Vague Values Research Articles

Evaluation of nanostructured electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors using multiple-criteria decision-making approach

<abstract> <p>The enhancement of electrode materials' properties for improving mercantile supercapacitors' performances is a remarkable research area. Throughout recent years, a significant amount of research has been devoted to improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors via the improvement of novel electrode materials. The nanocomposite structure provides a greater specific surface area (SSA) and lower ion/electron diffusion tracks, consequently enhancing supercapacitors' energy density and specific capacitance. These significant properties offer a wide range of potential for the electrode materials to be applied in diverse applications. For instance, their applications are in portable electronic systems such as all-solid-state supercapacitors, flexible/transparent supercapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors. The authors of this paper introduced a multi-criteria model to assess the priority of nanostructured electrode materials (NEMs) for high-performance supercapacitors (HPSCs). This work combines Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) methods. Herein, the rough concept addresses the uncertainties resulting from the group decision-making process and the vague values of the properties of the NEMs. The modified R-AHP method was employed to find the criteria weights based on the multi-experts' opinions. The results reveal that specific capacitance (SC) and energy density (ED) are the most important criteria. R-AHP was integrated with R-EDAS and R-GRA models to evaluate the fourteen NEMs. The results of the R-EDAS method were compared with those provided by the R-GRA method. The results of the proposed integrated approach confirmed that it results in reliable and reputable ranks that will provide a framework for further applications and help physicists find optimal materials by evaluating various alternatives.</p> </abstract>

Analysis of College Students' Network Moral Behavior by the History of Ideological and Political Education under Deep Learning.

The research on the history of ideological and political education (IPE) is the basis for deepening it, and it is also of great help to higher education. The diversity of network information also easily leads to poor guidance for college students who are not strong in discrimination. This study adopts the method of a questionnaire survey to investigate the common moral anomie among college students in the network space. The survey data are sorted and classified and then input into the recurrent neural network structure for data analysis using deep learning (DL) algorithms. The results are fed back to the investigators intuitively and understandably. The results show that some college students have some problems, such as lack of network moral knowledge, vague values, moral behavior anomia, spatial knowledge and behavior inconsistency, and moral and emotional indifference. DL algorithms are added to the analysis process to make the findings more objective. These conclusions provide reference suggestions for subsequent research on college students' online moral behavior in the context of IPE history.

Improving concepts, reshaping values: pragmatism and ameliorative projects

ABSTRACT In this paper, I argue that positions from the historical tradition of pragmatism can offer insights into the role that values play in ameliorative projects. By focusing on Sally Haslanger’s ameliorative project regarding gender, I will try to show how the Deweyan idea of the circuit provides a convincing understanding of the mutual interplay between values and conceptual revision within ameliorative approaches. I propose to understand this circuit as a process of articulation, through which our understanding of an initially vague value becomes more detailed and fine-grained. To this end, I will focus on a specific aspect of Haslanger's recent intellectual production, namely the idea that ameliorative projects are inspired and organized by partially indeterminate values. In the final part of the paper, I will discuss a potential moral and political pitfall associated with ameliorative projects – i.e. the proliferation of cultural bubbles which are mutually exclusive and unable to communicate among themselves. This discussion addresses a further challenge for implementation, which is connected to the field of values, and not merely to the domain of concepts.

사회적 책임이 사회적 환경을 매개로 기업가치에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증적 연구

The social responsibility of a company is to make a social contribution through its management activities by socially responsible companies. Businesses should strategically build a practical link between business and society through social contribution. This is another way in which companies contribute to society. If companies have a vision of contributing to society, business activities themselves should be able to create value in society. Efforts to strengthen social contribution activities by enhancing value are critical. Because corporate social responsibility is a channel for realizing corporate values and visions. Thus, corporate social responsibility and social contribution activities are strategically linked together. The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between the social environment and the social responsibility of an enterprise in its corporate value. This study established a research model through a prior study and the results of the study were derived through empirical analysis.
 The main results of this study are as follows: First, it has been shown that corporate social responsibility has a significant impact on the social environment (economy, politics, society and finance). Second, the social environment in the economic, political and financial aspects had a significant impact on entrepreneurship, but the social environment in the social aspect did not have a significant impact on entrepreneurship. This has been empirically demonstrated by this paper that corporate social responsibility is not an investment in the vague value of the social environment on the society. Thus, an entity can enhance its value in an economy, politics and finance of social environment by routinely performing its social responsibilities on the basis of profits generated by its management activities.

Vague multi-attribute group decision-making method based on evidence theory with a new aspect to solve weights

In order to solve the problems of weight solving and information aggregation in the Vague multi-attribute group decision-making, this paper first solves the weight of Vague evaluation value, and then fuses the information of Vague sets through evidence theory, and obtains an information aggregation algorithm for Vague multi-attribute group decision-making. Firstly, The algorithm draws on the idea of solving the weight of evidence in the improved evidence theory algorithm, and calculates the weight of Vague evaluation value, and revises the original evaluation information after obtaining the weight of each Vague evaluation value. Secondly, this algorithm analyzes the mathematical relationship between the Vague sets and the evidence theory, and uses the evidence theory to fuse the evaluation information to obtain the final Vague evaluation value of each alternative. Finally, this algorithm uses a score function to calculate the score of each alternative to determine the best alternative. The algorithm given in the paper enables decision-makers to make rational decisions in uncertain environments, and then select the best alternative.

The Neutrosophic Treatment of the Static Model for the Inventory Management with Safety Reserve

Institutions must store materials to ensure the continuity of their activity and to avoid incurring big losses as a result of the storage process, various models have been studied that cover all scenarios in which stock insurance is required to allow institutions to continue operating while avoiding losses. The static model with safety reserve is one of these models, and it is used in emergency and ambulance circumstances to transport medicines, food, and fuel, etc. Those in charge of any project must estimate the quantities that will need to be stored in order to ensure that the necessary materials are available and that storage costs are minimized. As a result, a mathematical model has been developed that expresses the circumstance in which a safety reserve is necessary to meet market material demand, and the optimal answer for this model is the required solution. This model is treated in classical logic by adding the amount of the safety reserve to the ideal quantity determined through the static model without a deficit, and this quantity is a fixed amount during each storage cycle over time, which does not correspond to reality and ignores cases of fluctuations demand in the rate of demand for inventory .In this study, three scenarios were used to construct a study for the static stock model with safety reserves and for one substance utilizing neutrosophic theory through three different cases. The First Case: Using the optimal amount of stock that determined by studying the static model with a deficit using neutrosophic logic , while assuming the safety reserve as a vague value, either or . The Second Case: Taking the ideal value of stock that was previously determined by studying the static model with deficient using neutrosophic logic , wherein regard the safety reserve as constant value. The third Case: Taking the optimal value of stock that determined by studying the static model with deficient using classical logic, and assuming the safety reserve as a vague value, either or . In other words, we approached the problem using neutrosophic tools, which accounts for all possible scenarios that may arise throughout the course of the job, yields more accurate results, and so ensures a safe working environment for the facilities at the lowest possible cost.

Fixed degree of decentralization DPoS consensus mechanism in blockchain based on adjacency vote and the average fuzziness of vague value

The Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism is the fastest, most effective, most decentralized, and most flexible consensus model. The DPoS consensus uses the power of stakeholders to agree to vote in resolving consensus issues in a fair and democratic manner. However, in a traditional DPoS consensus mechanism, the degree of decentralization is undefined, and the number of agent nodes is fixed in advance. In this paper, a new fixed degree of decentralization for the DPoS consensus mechanism is proposed based on the adjacency vote and the average fuzziness of vague value. Moreover, the degree of decentralization is defined and discussed. As nodes are dynamically added and withdrawn, the total number of nodes in the blockchain changes. The proposed new consensus mechanism can automatically determine the number of agent nodes to be selected, based on the degree of decentralization and the total number of nodes in the blockchain. The adjacency vote and the average fuzziness of vague value are used to select agent nodes, and this method improves the fairness and security of the blockchain. We analyze five agent nodes, selected from 15 nodes, using the balloting distribution results. The feasibility and effectiveness of our new consensus mechanism are confirmed based on two test examples.

Nucleolus of Vague Payoff Cooperative Game

This paper focuses on the problem of cooperative game with payoff of vague value and its nucleolus. Firstly, the paper defines the score function and accuracy function of vague sets and the method for ranking of vague sets and proposes the concept of core and nucleolus of vague payoff cooperative game. Based on this, the model of vague payoff cooperative game is built. Then, the relationship between the core and the nucleolus of vague payoff cooperative game is further discussed, and the existence and unique characteristics of the nucleolus are proved. We use the ranking method defined in the paper to transform the problem of finding the nucleolus solution into a nonlinear programming problem. Finally, the paper verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method for finding the nucleolus with an experimental analysis.

«Этничность» и «политичность»: инверсия в современной мифологии гражданской политической субъектности

The article is devoted to analysis of one of the reasons why today in the world, including Russia and “Western” states with long-standing liberal traditions, governing elites and civil societies’ critical attitude to institutions, values, and practices of liberal democratic policy is growing. The author explains the grow of such dissatisfaction by inversion of two stereotypical (social and mythological) civil identities and corresponding motivations for political participation. One of the stereotypical notions of democratic politics ideal and optimal mode of citizens’ participation in it is called “politicalness”, while the other – “ethnicity”. Inversion of senses of such mythologemas creates a crisis situation within the space of modern civil societies’ political culture. Followers of “politicalness” of liberal-democratic policy regard excessive orientation on specific “ethnic” values and traditional technologies of citizens’ participation as its key drawback. Those who support “ethnicity” of liberal-democratic policy, on the contrary, are discontented with its focus on vague (universal human) values and disconnection from cultural conditions within which democratic process exists in different parts of the world. In author’s view, the result is spreading of unstable civil identities and distrust in liberal democratic policy.

EA/AE-Eigenvectors of Interval Max-Min Matrices

Systems working in discrete time (discrete event systems, in short: DES)—based on binary operations: the maximum and the minimum—are studied in so-called max–min (fuzzy) algebra. The steady states of a DES correspond to eigenvectors of its transition matrix. In reality, the matrix (vector) entries are usually not exact numbers and they can instead be considered as values in some intervals. The aim of this paper is to investigate the eigenvectors for max–min matrices (vectors) with interval coefficients. This topic is closely related to the research of fuzzy DES in which the entries of state vectors and transition matrices are kept between 0 and 1, in order to describe uncertain and vague values. Such approach has many various applications, especially for decision-making support in biomedical research. On the other side, the interval data obtained as a result of impreciseness, or data errors, play important role in practise, and allow to model similar concepts. The interval approach in this paper is applied in combination with forall–exists quantification of the values. It is assumed that the set of indices is divided into two disjoint subsets: the E-indices correspond to those components of a DES, in which the existence of one entry in the assigned interval is only required, while the A-indices correspond to the universal quantifier, where all entries in the corresponding interval must be considered. In this paper, the properties of EA/AE-interval eigenvectors have been studied and characterized by equivalent conditions. Furthermore, numerical recognition algorithms working in polynomial time have been described. Finally, the results are illustrated by numerical examples.

Dukhovnost’ in Russia’s politics

ABSTRACTThe word dukhovnost’, which is now mostly translated as ‘spirituality’, has been increasingly used in Russian discourse for almost twenty years. This exploratory article shows that it is a notion, fraught with tensions, which retains pre-Soviet and Soviet legacies alongside post-Soviet influences. Dukhovnost’ is deemed to be a creative force conveying civilisation and guaranteeing the union and harmony of the Soviet and now Russian population, transcending divisive confessional beliefs. It elevates the ‘nation’ above its multiethnic and multifaith specificities and facilitates a distinction between ‘them’ and ‘us’. It is a key element in the development of Russian patriotism. As presented by the political elite, dukhovnost’ is a system of rather vague values that may be used to form the political community. In the 2000s it has become an amorphous concept, not entirely secular, and not entirely religious.

Teoria wartości w ekonomii rozwoju zrównoważonego

Historically, the value theory was based on an objectivist approach, where the value of the goods arises through the involvement of private means of production, with a special role of work or a subjectivist approach, where value is a subjective phenomenon and depends on marginal utility of the economic entity. The neoclassical revolution replaced the vague value theory with price theory, the economic reality and consumer expectations led to a situation in which lowering the price of goods at the expense of the environment became a commonly accepted mode of operation. For a long time, the value theory in economics was not an area of reflection, both in the sense of economic and moral value. It was assumed that the subjective character of the value phenomenon makes the analysis of value elusive for the tools of economics. At the same time, environmental goods were considered to be so-called free, occurring in unlimited quantities. These assumptions have contributed to the development of an economics theory that is the antithesis of the economics of sustainable development, excessively exploiting the environment and, indirectly, society as well. The assumptions of sustainable development redefine the space for interpretation of the value theory and imply a change in the approach to an environmental element that cannot be understood in the sense of a free good and which imposes an objective understanding of values that can be preserved or lost in the production process.

Subjective values should be sharp

Elga (Philos Impr 10(5): 1–10, 2010) has argued that, even when no particular subjective probability is required by one’s evidence, perfectly rational people will have sharp subjective probabilities. Otherwise, they would be rationally permitted to knowingly turn down some sure gains. I argue that it is likewise true that, even when we do not possess enough practical reasons for a sharp evaluation (because of optionality or ignorance), perfectly rational people will have sharp subjective values. Those who would be most inclined to reject this argument are those who claim that we are rationally required by either our beliefs that objective values are unsharp (such as strong incomparability, vague value, or parity) or by our own ‘real’ values to have unsharp subjective values. Regarding the former claim, I show that we need not believe that all objective values are sharp to rationally have unsharp subjective values. Regarding the latter claim, I conclude that sharpened subjective values must be ‘real’ (i.e., practically authoritative) because otherwise perfect rationality would be impossible in principle.

Probabilistic ship domain with applications to ship collision risk assessment

Ship domain plays a critical role in ship traffic risk assessment and safe navigation. Today, the widely available AIS data makes it possible to capture the diverse behaviors of navigators and navigational conditions by vessel trajectories in practice. We propose the novel concept of probabilistic ship domain, which depicts the ship domain boundary as the vague value rather than the crisp value with a forbidden boundary and a desired boundary. We also develop an effective big AIS data driven approach to determine the probabilistic ship domain. We further investigate how to use the probabilistic ship domain to assess ship collision risk. Finally, a few case studies from the Singapore Strait are conducted to show the merits of the probabilistic ship domain and the big AIS data driven approach.

Risk assessment for construction of urban rail transit projects

Taken all factors into consideration regarding the uncertainties of urban rail transit projects construction and incompatibility of the assessment conclusion, this paper proposes a vague fuzzy matter-element model for the risk assessment by combining vague set and matter-element theory. The risk assessment index system is based on a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) – Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) risk identification matrix. Risk assessment indicators are features of the matter, and values of risk indicators are vague values; Correlation transformation is operated on optimal subordinate degree, and the weights of risk assessment indicators were defined by structure entropy weight method. The level of the risk matter evaluated was then determined, according to the principle of maximum proximity. At last, the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed model was verified by a case study.

Soundness of Inference Rules for New Vague Multivalued Dependencies

In the present paper we give a new definition of vague multivalued dependencies in database relations. The definition is based on application of arbitrary similarity measure on vague values, which is known to be reflexive, symmetric, and max-min transitive. The definition is adapted in order to include the imprecise and precise vague multivalued dependencies. The inference rules for new vague multivalued dependencies are listed, and are shown to be sound.

The Uncertainty Analysis of Vague Sets in Rough Approximation Spaces

Vague sets, as well as intuitionistic fuzzy sets, are extensions of fuzzy sets. Based on fuzzy sets, vague sets generalize the membership degree from a single value to an interval value. Vague sets have a more powerful ability to process fuzzy information than fuzzy sets to some degree. In addition as we all know, human cognition is usually a gradual process. As a result, in a given multi-granularity space, how to characterize a vague concept and further measure its uncertainty, become a hot issue worth studying. However, the uncertainty of vague sets in rough approximation spaces is still lacking relative studies. Therefore, in order to more effectively excavate knowledge from vague sets, this paper focuses on the uncertainty of vague sets and reveals its hidden rules. First, change rules of the average fuzziness of the vague value with changing its truth membership degree and false membership degree are discussed. Second, in rough approximation spaces, the uncertainty of vague sets, i.e., the uncertainty of average-step-vague sets are analyzed. Then, its change rules with changing granularity are analyzed and discussed. Next, to better approximate a vague concept, change rules of uncertainty for approximation sets of vague sets with changing knowledge granularity are discussed. Finally, several illustration examples are listed to verify the obtained conclusions. These rules are in accordance with human cognitive mechanisms in multi-granularity knowledge spaces.

Human Enhancement: Enhancing Health or Harnessing Happiness?

Human enhancement (HE) is ontologically, epistemologically, and ethically challenging and has stirred a wide range of scholarly and public debates. This article focuses on some conceptual issues with HE that have important ethical implications. In particular it scrutinizes how the concept of human enhancement relates to and challenges the concept of health. In order to do so, it addresses three specific questions: Q1. What do conceptions of HE say about health? Q2. Does HE challenge traditional conceptions of health? Q3. Do concepts of health set limits to or directHE? Addressing Q1 reveals that HE tends to frame and form our conception of health. Thereby it challenges traditional conceptions of health (Q2). Accordingly, health does not provide strong sources for setting limits to HE (Q3). On the contrary HE seems to define and expand the concept of health. Common to the concepts of HE and health is that both depend on vague value concepts, such as happiness, well-being, or goodness. There seems to be a tendency in the HE literature to define the goal of human life in terms of what is bigger, stronger, faster, more intelligent, and more resilient. However, this is confusing "goodness" with "more" and quality with quantity. Until HE more appropriately defines happiness, HE will fail to provide a relevant compass for improving the life of human beings. On the contrary, if we let simplified conceptions of "enhancement" come to define goodness or health, we may do more harm than good. Until doing so, we may well learn from Tithonus, listen to Douglas Adams' Wowbagger, and pay attention to Virginia Woolf's Orlando. Enhanced life may not be better. The same goes for health.

A fuzzy rule-based generation algorithm in interval type-2 fuzzy logic system for fault prediction in the early phase of software development

ABSTRACTReliability, a measure of software, deals in total number of faults count up to a certain period of time. The present study aims at estimating the total number of software faults during the early phase of software life cycle. Such estimation helps in producing more reliable software as there may be a scope to take necessary corrective actions for improving the reliability within optimum time and cost by the software developers. The proposed interval type-2 fuzzy logic-based model considers reliability-relevant software metric and earlier project data as model inputs. Type-2 fuzzy sets have been used to reduce uncertainties in the vague linguistic values of the software metrics. A rule formation algorithm has been developed to overcome inconsistency in the consequent parts of large number of rules. Twenty-six software project data help to validate the model, and a comparison has been provided to analyse the proposed model’s performance.

Analysis of time overruns in roads and highways sector in India using AHP ranking technique

In today’s scenario there will be a competition exists among various construction firm, so the risk management come into picture to assess the various risk related to project. Assigning the right severity factor as per the possibility of occurrence will impart the success of organization as well as success will impart the growth of nation with increase in G.D.P. In construction of road the assessment of right severity factor, will be considered as strength to lower down the delay of time over run. Tremendous amount of effort are applied in quantitative and qualitative manner for assessment of risk severity factor. However, many criteria for risk severity factor enable the decision making methods will smoothen the process of arriving at a solution and enable decision makers to make the right decisions. Decision-making problems need systematic approach to appraise the various alternatives using quantitative and non quantitative factors. Standard methods for solving problems will lack considerations of non-quantitative factors, where numeric values are difficult to assign. Different techniques like, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy set theory Making and Multi Criteria Decision are being used in risk severity factor. These techniques consider factors with concrete values or vague values. This research will provide solution to a risk severity factor for budget allocation problem, for allocating funds to competing and deserving organizations by using ranking analysis technique. Fuzzy set theory and AHP is used to calculate the Weights .Fuzzy set considers subjective values like preferred, strongly preferred etc. and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique evaluates relative importance of factors by making pair wise comparison matrix. The evaluation technique will facilitate in ranking of various severity factors according to their possibility of occurrence after assigning weights to decision making factor.