Vacant Places Research Articles

Алгоритм оптимального управления замкнутой системой рынка труда на заданном временном интервале

The ratio of supply and demand in the labor market is an important criteria for the effectiveness of the functioning of the economic system at the macro level. Improving the effectiveness of employers' personnel policy requires the development of new control tools and forecasting of dynamic labor market processes at the macro and micro levels. The problem of optimal control of the previously proposed closed labor market system is considered. The problem of optimal control of a system described by a system of nonlinear differential equations is formulated in general form. Aim. Finding piecewise constant control values at which the price-quality ratio in the labor market will be maximum over the next three years. Materials and methods. According to the concept of the model, the subjects of the labor market are divided into three categories depending on the amount of demand for their labor: subjects of high, low and medium qualifications. A hypothesis has been adopted according to which vacant places in the labor market are considered to be occupied by low-skilled subjects. Due to the previously proven uniqueness of solving the problem of optimal control of a closed labor market, a greedy algorithm for finding the maximum value of the price-quality ratio in the labor market is justified. Using Wolfram Mathematica, according to the method found earlier, the formulated optimal control problem was solved at each time half-interval. Results. Control values have been obtained at which the price-quality ratio in the labor market of the village of Sylva in the Perm Territory will be maximum over the next three years. The results substantiate the recommendation to introduce stricter requirements for applicants for vacant positions at the city-forming enterprise of the village of Sylva in the Perm Territory.

Payment for Occasional Religious Rites in the Income Structure of the Orthodox Clergy in the Late 19th – Early 20th Century (Based on the Materials of the Mordovian Region)

Abstract Introduction. One of the main functions of the parish clergy in the late 19th – early 20th century was to perform church rites and “sacraments” at the request of parishioners. The payment for the correction was perceived by a certain part of the parishioners as additional levies and served as a reason for the growth of social tension. The article attempts to update the study of this source of funding for the clergy and clergy in the context of socio-economic development of the region. Materials and Methods. The research is based on general scientific and special historical methods (comparative historical, problem-chronological, systemic and structural). Results. The main difficulties in conducting the study are related to the fact that, for ethical reasons, the ROC did not introduce a tariff for demand correction and the diocesan authorities did not control this part of the income of the clergy. In this regard, complete and objective data on the income of clerics from the demand for correction are found in the documents of spiritual consistories quite rarely. Clerics and parishioners privately negotiated prices for occasional religious rites. In the parishes of neighboring counties, approximately similar prices were set for occasional religious rites. According to available information, the established norms were often advisory in nature. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the source base allowed us to identify some features of the church documentation related to the desire of the clergy not to show the real size of their income. These include the careless maintenance and destruction of notebooks in which the money received for the occasional religious rites was recorded, the fixation of the income of the clergy directly by the clergy (or their spouses), who received the bulk of the funds collected from the population. In parishes with vacant places, the priests were afraid of withdrawing part of the money in favor of diocesan guardianship.

“It should be treated in a better way” – Perceived topovacancy in the participative urban planning

Urban vacant and abandoned land has significant development potential in towns and cities around the world. In this study, we argue that a bottom-up-oriented approach is necessary in order to map urban vacancy. A pilot case study including answers from 133 participants from a small town in Central Europe demonstrates how vacant places can be defined using sketch mapping as a participation technique. The method is based on well-known concepts of topophilia and topophobia. We see the novelty of the paper in two respects: (i) we coin the term perceived topovacancy with regard to urban vacant areas, and (ii) we employ residents' knowledge as the major source of information for spatial definition of such areas. The results revealed important insights into the spatial distribution of the vacant hotspots in the town of Šternberk. They were found not only in former industrial areas but also in the town's center referring to derelict site type of vacancy. The findings are further analyzed based on the residential origin of the participants – natives and non-natives as well.

Holding on

What resources do people facing great difficulties linked to the increase in social inequalities between territories use daily? Why do some people in precarious situations move from one region to another and not others? How do these relocations, endured or chosen, contribute to locking them in or giving them back control over their lives? A loss of income or the hope of an easier life may lead to residential relocation to areas where the cost of living is lower (rent, food), where relatives are available to share domestic tasks in the broadest sense. Staying put when neighbors leave, having to leave a neighborhood where the cost of living has risen sharply, seeing one's neighborhood become impoverished, empty, collapsed, seeing adjacent neighborhoods get richer: all these factors obfuscate attitudes towards the future and lead to emotions such as anger, shame, or sadness. These questions are raised by a collaborative social science study that examines the role of economic dynamics and public authorities in the selective collapse of portions of the French territory. The photographic investigation conducted in Tonnerre between 2017 and 2022 is the first unit implemented by this collective research. It focuses on the conditions necessary for photography to be an effective heuristic tool in the service of scientific knowledge. Formally, the work is part of a lineage partially interrupted during the second half of the twentieth century, that of alliances between photography and social sciences forged a century earlier in Europe (Thomson and Smith), in Australia (Gillen and Spencer), and in the United States (Boas and Hastings). The project advocates the notion of photographic and ethnographic practice closer to a craft rather than an art form, a profession rather than an artistic gesture, for production of knowledge at the service of accretion of understanding and interdisciplinary cooperation rather than the competitive search for innovation. On the zoom.able platform, the visual essay unfolds on three levels. The first layer presents a map of the city of Tonnerre that highlights the important structures for the survey: pictograms indicate the entry points to the territory, the caring institutions that allow people to survive, the vacant places that play a key role in the arrival of precarious populations, and the shelters that provide protection from the cold and rain. The second layer shows a selection of portraits, with captions providing information on the different ways in which people have settled in Tonnerre over the past ten years. The framework engages the people photographed at several stages of the production. They have chosen the places where the pictures were taken. They have also chosen the places to which their portraits are linked on the map, either because they spend time there, or because they have in those locations an emotional connection, related to their hopes and doubts. And they have also coauthored the captions accompanying the photographs, to explain their singular relationship to the area. The third layer follows two rationales: the places identified on the map refer to photographic documentation of the territory, while each portrait refers to the resources mobilized to deal with daily life as well as photographic situations. From an epistemological perspective, this is about restoring the gap between the observed world and its photographic representation, a reminder that photographic materials, in order to be usable, must be related to the singular context of their production: the distance between photographer and subject; monochromatic effects; and things that are out-of-frame, such as the photographer's body language during the shoot.

Modelling association between two Multiple Response Categorical Variables (MRCV) using generalized log-linear models: the case of urban agriculture in Mutare City

Purpose: This research aimed to apply log-linear modelling to model association between multiple response categorical variables (MRCV) on urban agriculture and enhance data analysis of the paper by Basera, Chakaipa, & Dube (2020) impetus of urban agriculture on open spaces of Mutare City. Research methodology: The research data was obtained from households and farmers in Mutare City - urban and peri-urban (inclusive of plots in Weirmouth Park and Fern Valley area in December 2020. A total of one hundred and fifteen (115) household farmers were surveyed. Results: Simultaneous Pairwise Marginal Independence (SPMI) tests revealed the presence of associations. Log-linear tests revealed a perfect fit based on small standardized Pearson residuals and a strong positive association based on observed and model-predicted odds ratios on-field agricultural activities and use of herbicides. Log-linear and further application of heterogeneity tests revealed partial and near no perfect fit in other pairs of MRCVs with a strong negative association between municipality vacant places and field agricultural activities. Limitations: The research could not carry out log-linear model associations of three or more MRCVs because files exceeded 2GB in memory on both MI.test () function for SPMI tests and genloglin regressions. Contribution: The study contributes to urban agriculture planning especially in enactment of urban agriculture laws, agriculture one stop shop business centers housing farm input supply shops, farm produce shops, and determining fit support that can be rendered to urban farmers. Keywords: Multiple Response Categorical Variables (MRCV), Association, Urban agriculture

Поливариантность пространственно-возрастной структуры ценопопуляции подроста сосны крымской (Pinus рallasiana D. Don)

Studies of the processes of natural renewal of Crimean pine, carried out during 2018–2019, on the mountain ranges of the Yalta Mountain Forest Reserve allowed us to establish a number of the following features. The surge of renewal is transient in time and the basis of the coenopopulations of undergrowth at the object of research is made up of plants that appeared in the first two post-fire years. Individuals that appeared in subsequent years occupy vacant places in the conditions of existing renewal niches, complementing the structure of the age spectra of pine undergrowth, emphasizing the asymmetry of the spectral distribution series. On the one hand, the spatial structure of undergrowth coenopopulations is a representation of the “matrix” of forest fire, on the other hand, it is determined by the structure of pine trees’ fruiting. The monotonous decrease in the density of the population field of undergrowth, due to the remoteness of the walls of the mother plantings and the specifics of seed dispersal, is supplemented by the alternation of undergrowth biogroups of increased density. The presence of areas of increased density against the background of constantly decreasing density of plants with a distance from the walls of the mother plant is predetermined by the influence of testes and seed curtains preserved during the fire. At each specific point in the renewal space, the structure of the process or its shape will be determined by the influence of external environmental and internal endogenous factors due to the biogroup effect of plant groupings. Polyvariance of the spatio-age structure of the undergrowth in the gorelnik space is the result of autoregulation of the cenopopulation structure in accordance with the capacity of the existing renewal niches.

Morphological transitions of Bacillus subtilis in the presence of food-grade lipidic nanoemulsions.

The present study aims to study the antibacterial activity of food-grade lipidic nanoemulsion (noncationized/cationized) against Bacillus subtilis (BS). Bactericidal activity was ascertained by studying the morphological transitions on BS using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphological changes were witnessed by cell wall breakage, oozing out of cellular contents, loss of cell turgidity and contour. Furthermore, aggregation of cationic nanoemulsion (CaNM) was preferentially observed at apical side of BS construing comparatively more electrostatic attraction between electronegative apical side and CaNM. Resistance response of BS exhibited by apical cell-wall thickening was not able to protect the bacteria due to leakage of cellular content. AFM corroborated its importance in bacteriology, wherein the fragmented cell wall can be "piece-by-piece" identified and sutured back to its appropriate vacant places, thereby, completing the cell wall contour of the ghost cell. Such postmortem analysis of bacterial cell using AFM studies can throw light toward mechanism of cell fragmentation of bacterial cells. SEM study also demonstrated the deformed, fragmented, and amorphous nature of BS construing the bactericidal effect of prepared nanoemulsion.

Sp2 amorphous carbons in view of multianalytical consideration: Normal, expeсted and new

sp2 Amorphous carbons are considered as objects of the modern nanotechnology. A particular set of the highest‑carbon-content sp2 species, two natural amorphous carbons (shungite carbon and antraxolite) as well as two engineered carbon blacks were subjected to analytical study by using a set of selected modern structural and compositional analytical techniques. The suggested approach occurred quite efficient and allowed disclosing a number of steady points that are common to the whole class of this carbon allotrope and are able to get a vision of atom-molecular representation of the solids. Among the commonalities observed, there are the following: i) sp2 Amorphous carbons are conglomerates of nanographites, basic structure units of which lay the foundation of the atom-molecular description of the solids. ii) The units represent framed graphene molecules of 1÷2 nm and of 1÷ (1÷3)*10 nm in size in the case of natural and engineered products, respectively. iii) The molecule framing, predominantly incomplete with respect to the number of vacant places, concerns only edge atoms and is implemented by the related chemical additives, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogens which are attached to the carbon core via chemical bonding. iv) Inelastic neutron scattering and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allow attributing the bonds to chemical compositions involving hydrogen and oxygen while quantum chemistry ensures reliable support. v) The basic structure units of sp2amorphous carbons are strongly radicalized due to which the latter acquire new properties, being the largest repository of stable radicals.

The Crimean Tatar hereditary clergy and its genesis (1783–1831)

The article deals with the Islamic clergy on Crimea (the Province of Tauria), which as a corporate body was officially registered on the 17thof September 1796. On that day the clergy officially became tax exempt. The Islamic “hereditary” clergy in Crimea was not homogenous: its formation was influenced by the migration movements of the local population in the 18th–19thcent. The nucleus of the “hereditary” clergy consisted of the spiritual leaders of the bygone epoch who accepted the Russian Empire as their new patria. The deficit in clergymen, which was provoked by the mass emigration of the Crimea Tatars to the Ottoman Empire resulted in the fact that many vacant places were taken by the low classes (petty bourgeois) who did manage identify themselves in the Russian registry documents in 1795 and 1811 as “clergy”. In this way Tatar religious communities sought to ensure the continuity of their religious traditions and practices as well as to create an alternative in choosing a local spiritual leader. The attempt of the Russian authorities to establish in 1831 of the closed privileged class of Tauria’s clergy in order to control their number, turned out to be unrealistic. However, already in 1833, a large class of “hereditary” clergy was legalized by making them tax and other duties exempt when they were actively involved in the pastoral care.

POSSIBILITY OF USE OF MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES IN ATTRACTING SPECIALISTS TO EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Modern educational institutions require qualified teachers who can provide the educational services of proper level. The problem of providing educational institutions with pedagogical staff has been relevant for a long time, till nowadays. It can be solved by a consecutive marketing program, elements of which can be found on the school websites. The author carried out a general analysis of the websites of Ukrainian schools (both public and private ones) and concluded that there is a solid lack of information, which should be aimed specifically for young graduates. The author believes that during the process of development of marketing program, the governance of schools ought to orientate it not only based on necessities of consumers of educational services, but also made it suitable for teachers who in future can apply for work in these institutions. According to the author, the pages of websites devoted to the personnel policy of schools should also contain the requirements to the possible candidates for vacant places in these institutions. It is also important to place the information about working conditions - material and technical support of the educational institution. This will allow young specialists to make conclusions about the possibility of realizing their knowledge and practical skills. The author believes that young specialists are interested in the information concerning the projects in which an educational institution is involved. Such information indicates the level of development of the institution and possible perspectives for its employees. The author suggests the use of the "reverse" orientation of the marketing activities of the school regarding employees, which will encourage its attractiveness for young professionals, and will also help the educational sphere in its competition for highly skilled workers.

Investigating the Entrepreneurship Behaviour among Hospitality Undergraduates in Egypt

The present paper makes an attempt to highlight the concept of entrepreneurship behaviour as a new way of employment patterns among hospitality seekers. Nowadays the hospitality graduates find themselves facing the public and private sector challenges. Work vacant places in both the Egyptian public and private sector are seldom to get it due to many problems such as nepotism, lack of salaries fairness, government legislation and privatization. Entrepreneurial behaviour has been a vibrant field of study because of the advantages of its career creation for those who need a career opportunity in their own potential companies. The main aim of this comparative research is to understand undergraduate student behaviour for entrepreneurship and the factors affecting entrepreneurial behaviour in the tourism and hospitality faculties in two different samples of universities in Egypt. One is private Pharos University in Alexandria and the other is public Fayoum University in Fayoum. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a convenient sample of 130 students based in Fayoum and 60 students from the private one. Results revealed that respondents are considering entrepreneurship and interested in it especially in case of tourism crises that has been appeared after Egypt revolution and the inflation decision of the Egyptian central bank 2016. This research hypothesised that different personality traits, and education influence and shape the hospitality graduates entrepreneurial intentions. Some implications for practice are discussed and the research conceptual model contribution is recommended.

WILLIAM HERSCHEL'S 'HOLE IN THE SKY' AND THE DISCOVERY OF DARK NEBULAE

In 1785 William Herschel published a paper in the <italic>Philosophical Transactions</italic> containing the remarkable section "An opening or hole". It describes an unusual vacant place in Scorpius. This matter falls into oblivion until Caroline Herschel initiated a correspondence with her nephew John in 1833. It contains Herschel's spectacular words "Hier ist wahrhaftig ein Loch im Himmel" ("Here truly is a hole in the sky"). About a hundred years later, Johann Georg Hagen, Director of the Vatican Observatory, presented a spectacular candidate for the 'hole', discovered in 1857 by Angelo Secchi in Sagittarius and later catalogued by Edward E. Barnard as the dark nebula B 86. Hagen's claim initiated a debate, mainly in the <italic>Journal of the British Astronomical Association</italic>, about the identity of Herschel's 'object'. Though things could be partly cleared up, unjustified claims still remain. This is mainly due to the fact that original sources were not consulted. A comprehensive study of the curious 'hole' is presented here. It covers major parts of the epochal astronomical work of William, Caroline and John Herschel. This includes a general study of 'vacant places', found by William Herschel and others, and the speculations about their nature, eventually leading to the finding that dark nebulae are due to absorbing interstellar matter. Some of the 'vacant places' could be identified in catalogues of dark nebulae and this leads to a 'Herschel Catalogue of Dark Nebulae'—the first historic catalogue of its kind.

Quantum consciousness in warm, wet and noisy brain

The emergence of quantum consciousness stems from dynamic flows of hydrogen ions in brain liquid. This liquid contains vast areas of the fourth phase of water with hexagonal packing of its molecules, the so-called exclusion zone (EZ) of water. The hydrogen ion motion on such hexagonal lattices shows as the hopping of the ions forward and the holes (vacant places) backward, caused by the Grotthuss mechanism. By supporting this motion using external infrasound sources, one may achieve the appearance of the superfluid state of the EZ water. Flows of the hydrogen ions are described by the modified Navier–Stokes equation. It, along with the continuity equation, yields the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which describes the quantum effects of these flows, such as the tunneling at long distances or the interference on gap junctions.

Iterated Tabu Search and Variable Neighborhood Descent for packing unequal circles into a circular container

This paper presents an Iterated Tabu Search and Variable Neighborhood Descent (ITS-VND) algorithm for packing unequal circles into a circular container (PUCC). The algorithm adapts the Tabu Search procedure of Iterated Tabu Search algorithms and proposes a Tabu Search and Variable Neighborhood Descent (TS-VND) procedure. We observe there are strong complementarities between the small circles and the large vacant places, and propose the insert neighborhood to match up the small circles with the large vacant places. Although the insert neighborhood is inefficient and time-consuming, it is an important supplement to the classic swap neighborhood as it could arrange the small circles properly. Predicated on these features, we employ the insert neighborhood only at chosen local minima of the swap neighborhood that shows promise for an improvement. The traditional Tabu Search procedure is then transformed into a hybrid procedure composed of two alternative parts, namely Variable Neighborhood Descent and Tabu Search respectively. Besides this reformed procedure, ITS-VND also incorporates other new features, such as an adaptive evaluation function, a novel method for accelerating the neighborhood exploration, and the “collision accidents” criterion for evaluating how intensively the area near the current solution has been explored. The computational results on three well established benchmark sets show that the proposed algorithm not only has a good discovery capability but also can provide good results within a reasonable time. For a total of 84 benchmark instances, the proposed algorithm improves the best-known results on 23 instances, matches 60, and only misses one.

Solvation of lithium ion in dimethoxyethane and propylene carbonate

Solvation of the lithium ion (Li+) in dimethoxyethane (DME) and propylene carbonate (PC) is of scientific significance and urgency in the context of lithium-ion batteries. I report PM7-MD simulations on the composition of Li+ solvation shells (SH) in a few DME/PC mixtures. The equimolar mixture features preferential solvation by PC, in agreement with classical MD studies. However, one DME molecule is always present in the first SH, supplementing the cage formed by five PC molecules. As PC molecules get removed, DME gradually substitutes vacant places. In the PC-poor mixtures, an entire SH is populated by five DME molecules.

Spectral Anatomies: Heritage, Hauntology and the ‘Ghosts’ of Varosha

This paper unravels the idea of the ‘ghost town’ - and more specifically the deserted district of Varosha, Famagusta - as it relates to heritage, questioning the discursive dynamics and affective potential of what can seem a trite and therefore hollow phrase. Drawing on apposite theories of hauntology (Derrida 1993) and the ghosts of place (Bell 1997) I argue that there is a dense back-and-forth between two distinct positions in this term, both of which play into wider heritage processes. The first understands the ghost town as an empty if uniquely atmospheric space, ripe for development or ‘dark tourism’ (Lennon and Foley 2000). Heritage is implicated here in the protection and promotion of sites which may be perceived as ‘ruin porn’ - by turns melancholy and exhilarating but fundamentally removed from contemporary life. The second position unsettles this reading by focusing on the complexities of the very word ‘ghost’, here understood as ‘the sense of the presence of those who are not physically there’ (Bell 1997: 813). From this perspective, common heritage practices (including collecting, exhibiting and narrating) might be seen as an attempt to psychologically re-inhabit vacant places, a process which takes on extra significance around the highly politicised context of Varosha. Through fieldwork, archival research and intertextual and visual analysis I track the description of Varosha as a ghost town across journalism, contemporary art and diasporic discourse, in the process anatomising this spectral designation to reconceptualise its wider relevance to heritage.

Changes of Employment in Enterprises in the South-Moravian Region during and after Economic Recession

In the period 2008–2010, the labour market of the European Union was significantly affected by the economic recession, which impacted economic development in all regions of the Czech Republic including the South Moravian Region. Impacts of the economic recession in the labour market were primarily reflected on decline of vacant work places, an increase in job seekers, and thus an increase in the unemployment rate, as well as an increase in long-term unemployment, etc. Enterprises in the region are responding to this situation in different ways, but all have to flexibly adapt – increase or decrease – the number of employees and production as movements in the labour market have been very significant for the past four years. In 2011 and 2012, the economic recession was not discussed anymore. However, has it already finished? The analysis of movements in the labour market, especially comparison of plans and reality in enterprises during and after economic recession is the aim of the paper.

La oferta de educación superior de pregrado en Chile desde la perspectiva territorial: inequidades y asimetrías en el mercado

This article is aimed to analyze the distribution of higher education from a territorial perspective based on data about vacant places in all academic programs of year 2011. To this end, it examines vacant places available in each type of institution, in each area of knowledge and type of career. With this data, about region and municipality, it reviews supply in terms of complexity and forms of distribution, setting a typology that describes them along with the territorial component. It presents final considerations about the evolution of the supply in higher education and highlights the market weaknesses to address development policies on human capital in synergy with improvement strategies and territorial aptitudes.

Undergraduate higher education supply in Chile from a territorial perspective: inequities and asymetries in the market.

This article is aimed to analyze the distribution of higher education from a territorial perspective based on data about vacant places in all academic programs of year 2011. To this end, it examines vacant places available in each type of institution, in each area of knowledge and type of career. With this data, about region and municipality, it reviews supply in terms of complexity and forms of distribution, setting a typology that describes them along with the territorial component. It presents final considerations about the evolution of the supply in higher education and highlights the market weaknesses to address development policies on human capital in synergy with improvement strategies and territorial aptitudes.

Decontamination by Replacing Soil and Soil Cover with Deep-Level Soil in Flower Beds and Vacant Places in Northern Fukushima Prefecture

Decontamination by Replacing Soil and Soil Cover with Deep-Level Soil in Flower Beds and Vacant Places in Northern Fukushima Prefecture