V2CTx MXene Research Articles

Porous V2CTx MXene as a High Stability Zinc Anode Protective Coating.

Aqueous Zn batteries exhibit significant research potential owing to their environmental friendliness and high energy density. Nevertheless, the formation of dendrites on the zinc anode and the sluggish diffusion kinetics of zinc ions adversely affect the cycle life of zinc ion batteries. In this study, we employ porous V2CTx (MVMX) as a protective layer for the zinc anode. The uniform porous structure of MVMX promotes active site exposure and facilitates the transport of zinc ions. Remarkably, the Zn@Ti half-cell demonstrated an average CE of 99.7% in 1500 cycles. Furthermore, the Zn-Zn symmetric battery exhibited stable cycling for 1600 h at current densities of 5 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2. Additionally, the MVMX@Zn||V2O5 full cell exhibited a capacity of 198 mAh g-1 and retained a capacity of 124.75 mAh g-1 after 5000 cycles at 1 A g-1, demonstrating the potential of employing alternative MXenes for fabricating stable zinc anodes.

MXene/WO3 Sensor Array with Improved SNN Algorithm for Accurate Identification of Toxic Gases.

Gas sensing is pivotal in critical areas such as industrial production and food safety. This study explores the gas classification capabilities of MXene-based gas sensors. Pure V2CTx MXene and an MXene/WO3 nanocomposite were synthesized, and MXene-based gas sensors were integrated into a 2 × 2 rudimentary electronic nose array. The tests on gas sensitivity revealed that the inclusion of WO3 nanoparticles (NPs) boosted the sensor's response to 10 ppm of NO2 from 2.82 to 3.45 at room temperature. Moreover, the sensor showcased a rapid response/recovery duration of 74.5/149.0 s, excellent environmental stability, and long-term reliable sensing performance. Furthermore, we have improved the method of accurately identifying four toxic gases detected by an MXene-based sensor array using a spiking neural network (SNN) based on the memristive system. Also, the performance of this identification method revealed that the method achieved 95.83% accuracy in the identification of the four gases. Notably, the improved SNN demonstrated approximately 5% higher accuracy than the other gas recognition algorithm. These results highlight the potential of SNN as a powerful tool to accurately and reliably identify toxic gases based on the gas sensor array.

Nanoarchitectonics of Nickel Nitride‐V2CTX Mxene: An Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Alkaline Water/Seawater Applications

AbstractSeawater, being the most plentiful natural water source worldwide, is a highly abundant and cost‐efficient medium for producing hydrogen by alkaline water electrolysis. However, the advancement of seawater electrolysis is hindered by notable impediments caused by chloride corrosion at the anode and the simultaneous chlorine evolution process. Only a limited number of non‐noble electrocatalysts demonstrate noteworthy bifunctional catalytic efficacy and long‐term durability. In this regard, Nickel Nitride tailored V2CTX Mxene nanostructures is reported as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water/seawater applications. The optimized sample Ni3N@3000‐V2CTx exhibits low overpotential values of 90 and 300 mV in acidic and alkaline + seawater solutions respectively at 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction. Similarly, this catalyst shows 70 and 240 mV overpotential values in alkaline water and alkaline + seawater solutions respectively at the same current density for oxygen evolution reaction. Synergetic effects of Multiple Vanadium and Nickel valency along with compelling nitrogen bonds creates elevated density of exposed functional sites for electrocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the notable electrochemical active surface area and mass activity suggest an enhanced and significant presence of abundant active sites. Additionally, the high stability and significantly decreased charge transfer resistance expedited the overall water/seawater‐splitting reaction rate.

V2CTx MXene-derived porphyrin-based MOF modified with ZIF-67 as an ultra-stretchable and deformable double-network hydrogel for room temperature detection of dimethylamine

Stretchable and self-adhesive chemical sensors are highly appealing for wearable applications in health and environmental monitoring. Here, for the first time, we report V2CTx MXene-derived Porphyrin-based MOF (V-PMOF) modified with Zeolite imidazole framework-67 (ZIF) for the room temperature detection of dimethylamine. V-PMOF is synthesized from V2CTx MXene using tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) as a ligand via a solvothermal route. Thereafter, an optimized wt% ratio (1:1) of ZIF-67 and V-PMOF crosslinked by PVA/polypyrrole (Ppy) is put for lyophilisation which yields the V-PMOF@ZIF-67 double-network (DN) hydrogel. Detailed morphological assessment reveals dodecahedron shaped ZIF-67 particles are evenly distributed on the V-PMOF sheets which are encapsulated in the polymer matrix. This three-dimensional polymeric structure of hydrogel largely enhances the active sites on the surface with abundant oxygen vacancies. The sensor exhibits a dynamic range of 1 ppm to 13 ppm with a low limit of detection (LOD = 3 s/σ) of 902 ppb towards dimethylamine detection. Further, quick response/recovery times (3 s/7s) are observed along with high robustness tosignificant mechanical deformation, including twist (270°), large-range bending, and upto 500 % strain without affecting the sensing performance. The remarkable sensitivity is accredited to the abundance of O2 functional groups in polymer chains and the formation of schottky heterojunction between V-PMOF and ZIF-67, facilitating charge transfer from the heterostructure to dimethylamine during sensing. In addition, the self-adhesive hydrogel based sensor shows outstanding selectivity against other typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such acetone, ethanol, ammonia, trimethylamine, aniline, and methanol. In overall, this work provides insight into designing extremely flexible sensitive dimethylamine gas sensor as innovative material.

Two-dimensional vanadium carbide (V2C) MXene derived heterostructures for high-performance lithium storage

Li3VO4 is notable for its high theoretical capacity and favorable lithium-ion insertion potential, making it a promising candidate for lithium storage applications. However, its practical use is limited by low electronic conductivity, which results in reduced electrochemical performance and significant resistance polarization during lithium storage. Herein, we developed a Li3VO4/V2CTx heterostructure using a MXene-derived approach, where Li3VO4 is anchored onto a conductive V2CTx MXene substrate. Theoretical calculations suggest that the heterostructure exhibits enhanced lithium adsorption capabilities compared to V2CTx, indicating improved interactions with lithium ions. The synthesized Li3VO4/V2CTx heterostructure demonstrates excellent rate performance and cycling stability. Additionally, a lithium-ion capacitor utilizing this heterostructure as the anode and activated carbon as the cathode achieves impressive power density and energy density. This study underscores the potential of this heterostructure as a high-performance anode material and offers valuable insights for the design of other advanced electrode materials.

V2CTx MXene for sustainable wastewater treatment: Inspired by the exoskeletons of nature’s microscopic architects

The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane is prepared and its wetting properties are tuned through polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating. Subsequently, a layer of Vanadium Carbide MXene (V2CTx) is derived from etching the Aluminium layer from Vanadium Aluminium Carbide (V2AlC) MAX phase. The V2CTx MXene is deposited onto the PVA-coated PVDF through vacuum deposition. This incorporation ensures that the V2CTx is deeply rooted within the substrate bolstering its separation capabilities with an underwater superoleophobic and in-air superhydrophilic surface. The bi-functional membrane serves as an essential experimental validation for the application of V2CTx MXene in treating oily wastewater. It efficiently separates oil and water while aiding in aqueous-oil demulsification, providing an innovative solution for wastewater treatment. Additionally, this membrane demonstrates effective adsorption of organic contaminants due to the presence of V2CTx MXene, further enhancing its remediation capabilities. Therefore, this work introduces a pioneering approach utilizing V2CTx MXene in treating oily wastewater.

V2CTx MXene interspersed PVDF electrospun nanofibers based piezoelectric nanogenerator for self-powered electronic devices and mechano-electrodeposition

Rapid advancement of 2D materials has spurred extensive research into MXenes, given their remarkable properties applicable in fields like energy storage, catalysis, and energy harvesting. MXenes, notably Ti3C2, hold promise for self-powered sensors such as piezoelectric nanogenerators, yet exploration of other variants is limited. This study presents a Piezoelectric Nanogenerator (PENG) composed of electrospun nanofibers fabricated from a composite of PVDF/ V2CTx MXene. V2CTx MXene synthesis involves hydrothermal synthesis followed by an acid etching process. These composite electrospun nanofibers, deposited onto a copper sheet, serve as the PENG, generating 124 V (open-circuit) and 2.2 µAmps (short-circuit) with manual single-finger tapping. Additionally, the PENG's versatility is demonstrated through its ability to facilitate the electrodeposition of ZnO thin films and power various small-scale electronic gadgets. Mechanical stability analysis over 3000 cycles underscores the device's robustness, indicating potential for enhanced self-powered sensing technology in nanogenerator applications and prompting further exploration of MXene variants.

Fabrication of a novel tin disulfide/vanadium carbide MXene (SnS2/V2CTx) photocatalytic heterojunction with the potential application for environmental remediation

Lately, researchers have been striving to develop efficient and economically viable multifunctional photocatalysts. This is in effort to address the currently faced energy and water crises. Herein, tin disulfide/vanadium carbide MXene (SnS2/V2CTx) heterojunction was prepared through facile self-assembly approach, followed by calcination for strong integration of the two materials (SnS2 and V2CTx). The prepared pristine and composite materials' structural characteristics, chemical composition, morphology, and charge transfer kinetics were studied using spectroscopic, microscopic techniques, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The prepared SnS2/V2CTx composites exhibited improved optical and photoelectrochemical properties compared to the pristine materials. In particular, the energy bandgap (Eg) was reduced from 1.30 eV (SnS2) to 0.81 eV (SnS2/V2CTx). Additionally, the calculated band alignments exhibited superior redox potentials towards the generation of useful reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the formation of a heterostructure between SnS2 and V2CTx MXene presents a reproducible approach towards fabrication of efficient photocatalyst with combined synergistic catalytic attributes.

Thermal behavior of the dielectric response of composites based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) filled with two-dimensional V2CTx MXenes.

In this study, two-dimensional V2CTx MXenes were prepared by an accessible and rapid method, which involved aluminothermic combustion synthesis of the V2AlC MAX phase and its further processing in an HCl/LiF mixture under hydrothermal conditions. The resulting V2CTx MXene was characterised by XRD, SEM, TEM and XANES. A colloidal solution of the V2CTx MXene in dimethylformamide was used to prepare nanocomposites based on a poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymer matrix with a conductive filler content of 2.5 to 20 wt%. The nanocomposites were characterised by XRD, SEM and simultaneous DSC-TG analysis. The dielectric properties of the nanocomposites were studied using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz at temperatures from -50 to +140 °C. The results showed that adding 20 wt% V2CTx to PVDF allows increasing the permittivity to 425.3 with a dielectric loss tangent of 0.54 at a frequency of 10 kHz. Studies of the temperature behavior of the dielectric response of composites have shown that the nature of the temperature dependence of the permittivity and dielectric loss tangent was determined mainly by the characteristics of the PVDF polymer matrix, while the filler had a significant effect only on the interfacial polarization, which increased with increasing V2CTx filler concentration and temperature.

Tailoring Alkalized and Oxidized V2CTx as Anode Materials for High-Performance Lithium Ion Batteries.

V2CTx MXenes have gained considerable attention in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their special two-dimensional (2D) construction with large lithium storage capability. However, engineering high-capacity V2CTx MXenes is still a great challenge due to the limited interlayer space and poor surface terminations. In view of this, alkalized and oxidized V2CTx MXenes (OA-V2C) are envisaged. SEM characterization confirms the accordion-like layered morphology of OA-V2C. The XPS technique illustrates that undergoing alkalized and oxidized treatment, V2CTX MXene replaces -F and -OH with -O groups, which are more conducive to pseudocapacitive properties as well as Na ion diffusion, providing more active sites for ion storage in OA-V2C. Accordingly, the electrochemical performance of OA-V2C as anode materials for LIBs is evaluated in this work, showing excellent performance with high reversible capacity (601 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 over 500 cycles), competitive rate performance (222.2 mAh g-1 and 152.8 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 and 5 A g-1), as well as durable long-term cycling property (252 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 undergoing 5000 cycles). It is noted that the intercalation of Na+ ions and oxidation co-modification greatly reduces F surface termination and concurrently increases interlayer spacing in OA-V2C, significantly expediting ion/electron transportation and providing an efficient way to maximize the performance of MXenes in LIBs. This innovative refinement methodology paves the way for building high-performance V2CTx MXenes anode materials in LIBs.

Enhanced electrochemical performance of molten salt synthesized V2CTx MXene@VOx composite in Zn ion aqueous electrolytes

The development of MXenes using Lewis acidic salts for etching (MS-MXenes) in molten salts presents a novel, fluorine-free method attracting considerable interest. However, the behavior of various MS-MXenes and their derivatives in aqueous environments remains largely unexplored. Particularly, vanadium-based MXenes demonstrate intriguing properties in Zn ion aqueous electrolytes. Herein, a fluorine-free V2CTx MXene@VOx is synthesized by molten salt etching under an argon atmosphere. The electrochemical properties of V2CTx@VOx are tested in various aqueous electrolytes, including Zn(TFSI)2, ZnSO4, ZnBr2, ZnAc2, and ZnCl2 solutions. The V2CTx@VOx shows high redox capacities in all these Zn ion electrolytes, with the peak performance observed in 1 M ZnBr2, achieving a maximum capacity of 172 mAh g−1 at 1 mV s−1. This performance rivals that of V2CTx MXene prepared through wet-chemical methods. These results underscore the potential of MS-MXenes materials in aqueous energy storage applications.

Eutectic phase change composites with MXene nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal absorption and conversion capacity

Phase change composite materials with uniform nanomaterial dispersion are potential solutions for improving thermophysical properties and enhancing latent heat capacity applicable in thermal management. In this study, various transitional carbide-based MXene samples were synthesised via acid etching to augment the heat transfer capacity and efficiency of the solar thermal energy storage (TES). These samples were then uniformly dispersed in a eutectic mixture (1:1) of paraffin wax (PW) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000), resulting in the formation of a MePCM composite. The controllable porous structure and hydrogen interactions with the external layer of MXene and long-chain PCM benefitted in the well impregnation of PCM and compatibility impregnated into the composite. An exceptionally higher mass fraction of 1 wt % Ti3C2Tx MXene-based phase change composite unveiled a higher phase change enthalpy of 138.66 J/g in the melting phase and 139.54 J/g in the solidification phase with 89.82 % energy storage efficiency. In contrast to pure eutectic PCM (0.2593 W/mK), the thermal conductivity of MePCM composite is relatively higher and provides a thermal conductivity of 0.9209 W/mK for Ti3C2Tx MXene-based composite. The enhancement of thermal conductivity is ascribed to the increased heat conduction pathway facilitated by the MXene arrangement. The utilisation of spatially constrained eutectic phase change material (PCM) assembly resulted in the development of MePCM, which exhibited enhanced thermal conductivity, chemical and physical stability, and thermal consistency across 500 melting-solidification cycles. Benefitting from the thermal conduction path, the MePCM exhibits an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of 98.53 %. The thermal responsive tests of Ti3C2Tx and V2CTx MXene composite samples provide better thermal response than eutectic PCM without thermal reduction. With a higher thermal storage capacity and higher heat transfer property, thermally reliable MePCM composites exhibited tremendous potential for photothermal applications.

Interface Engineering-Modulated Nanoscale Bimetallic CoFe-MIL-88A In-Situ-Grown on 2D V2CTx MXene for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction.

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) provides a sustainable green development route for the nitrogen-neutral cycle. In this work, bimetallic CoFe-MIL-88A with two active sites (Fe, Co) were immobilized on a 2D V2CTx MXene surface by in situ growth method to achieve the purpose of the control interface. A large number of heterostructures are formed between small CoFe-MIL-88A and V2CTx, which regulate the electron transfer between the catalyst interfaces. The adsorption and activation of nitrogen on the active sites were enhanced, and the NRR reaction kinetics was accelerated. CoFe-MIL-88A is tightly arranged on V2CTx, which makes CoFe-MIL-88A/V2CTx have better hydrophobicity and can significantly inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction. The synergistic effect of multicatalytic active sites and multi-interface structure of CoFe-MIL-88A/V2CTx MXene is propitious to nitrogen efficiently and stably to convert into ammonia under environmental conditions with superior selectivity and good catalytic activity. The NH3 yield rate is 29.47 μg h-1 mgcat-1 at -0.3 V vs RHE, and the Faradaic efficiency (FE) is 28.86% at -0.1 V vs RHE. The catalytic mechanism was verified to conform to the distal pathway. This work will provide a new way to develop an MXene-based electrocatalyst for eNRR.

A comprehensive study on the surface property changes of antibodies on interacting with Ti3C2Tx, V2CTx, or Mo2TiC2Tx MXenes

MXenes are nanomaterials composed of layered transition metal carbides and nitridesand are considered to have considerable potential in the biomedical translation field. However, the biological and toxicological behaviours of nanomaterials (NMs) are regulated by protein-corona formation, which leads to conformational changes in proteins and impacts their biological functions. Thus, in this work, we synthesized four different MXenes (multi-layered titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx-ML); single-layered titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx-SL); single-layered molybdenum titanium carbide (Mo2TiC2Tx-SL); and multi-layered vanadium carbide (V2CTx-ML)) and studied their physicochemical interactions with a model protein immunoglobin G (IgG) from human serum. The conformational, thermal, and colloidal stabilities of IgG were investigated after exposing IgG to MXenes for 15 min at IgG/MXene ratios of 40:1 and 20:1. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed that the secondary structure of IgG underwent a concentration-dependent conformational change after exposure to all four MXenes. ζ-potential studies showed that Ti3C2Tx-ML MXene had the highest negative surface charge due to the presence of abundant fluorine (F) surface groups. However, this increased the hydrophilicity of IgG/MXene solution and eventually caused IgG aggregation and destabilization. Furthermore, Ti3C2Tx-ML MXene had a greater tendency to produce protein coronas than the other MXenes. This study describes a versatile means of examining the properties of MXenes responsible for protein coronas and lays a foundation for establishing the connection between protein corona formation and the biological functions of MXenes.

Synergistic effect of charge transfer and interlayer swelling in V2CTx/SnS2 driving ultrafast and highly sensitive NO2 detection at room temperature

Transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) have shown great potential in room temperature (RT) gas sensors, but the self-stacking of MXene sheets limits their sensitivity and response/recovery speed. In addition, the poor selectivity of MXenes sensors caused by the conventional single sensing mechanism remains a challenge. Herein, a synergistic effect of charge transfer and interlayer swelling is proposed to comprehensively improve the gas sensing performance of the MXenes toward oxidizing NO2. To this end, a resistive gas sensor is prepared by combining the accordion-like V2CTx MXene and n-type SnS2 nanoplates. The results reveal that the NO2 sensitivity of the V2CTx/SnS2 sensor is enhanced by 581.6 times compared to the pristine V2CTx sensor, while achieving ultrafast response and recovery speeds (4.8/4.7 s) at 25 °C under 51.9 % relative humidity. Furthermore, the V2CTx/SnS2 sensor exhibits excellent selectivity (response ratio > 5) to NO2. The outstanding gas sensing performances can be attributed to the synergistic sensing of charge transfer and interlayer swelling, unique structure and more active sites. This work expands the gas sensing application of the V2CTx MXene and promotes the in-depth combination of multiple sensing mechanisms, opening an effective avenue for developing high-performance RT NO2 sensors.

An acetate electrolyte for enhanced pseudocapacitve capacity in aqueous ammonium ion batteries

Ammonium ion batteries are promising for energy storage with the merits of low cost, inherent security, environmental friendliness, and excellent electrochemical properties. Unfortunately, the lack of anode materials restricts their development. Herein, we utilized density functional theory calculations to explore the V2CTx MXene as a promising anode with a low working potential. V2CTx MXene demonstrates pseudocapacitive behavior for ammonium ion storage, delivering a high specific capacity of 115.9 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and excellent capacity retention of 100% after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1. In-situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurement verifies a two-step electrochemical process of this unique pseudocapacitive storage behavior in the ammonium acetate electrolyte. Theoretical simulation reveals reversible electron transfer reactions with [NH4+(HAc)3]···O coordination bonds, resulting in a superior ammonium ion storage capacity. The generality of this acetate ion enhancement effect is also confirmed in the MoS2-based ammonium-ion battery system. These findings open a new door to realizing high capacity on ammonium ion storage through acetate ion enhancement, breaking the capacity limitations of both Faradaic and non-Faradaic energy storage.

Understand the effect of the confinedtrifluoromethane sulfonate (OTf−) anions by the adjacent MXene nanosheets on oriented design of Zn ion storage

Ion pre-intercalation regulating the tunnel structure of electrode materials accelerates Zn2+ insertion kinetics to realize a high energy storage contribution of Zn-ion batteries. However, electrostatic interaction induced by the pre-intercalated cation and multivalent Zn2+ ions hinders the insertion of Zn2+/H+. In order to retain the negative interlayer surface, herein, OTf− anions were intercalated into the confined spacing by MXene via an electrochemical-driven method. Without changing the potential state of the interlayer spacings, OTf− anion induced a regulated interlayer distance, and a higher oxidation state of V based on the space occupation and the electron transfer mechanism. Consequently, the zinc ion storage capacity of V2CTx MXene increases from 125.2 to 288.7 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g. Interestingly, the negatively charged MXene surface was still intact, which presents lower diffusion barriers of the Zn2+ ions. The merits of anion pre-intercalation are highlighted and provide new insights into the ion storage function-oriented design of MXene.

Construction of sandwich-structured V2CTx@PDA@Ag nanosheet composite for enhanced near-infrared photothermocatalytic sterilization performance

The long-term use of antibiotics leads to drug resistance, it is insufficient to combat stubborn pathogens. Therefore, it urgently needs a material that can quickly and effectively eradicate bacteria, especially for resistant bacteria and their biofilm structures that are difficult to eliminate with conventional antibiotics. This article adopts a new 2D layered V2CTx MXene material, which utilizes in-situ coating method to stimulate dopamine self polymerization and fix nano silver onto V2CTx nanosheets. V2CTx@PDA@Ag showed very significant antibacterial effect under 808 nm laser illumination for 30 min. After analyzing the sterilization mechanism, the photothermal synergistic sterilization of composite mainly relies on physical contact, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and the photothermal synergistic effect. It is worth mentioning that after V2CTx is coated with PDA, the photothermal efficiency is improved, V2CTx and nano silver are also effectively connected. It proved that the composite has stable and efficient antibacterial properties.

Improved pseudocapacitor and water splitting in cobalt-anchored vanadium carbide MXene nanocomposite

Electrochemical capacitors and hydrogen production through water splitting into constituent hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) molecules are promising methods for long-lasting energy storage. This work presents a simple synthesis of a cobalt ion-doped vanadium carbide MXene (Co@V2CTx) nanocomposite, utilized as an effective, durable, and stable electrode for supercapacitors and as an electrocatalyst for water electrolysis. In 1 M KOH, the Co@V2CTx nanocomposite produced a capacitance of 1071 Fg-1 at 5 mVs−1 (more than 8 times that of pristine V2CTx MXene) and an energy and power density of 26.7 Whkg−1 and 325 Wkg-1 respectively at 1 Ag-1. In addition, the Co@V2CTx nanocomposite showed good hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity, exhibiting a minimal overpotential of 103 mV at 10 mAcm−2 and Tafel slope of 83 mVdec−1. The excellent performance of the Co@V2CTx nanocomposite is due to the synergistic effects produced when cobalt ions are intercalated into the vanadium carbide MXene, preventing restacking of sheets and boosting ion transfer. This work presents an easy and effective method for synthesizing MXene-based nanocomposites for energy storage and conversion applications.

Sonochemically synthesized porous V2CTx MXene/red-black phosphorus composite: A promising electrode for supercapacitors

Densely packed structure of MXene leads to less utilization of active material and thus show the mediocre performance. Fabrication of electrolyte-accessible, porous MXene composites with high rate capability and improved cycle life still needs to be looked upon. Herein, we've synthesized a red/black phosphorus (RBP) hybrid via an efficient and sustainable sonochemical route using low-cost red phosphorus (RP) in different solvents. RBP hybrid was then incorporated between V2CTx MXene layers to fabricate hetero-structured 3D V2CTx MXene-red/black phosphorus nanohybrid (MXRBP) as an electroactive material for supercapacitors. Red/black phosphorus prevented the MXene sheet from restacking and the resulted highly porous structure offered large electrochemically active surface area (ECSA ∼2125 m2 g−1). The MXRBP nanocomposite electrode blends the superior electrochemical characteristics of V2CTx MXene and the mechanical resilience of RBP. Therefore, the synergy in MXRBP||MXRBP symmetric cell result in energy density of 55 Wh Kg−1 @452 W Kg−1. This study, which is based on the design and fabrication of MXene based materials, is anticipated to offer a broad foundation for the next generation energy storage devices.