Verification And Validation Research Articles

레스토랑 비건 메뉴 속성이 고객 만족과 추천 의도에 미치는 영향

Objective : This study was conducted to verify the relationship between the attributes of vegan menus perceived by consumers who have experienced vegan menus in restaurants, restaurant satisfaction, and intention to recommend. Methods : This study conducted an online survey, collected a total of 300 questionnaires, and used 277 of them for statistical analysis. This study used SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs for the statistical analysis and employed confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation analysis for demographic characteristics, general characteristics of the subjects, and reliability and validity verification. Results : All three attributes of vegan menu quality (menu quality, variety, and price) had a significant positive (+) effect on restaurant satisfaction. In particular, variety among the attributes of vegan menus had the most significant influence on satisfaction. In addition, restaurant satisfaction had a significantly positive (+) influence on the intention to recommend. Hence, all hypothesises were verified. Implications : Based on these research results, this study proposed an academically valuable study for vegan menus in the restaurant industry. Moreover, this study contributes to provide various marketing implications using vegan menus in restaurants.

Calibration of discrete meta-parameters of bamboo flour based on magnitude analysis and BP neural network.

In the research and development of technology and equipment for bamboo products deep processing, such as filling, drying, and medicinal use of bamboo flour (BF), the poor compaction and fluidity of BF materials entails the need for accurate discrete element model (DEM) and BF parameters to provide a reference for the simulation of BF processing operationsand the development of related equipment. The average particle size of the 5 types of BFs ranges from 0.136 mm to 0.293 mm, and the small particle size of BF particles causes to the number of BF particles in bamboo processing equipment to reach tens of millions or even billions. When conventional methods are used for simulation, ordinary computers cannot provide the required computing power. To address the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes a calibration method for the discrete element contact parameters of BFs based on dimensional analysis and a back propagation (BP) neural network. Using particle scaling theory and dimensional analysis methods, the average particle size of the BF was increased to 1 mm, and the main discrete element contact parameters of the five types of BF to be tested were used as input layers. The injection method and sidewall collapse method were used to obtain the angle of repose (AR) as the output layer. Fifty groups were randomly selected using MATLAB for EDEM simulation, and the simulation results were trained using the BP neural network algorithm; an ideal neural network model was obtained, the discrete element parameters of different BFs were predicted, and physical experiments were performed to verify two types of AR and mold hole compression under calibrated parameters. The relative error between the simulated AR obtained through calibration parameters and the physical experimental values is less than 2.3%. Through BF parameter validity verification, the simulated maximum compression displacement and compression ratio after stabilization were 34.81 mm and 0.477, which were close to the actual experimental results of 34.77 mm and 0.461, respectively, verifying the accuracy of the neural network prediction model. The research results provide a reference for the simulation of BF processing operations and the development of related equipment.

Resilience of nursing students: A concept analysis study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify attributes of resilience among nursing students. DesignThe concept analysis method was used. Data sourcesLiterature reviews from the past 10 years were searched in Science Direct, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, and the Wiley online library. The literature search database and review period were determined after verification of validity by five experts (nursing professors). The inclusion criteria for the literature review were that the paper must be written in English, and the abstract or title of the paper should have included attributes of nursing students' resilience. Exclusion criteria were papers written in languages other than English, papers that did not include the attributes of resilience of nursing students, and duplicate papers. Seventeen studies were included in the analysis. ResultsResilience among nursing students comprised three attributes and 28 sub-attributes. The three attributes were individual, educational, and situational. Individual attributes included personal competency characteristics (e.g., self-confidence and self-efficacy) and consisted of 15 sub-attributes. Educational attributes included characteristics related to academic and clinical practicum (e.g., coping with academic work pressure) and consisted of seven sub-attributes. Situational attributes comprised characteristics that changed according to circumstances (e.g., coping with increased levels of patient acuity during the crisis), such as the COVID-19 pandemic and social support from significant others, and consisted of six sub-attributes. ConclusionsThis study identified resilience attributes reflecting the characteristics of nursing students and recent situational changes. Consequently, tools to assess resilience should be developed based on study findings and utilized in various studies aimed at enhancing the resilience of nursing students.

델파이 기법을 활용한 강의평가 문항 개발 연구: K 대학의 강의평가 사례를 중심으로

Objectives The purpose of this research is to analyze references and previous researches related to lecture evaluation system, and to develop survey items for lecture evaluation system of K universities. Methods To achieve this purpose, the expert panel of professors among K university was formed, and conducted Delphi method from July 1 to December 29, 2023 to develop a measurement tool. Results Through two rounds of item validity verification by three experts, a total of 10 items were extracted. The research findings extracted four items in lecture planning and operation, including class planning, adherence to class time, interaction, and flexibility of the class; three items in lecture content and methods, including the delivery of lecture content, effectiveness of teaching methods, and appropriateness of learning materials; two items in evaluation, including the fairness of evaluation methods and post-evaluation guidance; and one item in lecture satisfaction. Conclusions The result of this research can provides verificated lecture evaluation tools, and suggests that universities should develop validated and reliable evaluation tools for various educational programs including lectures to offer customized curriculum to students.

Verification of validity of the electrodynamic model of ball lightning

The stability of ball lightning is analyzed. According to the electrodynamic model, the ball lightning consists of an energy core in the form of an ensemble of dynamic electric capacitors located inside a spherical shell of water. The dynamic capacitor consists of electrons and protons rotating in closed orbits. The shell tends to stretch under the force Fcf, which is, proportional to the kinetic energy of protons Ek, and the force Fel, proportional to the square of the uncompensated electric charge of the core Q2. The shell is compressed by the force Fsh proportional to its thickness a and the charge Q, as well as the atmospheric pressure force Pa. It is shown that, provided that the radius R of ball lightning can change only due to the work of internal forces, its size remains unchanged. The stability of the size of ball lightning is maintained under the balance of the rate of loss of its energy reserve Ek and the charge Q. If this balance is disturbed, an explosion of ball lightning or its collapse may occur. The relationship between the main parameters of ball lightning is considered: its energy Ek, charge Q, shell thickness a and shell radius R. The conditions for accumulation of maximum energy at a minimum shell thickness are found. The results of calculating the parameters of ball lightning with energy of 10-2300 MJ are compared with the parameters of observed high-energy ball lightning. It is shown that these data are in good agreement with each other.

Dynamic response and vibration suitability analysis of the large-span double-connected structure under coupled wind and pedestrian loads

Modern buildings increasingly utilize lightweight, high-strength materials and feature high-rise, large-span structural designs. These structures often exhibit low natural frequencies and are susceptible to resonance from low-frequency dynamic loads such as wind and pedestrian loads. This paper focuses on a large-span double-connected structure and analyzes its dynamic response under the combined effects of wind and pedestrian loads. First, a finite element model of the structure was created using ANSYS, and model validity verification and modal analysis were performed. Second, a Fourier-based pedestrian model was used to simulate pedestrian loads and generate time-range data. The pulsating wind speed was generated from the Davenport spectrum using the harmonic superposition method. Wind load time-range data were calculated for different heights using Bernoulli’s theorem. Finally, the solution yields information about the dynamic response of the structure. The study revealed maximum vertical comfort ratings in the connecting corridor were achieved when crowd density did not exceed 0.3 persons/m2. The connecting corridor’s most unfavorable horizontal comfort level was evaluated as a medium, except for the 0-degree wind angle condition. This paper provides experience in studying the dynamic response and vibration suitability assessment of the large-span double-connected structure under wind and pedestrian loads.

A Survey on Safety Accidents in Clinical Practice of Nursing Students

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to investigate the type of safety accidents experienced by nursing students during clinical practice in hospital and to determine the safety accident experiences according to the general characteristics of nursing students. Methods: The subjects of the study were 340 senior nursing students who experienced clinical practice of 9 nursing colleges in 7 regions of Korea. Data collection was done using the general characteristics and the safety accidents in clinical practice of nursing students tool that the researchers developed and took validity verification. Result: The most common safety accident in clinical practice was physical/psychological burnout, experienced by 111 students (32.6%). The second was psychological violence, experienced by 86(25.3%), and the third was needle stick/sharps Injuries, experienced by 63(18.5%). The fourth were musculoskeletal problems and sexual violence, each experienced by 43(12.6%). The occurrence of physical/ psychological burnout significantly differs depending on gender (χ2=16.40, p<.001), personality trait (χ2=7.03, p=.008), class lesson score (χ2=10.39, p=.006), university affiliated hospital (χ2=9.73, p=.002), health status (χ2=40.06, p<.001), and fatigue level (χ2=11.42, p=.003). The occurrence of traumatic injuries significantly differs depending on health status (χ2=11.89, p=.003). The occurrence of psychological violence significantly differs depending on personality traits (χ2=4.52, p=.033), health status (χ2=10.17, p=.006), and stress level (χ2=9.13, p=.010). Conclusion: In order to prevent and cope with safety accidents in clinical practice, universities and hospitals should have an organic relationship and provide education on accident prevention for nursing students, continuous monitoring of safety accidents, and develop in-hospital safety protocols for nursing students.

패션기업 ESG 평판 척도 개발 및 타당화

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an ESG reputation scale for fashion companies. Factors and items were derived through a literature review and a Delphi survey with 35 experts, and a preliminary survey of 386 consumers was conducted to verify the construct validity of the scale. To validate the final version of the scale, a main survey was conducted with 340 consumers, and confirmatory factor analysis, validity verification, and reliability testing were conducted using the collected data. The finalized ESG reputation scale for fashion companies is a five-point Likert scale comprising three factors (social management, environmental management, and compliance management) and 21 items. This study is significant in that it developed a scale allowing consumers to measure the ESG reputation of fashion companies, thereby extending the ESG evaluation system, which has traditionally focused on investor and corporate perspectives, to incorporate the consumer perspective. It is hoped that this scale will be used as a reference by fashion companies to consider the perspectives of consumers as key stakeholders in the future.

The Issues of Psychological Health Tests in Chinese High Schools

At present, adolescents are facing many challenges in mental health, and there are many problems with psychological test questions, so this paper aims to strengthen mental health education and interventions. There are many problems in the current psychological test questions, including insufficient professionalism, insufficient consideration of cultural differences, insufficient privacy protection, insufficient validity and reliability, excessive reliance on self-report, oversimplification of the interpretation of results, lack of timely updating and revision, suggestiveness of the questions, insufficient verification of reliability and validity, and failure to fully cover important aspects of mental health. These issues may affect the accuracy and reliability of test results and need to be continuously improved and resolved through scientific research and professional practice. When addressing mental health issues, schools should work with professionals to ensure that psychological tests are scientific and culturally appropriate, while updating test questions regularly. In addition, it combines quantitative and qualitative assessments, provides professional training, uses information technology to improve testing convenience, and establishes a feedback mechanism to optimize test questions. Resources and support are also needed after the exam to ensure that tests are designed without bias to help students address mental health challenges. Through these measures, the effectiveness of psychological testing can be improved, and the mental health and well-being of students can be promoted.

Enhancing Security in Automotive Unified Diagnostic Services: A Lightweight Certificate Validation Verification Approach

Enhancing Security in Automotive Unified Diagnostic Services: A Lightweight Certificate Validation Verification Approach

An exploratory study of nursing tasks that induce physical and mental stress among hospital nurses

BackgroundNursing tasks are major contributing factors of nurses' stress. Identifying these stress-inducing tasks by hospital and department is the first step in devising practical strategies to address this issue. ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a nursing task list by categorizing nursing tasks and identifying the ones that induced physical and mental stress among hospital nurses. MethodsThis descriptive exploratory study was conducted. In the first phase, the nursing task list was formulated based on a literature review and an expert content validity verification. In the second phase, the stress-inducing (both physical and mental) nursing tasks in different departments at two types of hospitals were investigated from 775 nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, χ2 test and ANOVA performed using SPSS/WIN 26.0. ResultsThe nursing task of “exercise and position change” was identified to cause the highest physical stress across all five departments in both advanced general hospitals and general hospitals. Similarly, the nursing task “explanation of patients' condition upon request from the patients' family members” induced the greatest mental stress in both advanced general hospitals and general hospitals. Finally, “substitution for physicians: prescription” was identified as the greatest mental stress-inducing nursing task in general hospitals. ConclusionBased on a nursing task list developed, we determined which nursing tasks induce physical and mental stress in different departments at two types of hospitals. This foundational work will be crucial for exploring practical strategies to relieve nurses' stress.

Next steps for assessing ocean iron fertilization for marine carbon dioxide removal

There are many potential approaches to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR), of which ocean iron fertilization (OIF) has the longest history of study. However, OIF studies to date were not primarily designed to quantify the durability of carbon (C) storage, nor how wise OIF might be as an mCDR approach. To quantify C sequestration, we introduce a metric called the “centennial tonne,” defined as 1,000 kg of C isolated from atmospheric contact for on average at least 100 years. We present the activities needed to assess OIF from a scientific and technological perspective, and additionally, how it might be responsibly studied and potentially deployed. The five activities include: field studies in the Northeast Pacific; improved modeling for field studies, data assimilation and predictions at larger scales; improvements in monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) for C, and also MRV for tracking ecological and environmental impacts; and developing new iron sources and their delivery, to increase efficiencies and reduce costs. The fifth activity is to understand whether public and community support exists for OIF, and what governance structures might support further research and possible deployment of OIF. This article is written by a multidisciplinary experts group called Exploring Ocean Iron Solutions (ExOIS) that is organized around a responsible code of conduct. Of the mCDR approaches, OIF has the potential to be low cost, scalable, and rapidly deployable. Reducing CO2 emissions must lead the way, but there is also an urgency to decide under what conditions and whether OIF might be deployed or not.

Validity And Realibility Of The Knowledge, Attitude And Practice (Kap) Questionnaire On Hexagonal And Olympic Barbell Deadlift Among Young University Students

An instrument for assessing the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) regarding hexagonal and Olympic barbell deadlift among young university students is crucial for identifying any gaps in KAP. This assessment can assist in developing specific educational interventions, enhancing training programs, improving overall strength and conditioning outcomes, and mitigating health risks. The objective of this study was to create and verify a questionnaire, specifically designed for young university students, that assesses knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to hexagonal and Olympic barbell deadlift exercises. A study employing purposive sampling was undertaken among a cohort of 242 young university students in Malaysia. This questionnaire was derived from a previous study and enhanced with additional components related to hexagonal and Olympic barbell deadlift. The verification of content validity, construct validity, and reliability was conducted utilising several tests. All the items in the questionnaire contribute to a minimal factor structure, as indicated by the results of a rotational component matrix. The Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20) coefficient for the knowledge domain was 0.73, which is regarded satisfactory. The Cronbach's Alpha values above 0.70, indicating strong reliability. However, they were lower than the overall Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.965 for the practice domain. Therefore, no item needed to be removed. This questionnaire demonstrates robust validity and reliability, making it suitable for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to hexagonal and Olympic barbell deadlift.

Carbon monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) for cleaner built environment: Developing a solar photovoltaic blockchain tool and applications in Hong Kong's building sector

Photovoltaic (PV) systems offer significant potential for net-zero emission targets, due to their flexibility and high exploitation capacity. However, effective carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) methods are crucial for their life cycle. The present study introduces a novel blockchain-based carbon auditing tool aimed at supporting the life cycle assessment of PV systems in Hong Kong's building sector. Consequently, all relevant information throughout the PV system's life cycle is uploaded and securely recorded within the blockchain system. The decentralized network structure, distributed consensus, and cryptographic methods employed by blockchain technology ensure the traceability, immutability, and transparency of the recorded information. Furthermore, this study provides an analysis of the installation potential and life cycle environmental benefits of PV systems in Hong Kong's building sector. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed framework is demonstrated through case studies conducted in Hong Kong. These findings underline the reliability of the proposed blockchain-based tool as a technological foundation for carbon MRV in the Hong Kong building PV sector.

Distributed predefined-time optimal economic dispatch for microgrids

With the massive popularization of distributed generators, optimal economic dispatch has been a key optimization problem to maintain stable and efficient work of the whole system. In this paper, a new smooth reconstruction penalty function with continuous and piecewise linear differential is designed to deal with generation power constraints, which promotes to obtain a better suboptimal solution compared with the existing smooth penalty methods. A distributed predefined-time optimal economic dispatch strategy is presented by utilizing a time-based function. By employing the proposed strategy, the minimization of the generation cost with transmission loss under the power balance constraint and generation minimum/maximum constraints can be realized within a predefined settling time. The performance of the proposed optimization strategy is evaluated by simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments in terms of validity verification, robustness to load change and topology reconfiguration, plug-and-play functionality, and comparison with the existing results to illustrate the advantages of fast convergence and near optimal results.

The Influence of Servant Leadership, Competency, Educational Qualifications, Work Environment on Employee Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction

Performance is showing the quality and quantity of work achieved by an employee after carrying out the job duties assigned by the organization. Employee performance is influenced by many indicators such as servant leadership, competence, educational qualifications and work environment. This study aims to examine the influence of servant leadership, competency, educational qualifications and work environment on employee performance is mediated by job satisfaction. This research was conducted at the Regional Office X of the State Civil Service Agency with Civil Servants as research subjects. The population of this research is all Civil Servants who work at the Regional Office X of the State Civil Service Agency, totaling 89 people and using the saturated sample method, so that all employees are used as samples. Researchers used quantitative research with primary data from questionnaires distributed to Civil Servants of the State Civil Service Agency Regional Office X through google form with a Likert scale of 1-10. Using SEM Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis technique. The results showed that servant leadership, competence, educational qualifications and work environment have a positive effect and significant on job satisfaction. Servant leadership, competence, work environment and job satisfaction have a positive effect on employee performance but educational qualifications have a negative effect and not significant on employee performance. Job satisfaction is able to mediated the influence of servant leadership, competence, educational qualifications and work environment on employee performance. The implications of this research can contribute information in understanding the specific relationship of leaders in determining decisions related to employee performance appraisal by considering the competence and educational qualifications of employees, increasing servant leadership of leaders and improving the quality of the work environment in order to improve the performance.

The Essential Guide to Computer System Validation in the Pharmaceutical Industry.

This review aims to provide an essential guide to computer system validation (CSV) in the pharmaceutical industry. CSVis a process for ensuring that computer-based systems produce data and information that meets a set of pre-defined requirements. The pharmaceutical industry relies on data integrity to ensure reliable, accurate, and consistent information throughout the product lifecycle. Nowadays, since CSV plays an important role in the production and the final stages of a product, it is vital to ensure the reliability of the computer system, ensuring that it meets predefined requirements. The life cycle of CSV starts from the planning stage to the modification stage. Validation involves design, installation, operational, and performance qualifications (PQ), starting with a master plan and ending with periodic system reviews. Failure to validate the computer system leads to various regulatory compliances. Validating computer systems offers numerous benefits, including improved quality, reduced validation costs and time, and improved GMP compliance with 21 CFR part 11 regulations. Validating the computer system significantly affects how well, securely, and accurately products are made, ensuring they meet GxP requirements.

Towards a fair, reliable, and practical verification framework for Blue Carbon-based CDR

Abstract While the (re-)establishment of Blue Carbon Ecosystems (BCE) is seen as an important tool to mitigate climate change, the credibility of such nature-based solutions has been marred by recent revelations ranging from weak accounting to malpractice. In light of this, there is a clear need to develop monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems towards the reliable, practical, and accurate accounting of additional and durable carbon dioxide removal (CDR). We propose the development of a Blue Carbon Ecosystem Digital Twin (BCE-DT) as a practical solution, integrating real-time data and models into What-If Scenarios of CDR aimed at the quantification of CDR additionality and durability. Critically, such a solution would be amenable to projects across a broad range in spatial scale and ecosytem type. In parallel, we propose the creation of an independent and not-for-profit Standards Development Organization (SDO) for the management of this Digital Twin and oversight of the certification process based on MRV. Considering the interwoven nature of the scientific and policy/legal needs we raise, an improved dialogue and collaboration between the scientific and policy communities is clearly needed. We argue that this BCE-DT, along with its oversight and implementation by a SDO, would fit this niche and support the fair and accurate implementation of MRV critically needed for BCE-based CDR to proceed.

메타버스를 활용한 e-PBL 프로그램 개발 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop an e-PBL program using Metaverse and apply it to classes to verify its effectiveness. Methods For this purpose, this study developed a program according to the ADDIE design model procedure. First, after conducting literature and case analysis according to the content analysis method, design principles and support structures were derived through a categorization process. And a draft was completed based on the design principles. Second, improvements and supplements were derived through expert FGI on the draft program. After completing the final draft of the program by reflecting the results of FGI, validity verification was conducted. Third, after applying the final draft to the class, a satisfaction survey and an interview regarding open-ended survey items were conducted. Results The results of this study are as follows. First, five design principles and support structures were derived through the third categorization process of the content analysis method, and a draft program was derived by combining them. Second, expert FGI was conducted on the draft program to identify points of improvement and supplementation, and the final draft of the program was completed by reflecting these points. Third, validity (.88) and reliability (.76) were secured by conducting an expert validation (CVI) test and an inter-rater reliability test on the final draft of the program. Fourth, after applying the final plan of the program to the class, pre- and post-satisfaction was conducted, and it was confirmed that post-satisfaction (4.63) improved compared to pre-satisfaction (4.57). As a result of conducting individual interviews with five students in response to open survey questions, it was confirmed what was helpful, what was difficult, and what improvements or wishes were made in the program. Conclusions This study developed an e-PBL program using Metaverse for collaboration and problem-solving learning in virtual space required in the digital era, and investigated the effects of applying it to classes. It is expected that this will be able to provide meaningful information for the possibility of using the metaverse needed in future educational fields and for professorial research and development.

Feeding Assistance Skill Score: development and verification of reliability and validity.

Feeding assistance should be safe and improve the assisted individual's ability to feed, yet objective tools for evaluating these skills are lacking. This study focuses on developing a tool for assessing feeding assistance skills. A group consisting of 25 experts employed the Delphi method to achieve a consensus on the essential items necessary for assessing feeding assistance skills. Subsequently, a draft score using a three-point scale was developed. To test the reliability of the draft scores, a group of 20 patients and 20 nurses was matched to record a meal assistance scene, which were independently evaluated by three raters. We computed the AC1 statistic to assess both intra- and inter-rater reliability, and further examined correlations between the Feeding Assistance Skill Score (FASS) scores and outcome items to verify validity. Initially, an 18-item draft score was generated using the Delphi method. Subsequently, seven items were omitted from the intra- or inter-rater reliability analysis. Furthermore, after discussion, researchers removed one item that assessed food cognition, because the agreement score between the two items was 91%. Finally, the 10-item FASS was developed, showing a correlation with dietary intake upon validation. We successfully developed a scoring system for peer evaluation of feeding assistance skills. Future studies should aim to validate the FASS. The implementation of the FASS aims to assess the effectiveness of feeding assistance training and care quality, potentially improving safety and satisfaction for those receiving feeding assistance.