Valencia University Research Articles

PERCUTANEOUS TRACHEOTOMY IN ICU: OUR EXPERIENCE IN 2020-2021 (COVID-19 PANDEMIC).

<h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> Percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) is a surgical procedure for the placement of a tracheal tube through the anterior wall of the trachea. It is performed using a modified Seldinger technique between the second and third tracheal rings and guided under direct vision by the fiberoptic bronchoscope. It is a minimally invasive procedure with a low number of complications by experienced physicians. It is considered a safe alternative to surgical tracheostomies (ST), a more aggressive procedure. According to the internal protocols of the Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Valencia University General Hospital (CHGUV), PT are performed by anaesthesiologists, while ST are performed by otorhinolaryngologists. This study aims to confirm that PT is just as safe as ST, as well as that it presents the same or fewer immediate complications, understanding these as bleeding, loss of the airway due to the exit of the endotracheal tube, creation of a false pathway, injury to the posterior wall, injury to one or more tracheal rings, the appearance of subcutaneous emphysema and damage to the fiberoptic bronchoscope with the puncture needle. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, patients with Covid-19 have been included. The modified protocol for this type of patient has been followed, following the consensus document of the Spanish Societies of Intensive Medicine (SEMICYUV), Otorhinolaryngology (SEORL-CCC), and Anesthesia (SEDAR). <h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> Review the total number of tracheotomies performed by anesthesiologists and otolaryngologists in the CHGUV ICU in 2020-2021, including patients with SARS-COV2 infection, as well as the total of immediate complications that occurred concerning the procedure. Confirm that PT is the technique of choice in critically ill patients due to its lower number and less severity of complications. <h3>MATERIAL AND METHODS</h3> Descriptive, observational, and retrospective study, in which each one of the tracheotomies performed in the CHGUV anesthesia ICU in 2020-2021, as well as their immediate complications, were collected. Patients with Covid-19 were included too. <h3>RESULTS</h3> A total of 294 tracheostomies were performed (20 were patients with SARS-COV2 infection). 294 were TP (12 with SARS-COV2) and 11 TQ (8 with SARS-COV2). Among the complications recorded, the most frequent was mild bleeding appearing in a total of 35 patients. Of these patients, only 30% belonged to the PD group. No cases required a surgical revision. In addition, within the ST, there was one case of accidental decannulation with loss of the airway. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Our study shows in general a low rate of early complications in tracheostomies, however, ST caused a higher incidence of immediate complications. Furthermore, PT has shown not only a lower incidence of complications but a lower severity of these too. The data from this study support the PT performed by experimented anesthesiologists as the technique of choice in critical patients compared to CT.

Social support, self-efficacy and academic satisfaction of university students during the COVID-19 lockdown

This work aimed to analyze the relationships between the students perceived institutional support, teachers’ support, peers’ support, and their academic satisfaction, mediated by their self-efficacy in information and comunication technologies (ICT). Participants were 157 students who were studying from first to fourth year in different disciplines of the Valencia University. Structural equation models with latent factors were tested. A final model had satisfactory fit indices to the observed data. It is worth highlighting the strong direct effect of the teaching staff support on student’ academic satisfaction, with less weight, although significant, being the effect of institutional support. In conclusion, teacher’s figure is of paramount importance for student’s academic satisfaction.

Understanding the declared knowledge and readiness to apply Corporate Social Responsibility of Polish and Spanish business students

The purpose of this paper is to compare two groups of business students from Poland and Spain regarding their declared knowledge and readiness to apply the principles of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The research was conducted in 2018 among students of two selected universities: the Faculty of Management at the University of Lodz in Poland (UL) and the Faculty of Economics at the University of Valencia (UV). A literature review was performed to compare the CSR education programs at both faculties and to investigate students’ opinions about CSR. The Chi2 independence test was used to find any statistical differences between the two researched groups. In total, 607 students took part in the study. The findings revealed that UV students declare themselves to be better prepared than UL students to make sufficient CSR-based employment decisions. It was also found that UV students more frequently declared a readiness to take CSR measures such as encouraging the company's management to take an interest in CSR, or to personally promote CSR activities in the company. UV students also declared a willingness to work in a company guided by CSR values and activities even for lower remuneration. The findings may be affected by social as well as economic contextual factors and they make it possible to formulate concrete recommendations on how to improve students' awareness of CSR ideas.

TIC e inteligencia artificial en la revisión del proceso de escritura: su uso en las universidades públicas valencianas

La incorporación de las TIC y la inteligencia artificial () en el ámbito educativo generó, desde sus inicios, un debate social todavía vigente. Uno de los aspectos más controvertidos es el de la introducción de los sistemas de tutoría inteligente y aprendizaje . En el año 2016 el informe Artificial in 2030pronosticaba que estos serían habituales en las aulas en tan solo quince años. Han pasado 5 años desde entonces y es preciso conocer cuál es el estado de la cuestión en estos momentos. El propósito de este estudio es, por una parte, investigar la relación entre la recomendación de uso de las TIC e inteligencia artificial en el proceso de escritura por parte del profesorado, y el uso real que de estas hacen los estudiantes. Por otra parte, se pretende averiguar qué tipo de evaluación automatizada e información de retorno correctiva aplican los docentes, así como también, qué percepción tienen ambos colectivos sobre el aprovechamiento de las TIC y la . Para llevar a cabo la investigación se diseñaron dos cuestionarios ad al que respondieron 53 profesores y 101 estudiantes de la de () y de la de (). Entre los resultados obtenidos cabe destacar que el 79% de los profesores recomienda el uso de TIC, pero solo el 61,4% del alumnado sigue dicha recomendación. Una de las conclusiones a las que se llega es que la integración completa de las TIC y la en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de lenguas está todavía por llegar, y que la mayoría de los participantes en este estudio admiten no aprovechar el potencial educativo que estas ofrecen.

Overtreatment in Restorative Dentistry: Decision Making by Last-Year Dental Students.

To evaluate the tendency for overdiagnosis and overtreatment upon different clinical situations among last-year students from the degree in dentistry from Valencia University (Spain) during the 2018–2019 course. A questionnaire consisting of 10 case exemplifications examining the diagnosis, treatment, and clinician’s attitude towards different common clinical situations regarding restorative dentistry was designed. Fifty-two students were surveyed, from whom 42 completed the questionnaire (80.77%). Data were analyzed descriptively. A total of 58.8% of the students correctly identified an early carious lesion in the occlusal surface of a molar, while 63.2% would perform unnecessary complementary tests for its diagnosis. The treatment for carious lesions in different evolutive phases with a vital pulp was correct between 51.2 and 92.7% of the cases. The treatment for irreversible pulp pathology and the restoration of the tooth with root canal treatment were adequately selected in 56.1% and 78.3% of the cases, respectively. For the repair of a faulty restoration, an overtreatment was proposed by 87.8% of the students. A tendency to perform unnecessary complementary tests for caries diagnosis was observed. Treatment caries proposals were in accordance with available evidence in the majority of the cases. Students tended to overtreat defective restorations and would perform unnecessary treatments in medically compromised patients.

The Future We Want: A Learning Experience to Promote SDGs in Higher Education from the United Nations and University of Valencia

This article shares the strategy for mainstreaming the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the University of Valencia (UV), which, although limited in its scale, may compel other Higher Education Institutions to think in technological and social progress aligned with the 2030 Agenda. It explicates a process driven by the UV, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the United Nations (UN), and in collaboration with the Service for Geospatial, Information, and Telecommunications Technologies from the UN Support Base in Valencia (Spain) to prepare the online event: “The United Nations We Want”. It was the culmination of a collaborative project between students and faculties from different scientific, technological, social, legal, humanistic, and health disciplines that structure the University of Valencia. The intention was that new generations experience the role they can have to shape the future we want, while the university community as a whole can become part of transformative institutional change that draws on both top-down and bottom-up strategies in pursuit of Education for Sustainable Development.

Evaluación de competencias genéricas vinculadas al proceso de elaboración del TFG. Propuesta de rúbrica para el Grado de Geografía y Medio Ambiente de laUniversitat de València

La entrada del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EESS) supuso un cambio en la orientación de la enseñanza, pasando de un escenario centrado en los contenidos a otro donde la adquisición de competencias y la valorización del proceso de aprendizaje son claves. El objetivo del artículo es examinar cómo se aborda este nuevo escenario competencial en el Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG), en particular, examinar la existencia de instrumentos evaluación de competencias generales relacionadas con el proceso de elaboración. Además, como principal contribución, se aporta una rúbrica de evaluación que pretende solucionar algunas de las carencias más relevantes. A través de un análisis documental, se estudian las competencias y sistema evaluativos de esta materia en el Grado en Geografía y Medio Ambiente (GyMA) de la Universitat de València (UV), y se recogen experiencias españolas de otros 23 grados en Geografía. Los resultados señalan, para el caso valenciano, la carencia de instrumentos de evaluación para todas las competencias y, en especial, la escasa atención a aquellas que mayor relación tienen con el proceso de elaboración. Del resto de experiencias, únicamente seis incluyen instrumentos de evaluación del proceso, que se emplean a modo de ejemplo. Así, se propone una rúbrica de evaluación, debatida y consensuada con el equipo docente del GyMA de la UV, que mejora la evaluación de competencias genéricas vinculadas al proceso de elaboración del TFG. Finalmente, se discute la contribución de la rúbrica y sus límites, así como otros cambios necesarios en la evaluación de competencias de mayor calado de acuerdo con el EEES.

Sharing Drawings with Smartphones in the Classroom – Art-Based Education in Social Sciences

This article identifies the factors that indicate the opportunity of reviewing the methods in teaching economics in order to overcome the traditional teaching-learning scheme that overvalues rote learning and find formulas that facilitate the development of analytical skills. On the other hand, this work points out the importance of developing creative competences. One way to do this is to introduce artistic practices in the classroom, even in non-artistic subjects. In this work an experience of education based on the arts is presented. Thanks to smartphone cameras, students can share and project drawings in the classroom immediately to facilitate group learning. The proposal is to represent the economic problems of the third world through drawings made by students of Sociology at the University of Va-lencia (Spain). The experience shows positive results in terms of students' engagement and creativity development.

Class-attendance and Online-tests Results: Reflections for Continuous Assessment

ABSTRACTSometimes class-attendance is a component (or requirement) to benefit from the continuous assessment. The objective of this study is to evidence that some students seem to be getting unfairly penalized for nonattendance. To address this issue, we provide alternative assessment solutions taking into account the different profiles of the students. This study is based on the performance in online tests undertaken in a subject of Financial Accounting taught in English in two groups at Valencia University (from Spain). This subject is especially important for International Business (IB) as managers make decisions based on financial information. In this course, students learn about the legal accounting framework, from a national and IB perspective (i.e., national standards and International Financial Reporting Standards). Difficulty of course contents, students’ study time, students’ university access mark, age, and class-attendance are determining factors of the mark obtained in online tests if we take into account all the students. However, for the students whose marks are the best and second best grades, only the difficulty of course contents, study time, age and parents’ studies are significant factors. Evidence is found that attendance improves online test performance significantly for the whole group of students, yet this factor is not significant considering only the best performing students. Our findings justify that the continuous assessment system should only require a specific level of attendance if the online test performance drops below a certain grade (for instance the second best grade). That way, these students would have an extra motivation to attend classes but better performing students who are keeping best and second grades in their online tests will not get penalized if classes are missed as long as they keep performing well.

Educación y Sostenibilidad en la Universidad de Valencia: construyendo futuro desde el pasado

Higher education requires institutional structures that support the principles of Sustainability and put them into practice. It is also necessary a faculty that is motivated and able to permeate the way they teach and the subjects they teach from criteria and values related to sustainability. The context of this work is education and research for sustainability (ERfS) at the University of Valencia (UV) in the last 12 years. The method used has been the Analysis of documents with criteria of relevance, completeness and topicality, has allowed to find the necessary information to develop the proposed study. The purpose is to build a story of the trajectory that the ERfS has followed in the UV to be able to propose a future perspective from the perspective of the SDGs. The conclusions are: a) that sustainability requires political decisions that allow the participation of the different university levels in the definition of institutional strategies that respond to the objectives and values related to sustainability and b) The approval of SDGs 2030, from a critical perspective, is a new lever to move forward on the road undertaken more than 20 years ago, because it specifies in the 17 SDGs ways to work on all aspects of sustainability that allow us to overcome some of the obstacles to progress towards a more sustainable future. Keywords: Sustainability Education, Sustainability and Higher Education, Training of trainers

Trading off benefits and costs in higher education: A qualitative research with international incoming students

Globalization has brought new challenges to Higher Education Institutions such as international exchange programs. In this context, the purpose of this work is to analyse students’ value trade-off in their terms abroad. Specifically, a multidimensional framework on value as trade-off is applied: two negative dimensions of sacrifice: monetary (price) and non-monetary (time and efforts), and three groups of benefits: functional (location, facilities, infrastructure, timetables, etc.), social (relationships with instructors, with other students, networks, etc.), and emotional (having fun while being a student). For that purpose, an exploratory research was undertaken using qualitative techniques. Three focus groups were conducted with 17 undergraduate students from eight different nationalities staying at the University of Valencia (UV), Spain. Results have endorsed the idea that academic experiences can be evaluated as a value trade-off (benefits vs. costs) since participants have shown agreements and differences on the five dimensions of value. This suggests that international students show a multifaceted and contrasted experience, which needs to be managed by Universities interested in their positioning as competitive destinations.

Spanish Real Estate Bubble: A Classroom Experiment

&lt;p&gt;The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) requires development of teaching methodologies that encourage active participation by students in the autonomous learning process, taking the figure of the professor as the mediator. On the other hand, the economy is a fundamental aspect in today’s society insofar that it contributes to explaining the behaviour of individuals. In this sense, the experimental economy applied in lecture rooms is presented as an innovative educational procedure that is perfectly adapted to university teaching, since it facilitates acquisition and consolidation of curricular knowledge and favours the development of capabilities by students, whilst at the same time improving the quality of teaching and has a positive impact on the interest students have in the subject. This paper describes the application of an economic experiment as an active learning method to prove the mechanisms used to set prices. The experience took place at the ESIC Business and Marketing School Valencia university centre, within the subject of “Spanish Economy” in Official Business Management and Administration degrees and in Marketing and Sales Management degrees. The starting point for this experience was the work by Radim Boháček (2002), adding changes aimed at empirically explaining inflation, the real estate bubble and subsequent economic crisis in Spain. The obtained results prove that this educational experience favours learning of the economic concepts students study, and stimulates proactive interest in the subject. From the obtained results a second experiment is proposed in order to consolidate concepts concerning price setting mechanisms in the presence of intervention by the Public Sector (taxes and subsidies) or establishing incentives that model collusive behaviour leading to situations where market offers are concentrated in oligopolies.&lt;/p&gt;

Edad de inicio en el consumo, motivos y cantidad de alcohol en la determinación de consecuencias en consumidores intensivos universitarios.

Las implicaciones clínicas y sociales derivadas del consumo intensivo de alcohol (CIA) en universitarios motivan la necesidad de analizar los factores que favorecen su aparición. Este estudio evalúa cómo influye la cantidad de alcohol ingerido, la edad de inicio en el consumo de esta sustancia y los motivos asociados a esta conducta en la presencia de un mayor o menor número de consecuencias psicosociales. 312 estudiantes de primero de la Universidad de Valencia que realizan CIA cumplimentaron el instrumento IECI (Cortés et al., 2012): autoregistro de consumo, motivos asociados a esta ingesta y consecuencias psicosociales derivadas. Se confirman resultados de investigaciones precedentes. Ambos sexos duplican los gramos de alcohol que definen un CIA. Aparecen diferencias en los efectos esperados en función del sexo, así como en la edad de inicio en el consumo y en el número de consecuencias experimentadas. Los análisis de regresión de orden jerárquico muestran la importancia de la edad de inicio y los motivos, por encima de los gramos consumidos, para dar cuenta del deterioro psicosocial generado por la ingesta. Esto apoya la necesidad de atender a la combinación de variables en la explicación y posterior intervención para paliar las consecuencias derivadas del CIA.

Impact of crestal and subcrestal implant placement in peri-implant bone: A prospective comparative study

BackgroundTo assess the influence of the crestal or subcrestal placement of implants upon peri-implant bone loss over 12 months of follow-up.Material and MethodsTwenty-six patients with a single hopeless tooth were recruited in the Oral Surgery Unit (Valencia University, Valencia, Spain). The patients were randomized into two treatment groups: group A (implants placed at crestal level) or group B (implants placed at subcrestal level). Control visits were conducted by a trained clinician at the time of implant placement and 12 months after loading. A previously established standard protocol was used to compile general data on all patients (sex and age, implant length and diameter, and brushing frequency). Implant success rate, peri-implant bone loss and the treatment of the exposed implant surface were studied. The level of statistical significance was defined as 5% (α=0.05).ResultsTwenty-three patients (8 males and 15 females, mean age 49.8±11.6 years, range 28-75 years) were included in the final data analyses, while three were excluded. All the included subjects were nonsmokers with a brushing frequency of up to twice a day in 85.7% of the cases. The 23 implants comprised 10 crestal implants and 13 subcrestal implants. After implant placement, the mean bone position with respect to the implant platform in group A was 0.0 mm versus 2.16±0.88 mm in group B. After 12 months of follow-up, the mean bone positions were -0.06±1.11 mm and 0.95±1.50 mm, respectively - this representing a bone loss of 0.06±1.11 mm in the case of the crestal implants and of 1.22±1.06 mm in the case of the subcrestal implants (p=0.014). Four crestal implants and 5 subcrestal implants presented peri-implant bone levels below the platform, leaving a mean exposed treated surface of 1.13 mm and 0.57 mm, respectively. The implant osseointegration success rate at 12 months was 100% in both groups.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, bone loss was found to be greater in the case of the subcrestal implants, though from the clinical perspective these implants presented bone levels above the implant platform after 12 months of follow-up. Key words:Immediate implants, tooth extraction, dental implants, single-tooth, crestal bone, placement level.

La conciliación estudiantilfamiliar y el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en Educación Superior: un estudio cualitativo

La presencialidad obligatoria en Educación Superior y el creciente número de estudiantes con compromisos familiares justifican la necesidad de conocer las opiniones del alumnado con respecto a la conciliación estudiantil-familiar en el contexto universitario.&lt;br /&gt;Se adopta una metodología cualitativa mediante narrativas. Participan de la investigación 27 estudiantes de la Universitat de València y 46 de la Universidad de Alicante, del Grado en Maestro de Educación Primaria.&lt;br /&gt;Los resultados evidencian limitaciones, dificultades y demandas ante las nuevas exigencias metodológicas y evaluativas, si se tienen cargas familiares.&lt;br /&gt;Se concluye con propuestas académicas, legislativas y de implementación de recursos que faciliten la conciliación estudiantil-familiar.

Equivalence Relations Between the Cortie and Zürich Sunspot Group Morphological Classifications

Catalogues of sunspots have been available with useful information about sunspots or sunspot groups for approximately the last 150 years. However, the task of merging these catalogues is not simple. In this paper, a method is suggested of converting the types of sunspot groups that were proposed by Cortie (1901) into the well-known Zurich types of sunspot groups. To achieve this, the sunspot catalogue of the Valencia University Observatory (from 1920 to 1928) was used in addition to the descriptions proposed by Cortie. To assess the quality of this conversion scheme, the Zurich type was computed from the Valencia catalogue, and the resulting contribution of each group type was compared to what can be found in other catalogues. The results show that the proposed scheme works well within the errors that are found in the different catalogues.

Peri-Radicular Fibrosis After Lumbar Surgery: Is There Any Help?

Study Design: This study was based on Clinical Trial medical records from the Valencia University General Hospital (Hospital General Universitario de Valencia), Spain. The study population consisted of patients who underwent spinal surgery and who had documented follow-up visits for at least 2 years afterwards.

Anxiety before extraction of impacted lower third molars.

Objetives: Assess levels of trait anxiety, state anxiety and dental anxiety before extraction of lower third molars and check the correlation and reliability of the scales used for the measurement of preoperative anxiety. Study Design: A prospective study of patients treated with extraction of a lower third molar between September 2010 to December 2010 was carried out. A total of 125 patients were included in the study. All of them were patients of the Oral Surgery and Implantology Department (Valencia University Medical and Dental School, Valencia, Spain). Before surgery, patients had to complete a preoperative protocol with 4 scales: the STAI-T (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait) for measuring trait anxiety, the STAI-S (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State) for measuring state anxiety, and DAS (Dental anxiety Scale of N. Corah) and APAIS (Amsterdam Preoperative anxiety and Information Scale) for measuring dental anxiety. Results: Patients undergoing extractions of an impacted lower third molar showed low levels of trait anxiety and moderate levels of state anxiety and dental anxiety. Higher levels of trait anxiety were obtained for older patients. Women had higher mean levels of dental anxiety and state anxiety that men with a statistically significant difference in STAI-S scales, DAS, and APAIS. Patients with higher trait anxiety and state anxiety showed higher levels of dental anxiety. A significant correlation (p ≤ 0.01) (p = 0.00) was found between the four scales used to measure anxiety. The scale showed higher correlation was STAI-S scale. The 4 scales showed high reliability (α of C.> 0.80). Conclusions: Patients with highest levels of trait anxiety and state anxiety, had more dental anxiety. The STAI-T, STAI-S, DAS and APAIS scales provided useful information about anxiety before the extraction of lower impacted third molars. The STAI-S is the scale with highest correlation and reliability. Key words:Extraction of impacted lower third molars, preoperative anxiety, dental anxiety, trait anxiety, state anxiety.

Remote Sensing Master and Doctorate (PhD) at the Valencia University, Spain [Education

Remote Sensing Master and Doctorate (PhD) at the Valencia University, Spain [Education

Assessment of body composition, through anthropometric and non-anthropometric methods, of university students from valencia (Spain).

The valuation of anthropometric and nutritional status of the university population is important to detect risk groups and so make nutritional recommendations. The aim of the study was to analyze the body composition and the fat component in a group of university students and to evaluate their basal metabolism to see if there was a correlation with the body composition. The study was carried out through different methods, to determine if the results obtained are comparable. The sample were 16 students (4 males and 12 females) from the University of Valencia, 20-33 years old. To all of them was carried out the study of body composition, and to 6 of them was carried out also a metabolic study. It was found that 75% of the studied subjects are normal weight, 12,5% are underweight and 12,5% are overweight. The percentage of subjects with body fat higher than the normal values are: 68,75% according to BFMNU, 25% through ISAK method and 7,69% with BIA. Our study reflected that the data obtained through the different methods are not directly comparable because they are based on different principles and assumptions. It was noticed the importance of considering not only fat mass, but the whole body composition to have a complete picture of the subject. Furthermore, we it was found that Indirect Calorimetry and the predictive equations are not able to estimate it correctly. In contrast BFMNU method is the one that gives more information and allows to thoroughly investigate the metabolism.