User Experience Design Research Articles

Exploring the application of LLM-based AI in UX design: an empirical case study of ChatGPT

Exploring the application of LLM-based AI in UX design: an empirical case study of ChatGPT

Challenges and Responsibilities in the UX Design of Text-to-Image AI Models: A Discussion Through a Comparative Heuristics Evaluation

The rapid advancement and adoption of generative AI in creative and professional domains mark a significant evolution in technological interaction, raising pivotal discussions on its integration, usability and broader societal impact. This paper delves into the multifaceted challenges and opportunities presented by generative AI, focusing in particular on text-to-image tools and their integration into daily work practices of artists, designers, architects and researchers. As these creators increasingly incorporate AI's inherent unpredictability and ambiguity into their work, a critical examination of the ethical, legislative and environmental implications becomes imperative. We highlight how the User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI) aspects of these groundbreaking technologies remain mostly underexplored. UX pioneer Jakob Nielsen has recently warned that professionals in the field must adapt to the fast-paced advancements in AI or become obsolete for an industry that is becoming pivotal in the contemporary creative field. He draws a parallel between the current AI era and the dot-com boom of the 1990s, highlighting how UX professionals were slow to adapt to the Internet, which led to missed opportunities and a lack of user-centred design. Consequently, the usability of generative AI tools is a paramount concern, especially as non-expert users increasingly engage with these systems. This paper explores the usability challenges, specifically the articulation barrier where users struggle to effectively communicate prompts to AI, and the consequent need for more intuitive and accessible interfaces. Through comparative analysis and a heuristic evaluation of four leading models, i.e. Midjourney, Dall.E, Stable Diffusion and Adobe Firefly, which presents a unique case study for comparison due to their divergent UI and UX elements, we aim to provide insights into the current state of AI tools and propose pathways for their responsible and effective use.

AI assistance in enterprise UX design workflows: enhancing design brief creation for designers

The study explores the impact of AI tools on the daily tasks of designers in corporate environments, with a focus on the creation and evaluation processes of design briefs. Given ChatGPT’s advanced natural language processing capabilities and its potential to meet the complex communication and analysis needs of design work, this tool was selected to investigate its application in designers’ workflows. Through expert interviews, experimental testing, and third-party expert evaluations, we collected and analyzed data to understand the impact of AI on work processes. The findings indicate that AI tools significantly enhance both operational experience and subjective perceptions across most tasks. Additionally, the study provides a visual comparison of the testing process through a user experience map, highlighting AI’s positive influence on work efficiency, information retrieval, verification, analysis, communication, and decision-making. However, challenges remain in ensuring information authenticity, protecting content copyright, and maintaining professional identity. The primary objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state of AI application in business contexts and its impact on designers’ roles. By analyzing real-world feedback, the research aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of AI solutions in enterprises and offer practical recommendations. The study underscores the importance of integrating AI thinking into workflows and adopting a human-centric approach for the future development of corporate work environments.

Exploring the Role of AI in UX Research

Presently, artificial intelligence (AI) is primarily utilized in user experience (UX) research for handling routine tasks like text conversion (e.g., transcription, survey preparation) to manage large volumes of data efficiently. However, its potential as a collaborative partner in generating ideas and insights remains largely untapped, possibly due to the limited AI education among UX researchers. There is a recognized need to enhance AI literacy among Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) students to effectively utilize AI tools in UX research for an AI-driven future. Despite its growing importance, the integration of AI literacy into HCI curricula remains insufficient. This study aims to explore AI’s potential in addressing current challenges in UX research and assess UX researchers’ readiness to adopt AI tools. Through in-depth interviews with five early-career UX researchers, it examined their experiences, challenges, and perspectives on integrating AI. Thematic analysis of the interview data uncovers insights, revealing that AI has significant potential to overcome challenges in collecting, interpreting, and synthesizing qualitative data, as well as in translating user needs into design concepts. The findings are intended to inform strategies for incorporating AI literacy into HCI education, aligning with industry demands for AI-enabled expertise in UX design.

HCI Teaching and Learning Model Using Studio-Based Learning

This research explores Studio-based Learning (SBL) within Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) subjects, focusing on the crucial elements required in the design of maker spaces to enhance user experience (UX) design education. As HCI becomes increasingly complex and interdisciplinary, traditional classroom settings often fail to provide the required experiential learning environment for certain subjects. Our study examines various subjects in the discipline, highlighting diverse interactivity requirements and the potential of Studio-based Learning to effectively address students' and staff’s needs. We analyse the impact of studio settings on the learning outcomes and expectations of students, especially in fostering creativity, collaboration, and hands-on engagement. Our research findings indicate that studio-based classrooms significantly improve student learning experiences in interactive and practical subjects, although effective planning around space and time constraints can impede its full implementation.

The Impact of User Aesthetics on UI Design: Exploring Design Preferences in China's Sinking Markets vs. Tier 1 and Tier 2 Cities

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the aesthetics of users in China's sinking - market and those in first - and second - tier cities on UI design. This research will conduct a case analysis through a series of typical e - commerce platforms in China. By distinguishing among user experience, cognitive burden, and emotional design, it summarizes what the aesthetic differences are among different market groups, what factors cause these differences, and the impact of these differences on UI design.

Empirical methods for enhancing user experience in human-computer interaction design with digital media integration

Abstract. This study rigorously examines the application of empirical methodologies aimed at augmenting the user experience (UX) within the domain of human-computer interaction (HCI) design, with a pronounced emphasis on the seamless integration of digital media. In an era where digital media intricately intertwines with our daily lives, crafting interfaces that are both intuitive and engaging is becoming increasingly essential. This paper embarks on an in-depth analysis of a variety of empirical research techniques, including but not limited to, user studies, A/B testing, and comprehensive analytics. These methodologies are pivotal in providing critical insights and feedback that inform and refine the HCI design process. By judiciously incorporating these empirical methods throughout the design and development phases of digital media applications, designers and developers are equipped to forge more effective, accessible, and immersive user experiences. This approach ensures that digital media interfaces are not only functional but also highly engaging and responsive to user needs and preferences. The research findings underscore the critical role of user-centered design practices in significantly enhancing user engagement, satisfaction, and usability. It emphasizes that understanding the end-user's perspective and integrating their feedback into the design process is fundamental in creating digital media interfaces that resonate with users. Through a detailed exploration of these empirical methods, the study provides a comprehensive framework for improving digital media experiences, highlighting the necessity for a synergistic approach to HCI design that prioritizes user satisfaction and usability. This body of work contributes valuable insights into the ongoing discourse on the optimization of digital media interfaces through empirically informed design strategies, advocating for a user-centric approach in the rapidly evolving landscape of digital media technology..

Analyzing Collaborative Challenges and Needs of UX Practitioners when Designing with AI/ML

UX designers and researchers who work with AI/ML face different kinds of challenges throughout the design process. Though close collaborations with AI/ML developers and data scientists could address some of these challenges, such interdisciplinary collaborations are non-routine and hard to realize. In this work, we investigate barriers for effective collaboration with ML practitioners, how they affect UX practice of AI/ML applications, and what UX practitioners need to overcome these challenges. We conducted a qualitative study with 14 UX practitioners who are working on AI/ML products as designers or researchers. Our findings show that UX practitioners face challenges in communication, understanding the model and model development processes, establishing ways to collaborate, and reconciling model-centric metrics of evaluation with user-centric outcomes. They described various needs in terms of more visibility into model development processes, access to comprehensible and contextual model information, and hypothetical tools that can potentially support collaboration with ML practitioners and enhance UX design processes. We discuss implications of this research for designing collaborative tools and empowering UX practitioners.

InclusiveWeb : A Smart Browser Approach to Enhancing Web Accessibility for Users with Diverse Disabilities

This article presents InclusiveWeb, an innovative accessibility-focused web browser designed to enhance digital inclusion for users with diverse disabilities. The browser addresses the persistent challenge of widespread non-compliance with web accessibility standards by implementing real-time content adaptation mechanisms, disability-specific tools, and a highly customizable user interface. InclusiveWeb's architecture incorporates advanced machine learning algorithms to dynamically modify web content, offering tailored solutions for users with visual impairments, dyslexia, language disorders, cognitive disabilities, and ADHD. The article details the browser's design principles, technical considerations, and user experience features, supported by a comprehensive evaluation methodology involving user studies with various disability groups. Results demonstrate significant improvements in task completion rates, user satisfaction, and overall accessibility compared to standard browsers. While acknowledging limitations and areas for future research, this article highlights InclusiveWeb's potential to revolutionize web accessibility, shifting the paradigm from reliance on content creators' compliance to browser-level adaptations. The implications of this approach for web accessibility standards, digital inclusion, and future technological developments are discussed, emphasizing the browser's role in creating a more equitable digital landscape.

Research Driven by User Demand for the Design of a Cross-Border Travel Credential Bag

Cross-border travel often presents challenges in document storage, which can burden travelers. This study addresses the issue by designing a credential bag that enhances safety, convenience, and environmental sustainability. Utilizing design research, we applied the KANO model to categorize user needs, employed analytic hierarchy process to prioritize these needs, and used quality functional deployment to translate them into specific design elements. The KANO model has identified a total of 18 demand indicators, including “must-be”, one-dimensional, and attractive. An analytic hierarchy process analysis of the secondary indicators found that demands for the security of anti-theft, partition storage of documents, a variety of carrying methods and green sustainability have relatively high weight. The innovative solutions derived from the KANO-AHP-QFD model improve design practices and user experience in document storage. This approach offers a scientific and practical reference for the sustainable development of travel supplies and the luggage industry.

Designing UI and UX Design in GenApp Application Using Design Thinking Method

This research aims to create an ARBook learning application design for high school students on genetic material. Today's growing technology has affected various fields, one of which is education. Generation Z is a generation that understands and is literate in technology. High school students born in Generation Z have characteristics that tend to like technology, are smart, open, and like to express themselves. To attract students' interest in learning, there needs to be media used by utilizing technology. It is necessary to understand the characteristics of students when making learning media design. The method used in this research is the design thinking method, which has five stages: emphasize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. This research produces an ARBook GenApp application design that suits the characteristics of Generation Z students. The test results from the student response trial obtained good results of 89.17%, which were included in the very feasible criteria.

Enhancing User Engagement and Retention in Fintech: Research on Effective User Experience Strategies and Design Principles

The financial technology (fintech) sector has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by technological advancements and changing consumer expectations. This research paper explores effective user experience (UX) strategies and design principles that enhance user engagement and retention in fintech applications. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, this study examines the impact of specific UX elements on user behavior and retention rates. The findings suggest that a user - centered approach to design, incorporating elements such as simplicity, personalization, and responsive design, significantly improves user satisfaction and loyalty in the fintech sector.

Home-Based, Low-Intensity, Gamification-Based, Interactive Physical-Cognitive Training for Older Adults Using the ADDIE Model: Design, Development, and Evaluation of User Experience.

Declines in physical and cognitive function are natural biological processes, leading to an increased risk of falls. Promising evidence suggests that combined physical-cognitive exercise has beneficial effects in improving both physical and cognitive health. Although moderate-to-high exercise intensity is commonly recommended, it might be impractical for older adults facing physical limitations or contraindications. Thus, low-intensity exercise is a viable option. The main barriers to engaging in exercise in older adults include transportation, time, motivation, and enjoyment. To overcome these challenges, a home-based, gamification-based training system may provide an effective approach to enhance exercise adherence. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the usability of a low-intensity, gamification-based, interactive physical-cognitive exercise for older adults in a home-based setting. The prototype of a game-based physical-cognitive exercise was created following the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) and assessed for user experience in older adults. A total of 15 older adults engaged in the game-based physical-cognitive exercise at home for 60 minutes per day, 3 days per week, for 4 weeks. The usability of the game-based training system was evaluated using the system usability scale (SUS) after completion of a 4-week training program. As for satisfaction, the 8-item Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) questionnaire was used to assess participants' enjoyment level after 1 week and 4 weeks of training. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate the SUS score. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the PACES scores between the first week and the end of the 4-week period, with significance set at P<.05. As for experts' consensus, the game-based training consisted of 3 games: Ocean Diver, Road Runner, and Moving and Memorizing. The games had 3 levels of difficulty: beginner, intermediate, and advanced. A computer vision-based system was selected as the delivery platform for a home setting. The total SUS score for all participants was mean 87.22 (SD 5.76), indicating the user's perception of the usability of a system ranging from good to excellent. At the end of the 4-week training, the total PACES score was significantly greater than the first week, suggesting an improvement in enjoyment (first week: mean 44.93, SD 3.99 vs fourth week: mean 50.53, SD 4.70; P=.001). The prototype of low-intensity, gamification-based, interactive physical-cognitive training was designed and developed using the ADDIE model, which included both experts and end users in the process. The findings showed that the exergame prototype was a usable and practical approach for a home-based setting, enhancing older adults' enjoyment and motivation. Further research is warranted to determine the effectiveness of such gamification-based training in promoting physical and cognitive functions.

Data-Driven Personalization : Revolutionizing User Experience

Data-driven personalization has emerged as a transformative approach in digital user experience design, leveraging advanced analytics and machine learning to tailor content and interfaces to individual users. This article explores five key aspects of data-driven personalization: user behavior analysis, segmentation and targeting, machine learning algorithms, real-time adaptation, and privacy and ethical considerations. It examines the significant impact of personalization on business outcomes, including increased revenue and customer engagement, while also addressing implementation challenges, such as technological complexity and privacy concerns. The article provides insights into the methodologies, processes, and best practices for effective personalization, supported by industry statistics and case studies, offering a comprehensive overview of how organizations can harness this powerful approach to create more engaging, relevant, and effective digital experiences.

A comprehensive review on NUI, multi-sensory interfaces and UX design for applications and devices for visually impaired users.

In today's world, there has been a significant increase in the use of devices, gadgets, and mobile applications in our daily activities. Although this has had a significant impact on the lives of the general public, people who are Partially Visually Impaired SPVI, which includes a much broader range of vision loss that includes mild to severe impairments, and Completely Visually Impaired (CVI), who have no light perception, still face significant obstacles when trying to access and use these technologies. This review article aims to provide an overview of the NUI, Multi-sensory Interfaces and UX Design (NMUD) of apps and devices specifically tailored CVI and PVI individuals. The article begins by emphasizing the importance of accessible technology for the visually impaired and the need for a human-centered design approach. It presents a taxonomy of essential design components that were considered during the development of applications and gadgets for individuals with visual impairments. Furthermore, the article sheds light on the existing challenges that need to be addressed to improve the design of apps and devices for CVI and PVI individuals. These challenges include usability, affordability, and accessibility issues. Some common problems include battery life, lack of user control, system latency, and limited functionality. Lastly, the article discusses future research directions for the design of accessible apps and devices for visually impaired individuals. It emphasizes the need for more user-centered design approaches, adherence to guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, the application of e-accessibility principles, the development of more accessible and affordable technologies, and the integration of these technologies into the wider assistive technology ecosystem.

Intelligent User Experience Design in Digital Media Art under Internet of Things Environment

Intelligent User Experience Design in Digital Media Art under Internet of Things Environment

Is AI making faculty's jobs worse?

Rua Mae Williams, an assistant professor in the User Experience Design program at Purdue University, recently shared on X (the network formerly known as Twitter) the ways implicit bias about who and what intelligence looks and sounds like inspires greater use of artificial intelligence platforms, such as ChatGPT, among students who don’t feel they measure up.

Is AI making faculty's jobs worse?

Rua Mae Williams, an assistant professor in the User Experience Design program at Purdue University, recently shared on X (the network formerly known as Twitter) the ways implicit bias about who and what intelligence looks and sounds like inspires greater use of artificial intelligence platforms, such as ChatGPT, among students who don’t feel they measure up.

Integration of Digital Repositories and Spatial Design within the Metaverse: the Evaluation of Features and Narratives to set Learning Environments on Cultural Heritage

Abstract. The Metaverse is rapidly advancing across cultural, professional, and service sectors, enhancing data compatibility and interaction. Its architectural design supports both visual interaction and information layers, characterising an ideal platform for the promotion of Digital Heritage. The digitisation of Cultural Heritage and the creation of Digital Repositories find complementarity in the Metaverse, which enables social interactions between Digital Heritage contents and virtual communities. This integration is pivotal for developing Learning Environments, where accessible virtual products can be combined with original digital storytelling and narratives.The paper presents methods and results from an Erasmus+ international school, which focused on using digital communication and 3D modelling tools to create immersive narratives on Mediterranean architectural modernity. Students from various Cultural Heritage disciplines designed virtual exhibitions within the Metaverse platform Spatial and open repository materials. The research concentrated on the application of Metaverse platforms for their spatial design and educational utility within the Heritage sector. The activities included developing digital narratives and interactive exhibitions enriched with multimedia data from digital repositories. The study discusses the limitations of customising visual materials, the importance of repository connections, user experience design, and the potential for future developments in Metaverse applications for Cultural Heritage learning environments and storytelling.

The Future Museum: Integrating Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual-text with AI-enhanced Information Systems

This study examines how AR, virtual text, and AI in future museums affect visitor engagement, knowledge acquisition, emotional response, and social interaction. The study uses econometrics equations, text analysis, thematic qualitative data analysis, and agent-based modelling. The economic models show that virtual text type, depth of knowledge, personalization, accessibility options, and AR museum experiences increase visitor engagement, knowledge, emotional response, and social interaction. Thematic analysis displays visitor viewpoints such as AR curiosity, personalization, and cultural significance, while correlation matrices indicate their relationships. Bayesian econometrics, text analysis, thematic qualitative data analysis, and agent-based modelling are used to explore museum visitors' interactions with augmented reality, virtual text, and AI-enhanced information systems. These devices improve visitor engagement, social connection, emotional response, and information collection. Self-reported data biases, context biases, and rapid technological advancement limit the study. Museums can benefit from user-centric technology, AR, personalization, and cultural knowledge. The main findings reveal that these technologies significantly increase museum visitors, emphasizing that future museum administration and design must carefully adopt new technology. The findings may affect museum staff, designers, and decision-makers. Learning important technology factors improves AR, virtual text, and AI-enhanced information system design and deployment decisions. UX design prioritizes visitor choices, while immersive and integrated displays connect museum experiences. These practical implications force museums to actively and practically integrate technology to stay relevant. The project's findings, practical insights, and visitor experiences will improve future technological and cultural organisation research. The whole process contributes to the discussion on how emerging technologies affect museum experiences and innovation and decision-making in the ever-changing cultural heritage context.