Valid Screening Measure Research Articles

The Cosmetic Readiness Questionnaire (CRQ): Validation of a Pre-Operative Psychological Screening Tool for Aesthetic Procedures.

Several psychological risk factors are associated with patient dissatisfaction with aesthetic procedures, such as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), unmanaged mental health concerns or unrealistic expectations. Identifying these risks via preoperative screening may protect patients from adverse psychological outcomes and provide reputational or legal protection for practitioners. This study aimed to further develop and validate the Cosmetic Readiness Questionnaire (CRQ), a comprehensive psychological screening tool to assess patient suitability for surgical and non-surgical aesthetic procedures. The CRQ was validated across two studies in clinical contexts, examining structural and construct validity in a sample of 8031 individuals who completed the CRQ as part of routine clinical care. In a further sample (n = 574), criterion validity was explored through the relationship between the CRQ and dissatisfaction with past aesthetic treatments. Risk category cut-off scores were developed. Results supported the reliability and validity of a five-factor CRQ which measures Body Dysmorphia, Psychological Distress, Self-Criticism, Unrealistic Expectations and Lack of Openness. High scorers on the CRQ were 78% more likely to report dissatisfaction with a past cosmetic procedure than low scorers. The CRQ is a comprehensive and valid screening measure to identify patients who may require further psychological assessment or additional support prior to aesthetic treatment. Instructions are provided on how to implement the CRQ in clinical practice.

The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) Children's Version.

There is no validated screening measure for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Korea. The purpose of the present study was (1) to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Autism Spectrum-Child (K-AQ-Child); (2) to find the optimal cut-off value of the K- AQ-Child in the Korean population. A total of 144 children aged 4-11 years (male 80.6%, mean age = 7.05 ± 1.75) were recruited in this study, with 72 in the high-functioning ASD group and 72 in the non-clinical Control group. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the K-AQ-child was 0.962, showing excellent internal consistency. For discriminant validity, the ASD group scored significantly higher than the Control group on the total score and all the scores of the subdomains of the K-AQ-Child after controlling for sex. Significant positive correlation between total scores of the K-AQ-Child and the K-SCQ was found. The optimal cut-off value of 58.5 yielded a sensitivity of 0.931 and specificity of 0.986. K-AQ-Child is a valid and reliable measure to quantify autistic traits and identify the high-risk individuals for further diagnostic evaluation in intellectually capable children aged 4-11 years. It would be useful for both clinical practice and research purposes. Clinical Trial Registration The trial was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) of Republic of Korea (Registration Number: KCT0008907).

The moderating role of sleep hours in the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal investigation

Although childhood trauma has been identified as one of the major risk factors for depression, the potential mechanisms behind this relationship remain less clear. As sleep disturbances are associated with both childhood trauma and depression, this study examined the moderating effects of sleep hours on this relationship. The sample consisted of young adults from an international longitudinal survey project (N = 146). Participants completed validated screening measures of childhood trauma and depressive symptoms and reported their sleep hours at baseline (T1), and then reported their depressive symptoms again at follow-up (T2) after 3 months. Multiple regression and moderation analyses were used to analyze the data. T1 childhood trauma was positively correlated to depressive symptoms at both T1 (r = .26, p < .01) and T2 (r = .21, p < .05). After controlling for demographic variables and T1 depressive symptoms, T1 sleep hours significantly predicted T2 depressive symptoms (β = .136, p = .038). Furthermore, the number of sleep hours moderated the effects of T1 childhood trauma on T2 depressive symptoms. T1 childhood trauma predicted T2 depressive symptoms only when sleep hours were low (B = .2056, p = .0075). This study provided evidence that childhood trauma was significantly associated with aggravated depressive symptoms under sleep deprivation. Proactive management of sleep problems might be beneficial to people with childhood trauma. Future studies are needed to evaluate sleep-focused interventions for childhood trauma survivors.

The efficacy of mobile applications for reducing depression in adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

Mobile applications for mental health have the potential to aid people with mental health disorders, especially depression, by providing them with tools and coping mechanisms. Adolescents and young adults, being at risk of depressive symptoms and leading mobile users, are among the main targets of using mobile applications to alleviate symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mobile application-based psychological interventions in reducing depression symptoms in adolescents and young adults compared to those not exposed to the intervention. We conducted a meta-analysis focusing on mobile applications for reducing depressive symptoms. We searched two databases: MEDLINE and EMBASE and included randomized controlled trials conducted in English among participants aged 18-35 years old who were assessed for depressive symptoms using a validated screening measure and used mobile applications-based psychological interventions. Two of six independent reviewers conducted study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment. A pooled mean standardized difference (Cohen's d) and 95% CI were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using I2 statistics and forest plot. Egger's test was used for assessing publication bias. After screening 740 references, we identified 12 trials with 1869 participants, with a mean age of participants ranging from 14.70 to 25.1 years. The interventions ranged from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based mobile apps to interactive story-telling apps and apps delivering a mix of CBT, interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents, and dialectical behavior therapy elements. Control groups included information-only, waitlist, no intervention, and treatment as usual. Seven studies used Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess the severity of depressive symptoms, while the other five used different scales. There was no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.325). The mobile applications reduced depression score by 0.08 units of standardized difference more than the control, with a 95% CI of -0.19 to 0.03 (p = 0.294, I2 = 15.4%) using standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect estimate. In a sensitivity analysis including only studies that used PHQ-9, we found a similar trend, SMD -0.72 (95%CI -1.48 to 0.03). However, both findings were not significant. Current evidence is insufficient to support mobile applications to relieve depression symptoms in adolescents and young adults. Further trials with larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings of a positive trend. With emerging technologies and the high exposure of apps in this population, mobile applications for depression hold promise for the future of treatment and awareness of mental health disorders in this population.

Hearing loss and psychosocial outcomes: Influences of social emotional aspects and personality.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of social isolation, loneliness, anxiety, depression, higher stress, and memory complaints interacting with personality traits as a function of hearing loss. Personality traits have previously been shown to correlate with anxiety and depression, as well as hearing loss, suggesting an effect of personality on the relationship between social emotional outcomes and hearing loss. A cross-sectional survey including validated screening measures was anonymously administered. Measures included personality (Big Five Index-2 Extra-Short Form), stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety), loneliness (Three-Item Loneliness Scale), social engagement (Lubben Social Network Scale-6), and self-perceived memory complaints (Subjective Cognitive Function). Eight hundred and ninety-one responses were obtained from adults between the ages of 18 and 90 years old (M = 50 years old). Hearing loss was positively correlated with subjective memory complaints only when not accounting for demographic variables, personality traits, psychosocial outcomes, and social emotional outcomes. There were additive effects of hearing loss and negative emotionality on increases in memory complaints in those who self-identified as maybe having hearing loss. Higher degrees of hearing loss also increased loneliness, with greater hearing loss negating the positive correlation between extraversion and social engagement. Overall, our results suggest that hearing loss significantly interacts with personality traits and other social emotional measures. Our results suggest that the impact of hearing loss on memory complaints, social isolation, and loneliness may differ across patients with hearing loss in comparison with those who think they maybe have hearing loss. Information from this study may provide insights for hearing healthcare and mental healthcare professionals to better serve persons with hearing loss who may require additional support or interventions.

Validating cognitive screening in young people with first-episode psychosis: The CogScreen protocol.

Cognitive impairments are a core feature of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and one of the strongest predictors of long-term psychosocial functioning. Cognition should be assessed and treated as part of routine clinical care for FEP. Cognitive screening offers the opportunity to rapidly identify and triage those in most need of cognitive support. However, there are currently no validated screening measures for young people with FEP. CogScreen is a hybrid effectiveness-implementation study which aims to evaluate the classification accuracy (relative to a neuropsychological assessment as a reference standard), test-retest reliability and acceptability of two cognitive screening tools in young people with FEP. Participants will be 350 young people (aged 12-25) attending primary and specialist FEP treatment centres in three large metropolitan cities (Adelaide, Sydney, and Melbourne) in Australia. All participants will complete a cross-sectional assessment over two sessions including two cognitive screening tools (Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry and Montreal Cognitive Assessment), a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental assessments, and other supplementary clinical measures. To determine the test-retest reliability of the cognitive screening tools, a subset of 120 participants will repeat the screening measures two weeks later. The protocol, rationale, and hypotheses for CogScreen are presented. CogScreen will provide empirical evidence for the validity and reliability of two cognitive screening tools when compared to a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The screening measures may later be incorporated into clinical practice to assist with rapid identification and treatment of cognitive deficits commonly experienced by young people with FEP.

Empowering School Staff to Support Pupil Mental Health Through a Brief, Interactive Web-Based Training Program: Mixed Methods Study.

Schools in the United Kingdom and elsewhere are expected to protect and promote pupil mental health. However, many school staff members do not feel confident in identifying and responding to pupil mental health difficulties and report wanting additional training in this area. We aimed to explore the feasibility of Kognito's At-Risk for Elementary School Educators, a brief, interactive web-based training program that uses a simulation-based approach to improve school staff's knowledge and skills in supporting pupil mental health. We conducted a mixed methods, nonrandomized feasibility study of At-Risk for Elementary School Educators in 6 UK primary schools. Our outcomes were (1) school staff's self-efficacy and preparedness to identify and respond to pupil mental health difficulties, (2) school staff's identification of mental health difficulties and increased risk of mental health difficulties, (3) mental health support for identified pupils (including conversations about concerns, documentation of concerns, in-class and in-school support, and referral and access to specialist mental health services), and (4) the acceptability and practicality of the training. We assessed these outcomes using a series of questionnaires completed at baseline (T1), 1 week after the training (T2), and 3 months after the training (T3), as well as semistructured qualitative interviews. Following guidance for feasibility studies, we assessed quantitative outcomes across time points by comparing medians and IQRs and analyzed qualitative data using reflexive thematic analysis. A total of 108 teachers and teaching assistants (TAs) completed T1 questionnaires, 89 (82.4%) completed T2 questionnaires, and 70 (64.8%) completed T3 questionnaires; 54 (50%) completed all 3. Eight school staff members, including teachers, TAs, mental health leads, and senior leaders, participated in the interviews. School staff reported greater confidence and preparedness in identifying and responding to mental health difficulties after completing the training. The proportion of pupils whom they identified as having mental health difficulties or increased risk declined slightly over time (medianT1=10%; medianT2=10%; medianT3=7.4%), but findings suggested a slight increase in accuracy compared with a validated screening measure (the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). In-school mental health support outcomes for identified pupils improved after the training, with increases in formal documentation and communication of concerns as well as provision of in-class and in-school support. Referrals and access to external mental health services remained constant. The qualitative findings indicated that school staff perceived the training as useful, practical, and acceptable. The findings suggest that brief, interactive web-based training programs such as At-Risk for Elementary School Educators are a feasible means to improve the identification of and response to mental health difficulties in UK primary schools. Such training may help address the high prevalence of mental health difficulties in this age group by helping facilitate access to care and support.

Validation of the autism behavior checklist in Egyptian children with autism spectrum disorder

ABSTRACT This study was designed to validate the Arabic version of the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) for the Egyptian population. A total of 500 mothers of children aged 4–14 years, of whom 150 had a diagnosis of ASD, 100 with intellectual disability, and 250 typically developing children completed the ABC. The factor analysis showed that 48 of 57 ABC items yielded a five-dimensional factor structure. The ABC-Arabic version indicated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.85) and test – retest reliability (0.82). Also, the ABC exhibited good concurrent validity and discriminative validity. A cutoff score of 58 obtained a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 92.14% for detecting children with ASD. Our findings support the use of the ABC as a valid screening measure for ASD cases, and it may promote the use of the ABC for clinical and research purposes among Arabic-speaking communities.

Infectious Illness Symptoms Are Associated with Elevated Anxiety in a Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To evaluate whether infectious illness symptoms (IIS) are associated with generalized anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in sexual/gender (SGM) minority young adults assigned male at birth (AMAB). Four hundred eighteen participants (median age = 25; range, 20-40) were recruited through RADAR, an ongoing Chicago-based cohort study of SGM-AMAB between September 2020 and February 2021. Participants completed online surveys. A subset (n = 145) provided dried blood spot samples to assess SARS-CoV-2 serostatus. One hundred twenty participants (28.7%) had GAD-7 scores of 10 or greater, which indicates generalized anxiety symptoms that may be clinically significant. In a binomial logistic regression model adjusting age, gender identity, race/ethnicity, substance use, and HIV status, the authors found that having a higher IIS count since March 1, 2020, was associated with greater odds of having a GAD-7 score of 10 or greater (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04, 1.25; P = 0.007). This effect was more pronounced in a binomial logistic regression model adjusting for the same covariates but using current IIS count as the independent variable (OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13, 1.74; P = 0.002). Among SGM-AMAB young adults, those who experienced ISS reported higher scores on the GAD-7, a widely used and validated screening measure for generalized anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of screening for anxiety disorders when patients present with IIS in clinical settings and psychobehavioral health follow-ups when indicated.

Cardiovascular Symptoms, Dysautonomia, and Quality of Life in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Brief Review.

Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by joint hypermobility and other systemic manifestations, such as cardiovascular symptoms, musculoskeletal pain, and joint instability. Cardiovascular symptoms, such as lightheadedness and palpitations, and types of dysautonomia, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), are frequently reported in adults with hEDS and have been shown to negatively impact quality of life (QoL). This brief review will be an overview of co-occurring symptoms in POTS and hEDS to inform potential cardiovascular screening procedures. While many patients with hEDS report cardiovascular symptoms, few have structural abnormalities, suggesting that dysautonomia is likely responsible for these symptoms. One validated screening measure for dysautonomia symptom burden is the Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS-31). Studies have found that adults with POTS, hEDS, and both POTS and hEDS have higher COMPASS-31 scores than the general population, suggesting a high symptom burden due to dysautonomia, which leads to impaired QoL. While studies have examined cardiovascular symptoms and the impact of dysautonomia in adults with and without hEDS, there is scant literature on dysautonomia in pediatric patients with hEDS. Therefore, more studies on cardiovascular symptoms and dysautonomia, as they relate to the quality of life in pediatric patients with hEDS, are needed. This brief review summarizes the current literature on dysautonomia and cardiovascular symptoms in pediatric and adult populations with hEDS.

Screening Children in India: Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Timely screening and surveillance of children for developmental delay and social-emotional learning difficulties are essential in Low- and Middle-Income Countries like India. Screening measures like the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) are considered suitable for India due to their low cost, easy accessibility, and no training requirement for administration. However, India lacks validated screening measures, and the PEDS and SDQ have yet to be validated for children in India. The study aimed to translate the PEDS and SDQ from English to Hindi and psychometrically evaluate the same measures on children aged 4-8 years in India. The original PEDS and SDQ forms and their translations were pilot tested on 55 participants and evaluated using data from 407 children with typical development (TD) and 59 children with developmental disability (DD). Parents and teachers reported no meaningful discrepancy between the original and translated (Hindi) questionnaires. Internal consistency for the PEDS was acceptable, but unacceptable for most subscales on the SDQ, for both TD and DD samples. Test-retest reliability was poor for the PEDS but adequate for the SDQ. Results from known-group validity testing showed that the PEDS scores could be used to distinguish between the TD and DD samples. The results from this study provide further support for the use of the PEDS and SDQ in developing countries like India.

Validity, Reliability, and Cross-Cultural Comparability of a Problematic Overstudying Scale across European, North American, and Asian countries

AbstractProblematic overstudying has been conceptualized as a potential addictive disorder and an early form of work addiction. Previous studies have shown that it is a different phenomenon from healthy learning engagement and is associated with considerable functional impairments. A valid, reliable, and convenient screening measure is warranted to provide cross-culturally comparable and generalizable findings, particularly from large epidemiological studies. The seven-item Bergen Study Addiction Scale (BStAS), based on an addiction framework, was administered alongside learning engagement and anxiety measures in a total sample of 5,884 university students from three continents and five countries: India, Norway, Poland, Portugal, and the United States. The modified five-item version of the scale showed measurement invariance across countries and between genders and allowed for meaningful cross-cultural and gender comparisons. Scores on the BStAS were positively associated with learning engagement, anxiety, and female gender across countries. Clinically significant anxiety levels occurred about 1.7 times more often among students who scored above the cutoff for study addiction. It is concluded that the five-item BStAS is a valid, reliable scale that can be used in different cultures and provides comparable and generalizable results. Future studies with the BStAS may provide greater insight into the nature of problematic overstudying.

Identifying Learning Disability Screens for Spanish-Speaking Adults

The successful screening for possible learning disabilities (LD) is a crucial first step in the process of identifying signs of LD, gaining assistance and/or accommodations, and obtaining a more complete LD assessment. Although Latino people are the largest ethnic minority in the United States, and more specifically in California, there remains a clear need for a valid LD screening measure that is appropriate for adult Spanish speakers, particularly low-income individuals. This study evaluated the validity of three brief measures to screen for LD among low-income Spanish-speaking adults: Empire State Screen, Welfare-to-Work [WTW] 18, and MATILDA-R. The study also provides an initial estimate of LD risk in the low-income Spanish-speaking population. To estimate the predictive utility of each screening measure, 1,040 Spanish-speaking adults were administered each of the three screens and then assessed for indications of LD using multiple scoring methods (Bateria Discrepancy Diagnosis [BDD], pattern of strengths and weaknesses [PSW], and DSM-5). The translated WTW 18 Screen and the MATILDA-R appeared most promising. A culturally-sensitive, validated LD screen will help ensure that social workers and other helping professionals have access to appropriate and legally required interventions for this marginalized population.

A Short-Form Measure of Diabetes Distress Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes for Use in Clinical Practice: Development and Validation of the T1-DDS-7.

Valid and reliable diabetes distress assessment is essential for identifying adults with elevated levels of concern and to guide targeted support. However, assessing diabetes distress must also be feasible in time-limited settings. We aimed to identify a short-form measure of the 28-item Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale (T1-DDS-28) representing seven sources of type 1 diabetes distress that would be convenient for use in clinical practice. Based on the evaluation of influence and importance by 14 experts in diabetes care and research, we identified the best-performing item within each of seven sources of diabetes distress included in the T1-DDS-28. To further validate the proposed short-form measure, we used survey data from 2,016 adults living with type 1 diabetes. Validity was examined by exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's α, test-retest reliability analysis, and correlations with other psychosocial measures. We identified a short-form measure of the T1-DDS-28 consisting of seven items, each representing a source of diabetes distress. These items showed satisfactory reliability (factor loadings > 0.45; α = 0.82; test-retest correlation, r = 0.90) and validity (correlation with T1-DDS-28, r = 0.95; area under the curve = 0.91; sensitivity 93%; specificity 89%) when combined in the short-form scale (T1-DDS-7). We propose the T1-DDS-7 as a valid and reliable measure for routine screening of diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes. In case of elevated levels of diabetes distress, we recommend that a full-scale assessment and open dialogue follow the short-form measure before determining further treatment.

A-14 Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of High School Athlete's Concussion Reporting Behaviors

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate athletic trainers’ (AT) perspectives of high school athletes overreporting concussion symptoms and evaluate their willingness to incorporate a neuropsychologist or licensed mental health professional on the sports medicine team. Methods This study was completed via electronic survey sent to 1,000 ATs employed in secondary schools across the United States. A total of 64 participants (17 male, 45 female, 2 non-binary) completed the survey. Participants were selected based on age greater than 21 years old employment in a secondary school. Frequencies and descriptive statistics were obtained for each variable, including AT experience level, AT confidence in diagnosis of SRC, school division, concern of overreporting, and willingness to add a mental health professional or neuropsychologist to the sports medicine team. Results Results of this study revealed 75% (n=64) of the participants endorsed concerns with athletes overreporting concussion symptoms, while 96.9% expressed interest in adding a neuropsychologist or mental health professional to the consultation team. Furthermore, 67.2% believe athletes view concussion as a way to discontinue playing their sport. Additionally, study results yielded a negative correlation between ATs’ school division and the rate of concern for overreporting concussion symptoms, r(62)=-.21, p=.047. Conclusions Overall, results indicated a growing concern regarding the validity of self-report symptoms associated with SRCs in high school athletes. Our findings highlight the need for valid and reliable screening measures and neuropsychological consultation. Future research is also needed to identify factors associated with concussion overreporting.

(123) Evaluation of a Vaginal Insert for Self-assessment of Endometriosis-associated Deep Dyspareunia

Abstract Introduction Among individuals with endometriosis, approximately 50% experience deep dyspareunia. There is a validated test to evaluate superficial dyspareunia (tampon test); however, no such test exists for deep dyspareunia. Thus, we conducted a pilot study to evaluate the use of a vaginal insert for self-assessment of deep dyspareunia. Objective To report test-retest reliability and validity of using a vaginal insert for self-assessment of deep dyspareunia in individuals with endometriosis. Methods This was a prospective cohort study embedded within a pilot RCT. Individuals with a surgical diagnosis of endometriosis aged 19-49, who had a clinic visit between January 2018 and December 2020 were recruited from a prospective data registry at a tertiary endometriosis and pelvic pain centre. Inclusion criteria were assigned female at birth, sexually active or not sexually active due to pain, monogamous partner who consents to participate, and deep dyspareunia score ≥ 4/10. Exclusion criteria were superficial dyspareunia ≥ 4/10, prior use of the intervention under investigation in the RCT, intense fear or anxiety around sexual activity, and severe levels of anxiety or depression on validated screening measures. Participants used the vaginal insert to self-assess tenderness at two time points, one week apart, using a numeric rating scale (0-10) at the right and left pelvic floor, bladder, cervix-uterus, and posterior cul-de-sac. Participants also used a daily diary to record deep dyspareunia severity (0-10) during intercourse over a four-week period. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by correlating tenderness scores between the two time points. Validity was assessed by correlating the vaginal insert tenderness scores with deep dyspareunia scores. Results Nineteen participants completed the study. The average age was 34 ± 7 years, and the majority of participants identified as female (n=18; 94.7%), heterosexual (n=17; 89.5%) and white (n=17;89.5%). Intraclass correlation coefficients for each site showed good test-retest reliability: left pelvic floor 0.79 (p = 0.001), right pelvic floor 0.82 (p &amp;lt; 0.001), bladder 0.54 (p = 0.07), cervix-uterus was 0.89 (p &amp;lt; 0.001), and the cul-de-sac 0.77 (p = 0.003). The strongest correlation between tenderness using the vaginal insert and deep dyspareunia scores was at the cervix-uterus (r=0.35); however, no statistically significant correlations were identified at any of the pelvic sites. Conclusions We found a strong correlation of tenderness scores between assessment dates (test-retest reliability), indicating that the vaginal insert may be a reliable method of assessing deep dyspareunia. A future study with larger sample size will be needed to study the correlations between tenderness assessed with the vaginal insert and prospective deep dyspareunia scores for evaluation of validity. Self-assessment of deep dyspareunia using a vaginal insert shows promise, and may support trauma-informed practice and the collection of ecologically valid data. Disclosure Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: OhNut Wearable - provided a discount on the silicon buffer used in the trial; ISSWSH Grant. Clarification: No industry support in study design or execution.

Review of Major Social Determinants of Health in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: II. Assessments.

Social determinants of health (SDoHs) impact the development and course of schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders (SSPDs). Yet, we found no published scholarly reviews of psychometric properties and pragmatic utility of SDoH assessments among people with SSPDs. We aim to review those aspects of SDoH assessments. PsychInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were examined to obtain data on reliability, validity, administration process, strengths, and limitations of the measures for SDoHs identified in a paired scoping review. SDoHs were assessed using different approaches including self-reports, interviews, rating scales, and review of public databases. Of the major SDoHs, early-life adversities, social disconnection, racism, social fragmentation, and food insecurity had measures with satisfactory psychometric properties. Internal consistency reliabilities-evaluated in the general population for 13 measures of early-life adversities, social disconnection, racism, social fragmentation, and food insecurity-ranged from poor to excellent (0.68-0.96). The number of items varied from 1 to more than 100 and administration time ranged from less than 5 minutes to over an hour. Measures of urbanicity, low socioeconomic status, immigration status, homelessness/housing instability, and incarceration were based on public records or targeted sampling. Although the reported assessments of SDoHs show promise, there is a need to develop and test brief but validated screening measures suitable for clinical application. Novel assessment tools, including objective assessments at individual and community levels utilizing new technology, and sophisticated psychometric evaluations for reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change with effective interventions are recommended, and suggestions for training curricula are offered.

Sleep Disorders Among Individuals With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Self-reported sleep problems are common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with potential negative health implications, yet relatively little research has focused on sleep in RA. We examined the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk, restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms, and short sleep (SS) in a large RA cohort (n=4,200) and factors associated with each. Data are from FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases. Validated screening measures assessed OSA risk and RLS symptoms. SS was based on self-reported average sleep time (<6 hours). The Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Problems Index I measured self-reported sleep quality. Multivariable logistic regression models identified independent predictors of sleep disorders and sleep quality and the independent association of OSA risk, RLS symptoms, and SS with self-reported poor sleep quality. Twenty-one percent (n=899) had OSA diagnosis or risk, 30% (n=1,272) had RLS symptoms or diagnosis, and 43% (n=1,737) reported SS, and RA disease activity was associated with each sleep disorder. Abatacept use was associated with lower odds of RLS and SS. Use of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or abatacept was less frequent in the SS group. No medications were associated with OSA in multivariable analyses. Both RLS and SS was associated with worse perceived sleep quality. Almost two-thirds met criteria for at least one sleep disorder. RA disease activity and pain were significantly associated with each sleep condition. Additional research is needed to identify the causal pathway between sleep disorders and RA disease activity and pain and the long-term consequences of sleep disorders in RA.

Patient preferences of patient selection criteria for upper extremity vascularized composite allotransplantation: A qualitative study.

Upper extremity vascularized composite allotransplantation is a life-enhancing reconstructive treatment option that aims to improve recipients' quality of life and maximize function. This study assessed upper extremity vascularized composite allotransplantation patient selection criteria perceptions among individuals with upper extremity limb loss. The perceptions of individuals with upper extremity limb loss on patient selection criteria may enable vascularized composite allotransplantation centers to improve criteria to avoid mismatched expectations about the posttransplant vascularized composite allotransplantation experience and outcomes. Realistic patient expectations may increase patient adherence, improve outcomes, and reduce vascularized composite allotransplantation graft loss. We conducted in-depth interviews with civilian and military service members with upper extremity limb loss and upper extremity vascularized composite allotransplantation candidates, participants, and recipients from three US institutions. Interviews assessed perceptions of patient selection criteria for suitability as a candidate for upper extremity vascularized composite allotransplantation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. A total of 50 individuals participated (66% participation rate). Most participants were male (78%), White (72%), with a unilateral limb loss (84%), and a mean age of 45 years. Six themes emerged regarding upper extremity vascularized composite allotransplantation patient selection criteria, including support for candidates who: (1) are of younger age, (2) are in good physical health, (3) have mental stability, (4) are willing to "put in the work," (5) have specific amputation characteristics, and (6) have sufficient social support. Patients had preferences about selecting candidates with unilateral versus bilateral limb loss. Our findings suggest that numerous factors, including medical, social, and psychological characteristics, inform patients' perceptions of patient selection criteria for upper extremity vascularized composite allotransplantation. Patient perceptions of patient selection criteria should inform the development of validated screening measures that optimize patient outcomes.

Factor Structure of the Shortened Six-Item Version of the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS-6) : A Systematic Review and Testing Factor Models in a Nationally Representative Sample

Introduction: Loneliness is linked to negative physical and mental health outcomes. Therefore, it is important to employ reliable and valid screening measures for early detection and treatment. A widely used scale for assessing loneliness is the shortened six-item Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS-6). Aims: To review and evaluate the factor structure of the DJGLS-6. Methods: Study 1 was a systematic review. To examine the factor structure of the DJGLS-6, peer-reviewed studies were reviewed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Study 2 tested the factor analytic models found in Study 1. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using data from a nationally representative sample of adults to assess the latent structure of the six-item scale. Results: In Study 1, findings from the two papers reviewed suggested that the scale measures two correlated dimensions: social and emotional loneliness. This finding was consistent with the results of Study 2. However, the fit statistics for the one and two-factor CFA models were not acceptable. Modification indices indicated that adding a cross-factor loading to allow item 2 (“I miss having people around”) of the social loneliness factor, to load on both the emotional and social factor, to load on both the emotional and social factors would significantly improve the fit of the model. Conclusions: The analysis failed to support previous findings concerning the robustness of the subscales. We recommend performing future evaluations of the scale and for the authors to consider changing item 2 accordingly.