occurs in these lakes is unique among the temporary wetlands of Mexico. These lakes, so far, are the only known habitats in Mexico where the tadpole shrimp Lepidurus lemmoniHolmes, 1894, and B. gigas occur.

Classification and environmental impact of solid waste generated in the beaches of Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia

This study was conducted to classify and evaluate the impact of solid waste generated in the beaches of Riohacha. The beaches sampled covered the length from Valle de los Cangrejos beach to Marbella’s Neigborhood beach. Samples were taken in five places, were marked transcets perpendicular to the coastline; then on these places there were selected parallel quadrants for solid waste collection. In addition, a survey was also applied to users and sellers of the beaches to determine the perception of odours and quantify its burden on tourism. The data about solid waste was analyzed using Kruskal-wallis test in SPSS 12.0 software. The level of significance used was 97.5% and the impact was estimated using Leopold method (1971). The inventory of the solid waste showed that most of the materials were organic matter, plastics, glass and miscellaneous. However, organic solid waste had higher percentages than the other materials. Incidentally, most of the material collected in each sampling station was found on the Active Zone (AZ) and the Passive Zone (PZ); areas where there are the highest concentrations of beach users. The odours with higher incidence came from garbage, urine and faeces, both from human and animals. The quantity and type of waste were found to be conditioned by the characteristics of the area as well as the economical activities of people around. There were not found significant differences in the amount of solid waste collected during the first and second sampling. The study showed that most of the material collected came from the waste disposal by residents and visitors, fishing and stool.

Cooperativas agroalimentarias y exportación. El proceso de internacionalización de la Cooperativa del Valle de Los Pedroches (COVAP)

The current work is intended to widen the information related with the internationalization of the Spanish food and agriculture’s cooperatives, as well as the markets and logistics in use to opening up to new markets. Moreover, this work analyses the case of “Sociedad Cooperativa Andaluza del Valle de los Pedroches (COVAP)”, which is becoming a reference as they were able to sell their products within 23 countries, including the demanding US market.

NOTEWORTHY RECORD OF WESTERN HARVEST MOUSE (MURIDAE: REITHRODONTOMYS MEGALOTIS) ON THE BAJA CALIFORNIA PENINSULA

In 1998, we made an inventory of mammals in the Valle de los Cirios Reserve of the central portion of the state of Baja California, Mexico. New records of Reithrodontomys megalotis were obtained and were collected in 3 years at the same locality. This species is restricted to small marshes within an arid region. The range expanded 230 km to the south.

Actividad coagulante del factor VII (FVIIc) en ancianos con cardiopatía isquémica

The coagulant activity of factor VII increases with age and is a risk factor in middle aged subjects. Its role in elderly people is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not FVIIc is a risk factor in such population. cases and controls study. The group of cases consisted of 79 subjects fulfilling the following criteria: a) age between 65 and 85 years, and b) admission in the Valle de los Pedroches Hospital of Pozoblanco (Córdoba, Spain) due to a myocardial infarction and/or unstable angina, 2 or 6 months before their enrollment. The control group consisted of 81 subjects of similar age, chosen at random from the municipal registry, and excluding those with coronary heart disease. Factor VIIc was measured by conventional methods. Plasma samples were diluted with deficient plasma in FVIIc, and coagulation times were measured after adding thromboplastin and calcium. The measures were compared with a <<control>> plasma and the results were presented as a percentage. There were no significant differences in the FVIIc between cases (118.3 [SD 22.2]) and controls (116.5 [24.4]; p = 0.630) in the total group. When classified according to their age, it was observed that within the group of more than 75 years old, cases had a higher FVIIc than controls (124.1 [18.2] vs 113.3 [23.5]; p < 0. 05). When the classification was carried out according to sex, male presented similar results than the total group. Bivariable analysis showed, in subjects with coronary diseases, that FVIIc was related to total cholesterol, cLDL, apoprotein B, body mass index, HbA1c, and age. Factors related to FVIIc in the multivariable analysis were basal glucose serum level, body mass index; cHDL was negatively related. FVIIc is higher in very old subjects with coronary diseases so it may be a significant coronary risk factor in this age group.

Clinically Significant Anti‐LWab by Monocyte Monolayer Assay

Vox SanguinisVolume 68, Issue 1 p. 66-67 Clinically Significant Anti-LWab by Monocyte Monolayer Assay R. Villalba, Corresponding Author R. Villalba Regional Blood Transfusion CenterCentra Regional de Transfusión Sanguinea Avd San Alberto Magno s/n 14004 Córdoba (Spain)Search for more papers by this authorP. Ceballos, P. Ceballos Department of Hematology, Valle de los Pedroches Hospital, (Pozoblanco), Cordoba, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorG. Fornés, G. Fornés Regional Blood Transfusion CenterSearch for more papers by this authorM. Eisman, M. Eisman Regional Blood Transfusion CenterSearch for more papers by this authorJ.L. Gómez Villagrán, J.L. Gómez Villagrán Regional Blood Transfusion CenterSearch for more papers by this author R. Villalba, Corresponding Author R. Villalba Regional Blood Transfusion CenterCentra Regional de Transfusión Sanguinea Avd San Alberto Magno s/n 14004 Córdoba (Spain)Search for more papers by this authorP. Ceballos, P. Ceballos Department of Hematology, Valle de los Pedroches Hospital, (Pozoblanco), Cordoba, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorG. Fornés, G. Fornés Regional Blood Transfusion CenterSearch for more papers by this authorM. Eisman, M. Eisman Regional Blood Transfusion CenterSearch for more papers by this authorJ.L. Gómez Villagrán, J.L. Gómez Villagrán Regional Blood Transfusion CenterSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1995 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb02552.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume68, Issue1January 1995Pages 66-67 RelatedInformation