UV Glue Research Articles

Fiber optic Fabry–Pérot salinity sensor based multiple conductive hydrogel sensing layers

This study introduces a new type of salinity sensor based on fiber optic Fabry-Pérot (FOFPS) featuring a tip coated with intelligent chemical cross-linked network materials. The sensor integrates a single-mode optical fiber, capillary tube, and quartz rod, bonding both ends using UV glue. Furthermore, it employs a multi-layer coating of polyacrylic acid (PAA)-polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel achieved through layer-by-layer stacking technology. Results indicate the FOFPS's capability to measure salinity in aqueous. Across concentrations ranging from 0 ‰ to 45 ‰, a linear correlation between wavelength and concentration is observed. FOFPS utilizing PAA-PAAm hydrogel exhibits a sensitivity of approximately 1.241 nm/‰, high linearity of 0.995, and maximum drift of 57.971 nm. These findings underscore the efficacy of PAA-PAAm hydrogel as a sensing layer in FOFPS, highlighting its superior adjustability, responsiveness, linearity, and suitability for environmental refractive index sensing applications.

Ultra-sensitive fiber-optic temperature sensor based on UV glue-based FPI and Vernier effect

In this paper, compact cascaded Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) for fiber-optic temperature sensors are proposed and verified. The sensors are prepared by combining the properties of temperature-sensitive material ultraviolet glue (UV glue) and the basic principle of the traditional Vernier effect (TVE), first-order harmonic Vernier effect (HVE), and second-order HVE. The sensing cavity FPIs is made up of UV glue filling the gap between two single-mode fibers (SMF) with flat cut ends. The reference cavity FPIr is composed of SMF-capillary-SMF structure. The temperature sensitivity of the FPIs is up to 1.01 nm/°C by the high thermal expansion coefficient of the UV glue. By changing the free spectral range (FSR) of the FPIr, high detection sensitivities achieved are −10.14 nm/°C, 15.22 nm/°C, and 22.24 nm/°C, corresponding the situation of TVE, first-order HVE, and second-order HVE, respectively. The experimental results indicate that temperature sensors based on UV glue possess a simple and compact structure and strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, making them suitable for temperature measurement in various environments.

Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Elastomer Director Patterns for Multi-Mode Shape Morphing

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a monolithic material with programmable three-dimensional (3D) morphing modes stemming from their designable non-uniform molecular orientations (or director). However, the shape morphing mode is generally fixed when director patterns of LCEs are determined. Multi-mode shape morphing is difficult to achieve since director patterns cannot be reconfigured. Herein, we demonstrate the ability to reconfigure LCE director patterns and initial shapes—and thus shape morphing modes—by the manual assembly and de-assembly of LCE pixels. We measured the mechanical properties of LCEs with and without UV glue and found their Young’s moduli were 9.6 MPa and 11.6 MPa. We firstly fabricate LCE pixels with designed director fields and then assemble 24 pixels with required director fields into an LCE film with a designed director pattern, which corresponds to a programmed shape morphing mode. We further exhibit that we can de-assemble the LCE film back into original pixels or new pixels with different shapes and then re-assemble them into a new film with a different initial shape and director pattern, which corresponds to a second programmed shape morphing mode. Principally, we can have a large amount of shape morphing modes if we have enough pixels. The demonstrated capability of multi-mode shape morphing enhances functions of LCEs, which broadens their applications in soft robotics, programmable origami/kirigami, responsive surfaces, and so on.

Cascaded plastic optical fiber based SPR sensor for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature.

A cascaded side-polish plastic optical fiber (POF) and FONTEX optical fiber based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed for simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature. The side-polish POF and FONTEX optical fiber are connected by using the UV glue in a Teflon plastic tube. The SPR phenomenon can be excited at both of the side-polish region and the FONTEX fiber cladding. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is coated on the side-polish POF to get a temperature sensing channel. Due to the low RI sensitivity of the FONTEX optical fiber, the cascaded fiber sensor can obtain a broader RI measurement range with a low crosstalk. An RI sensitivity of 700 nm/RIU in the RI measurement range of 1.335-1.39 and a temperature sensitivity of -1.02 nm/°C measured in deionized water with a range of 20-60 °C are obtained. In addition, the cascaded POF based SPR sensor has potential application prospects in the field of biochemical sensing.

A high-performance long-range surface plasmon resonance sensor based on the co-modification of carbon nanotubes and gold nanorods

In order to solve the problem that the sensitivity of the optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is limited and the full width at half maxima (FWHM) is greatly increased after modification of two-dimensional materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), this paper proposes a Long-Range Surface Plasmon Resonance (LRSPR) Sensors co-modified by CNTs and gold nanorods. Gold nanorods were used to further enhance the sensitivity, and a simple and convenient method was used to excite the LRSPR by using low refractive index UV glue as a dielectric matching layer (DML). Compared with SPR sensor, the FWHM is reduced. The LRSPR sensor produced in this paper has a sensitivity of 5056.35 nm/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 23.52 RIU−1, which are 150.64% and 24.38% higher than conventional SPR sensors, providing a method to achieve high sensitivity and FOM of the sensor. At the same time, the large specific surface area of CNTs and gold nanorods can also improve the biocompatibility of the sensor surface, which makes it have the potential of biosensing. In this paper, the use of UV glue as a DML to excite LRSPR is proposed for the first time.

Sensing Performance of Ethanol Microfiber Probe Augmented by ZnO Nanosheet and UV Glue Film

A microfiber reflective ethanol gas sensing probe was designed and fabricated. The single-mode fiber was heated and stretched to prepare a microfiber taper, on which a mixed material of ZnO nanosheets and UV glue was built by the dip-coating method. The influencing factors on its sensing performance for ethanol have been discussed, including the dozen ratio of ZnO nanosheets, UV glue materials, and end-face morphology. As the concentration of ethanol gas increased, the intensity of the reflection spectrum increased with the responding sensitivity of 7.28 × 10−4 dBm/ppm. The exchanging efficiency of the optical signal is enhanced by the strong evanescent field of the microfiber taper. This sensing probe is convenient for high-density integration and working in a small space and is capable of high-performance monitoring for ethanol at room temperature.

Effect of inkjet-printed quantum dots microstructure morphology on the performance of light guide plate

Light guide plate (LGP) with quantum dots (QDs) microstructure is commonly prepared by screen printing, but the morphology of microstructure cannot be precisely controlled. Inkjet printing is an emerging technology that allows accurate positioning and controlled print droplet morphology, which can effectively solve this problem. However, studies on the preparation of QDs microstructure LGP using inkjet printing are rare, and the relationship between the morphology of inkjet-printed QDs microstructure and the performance of LGP is still unclear. Based on the above hotspots and challenges, this study systematically explores the effect of inkjet-printed QDs microstructure morphology on LGP performance by adjusting process parameters and combining with simulation models. Specifically, the ideal radial length and height ratio of the microstructure was firstly obtained as 25 by ray-tracing simulation optimization with Lighttools. In addition, the morphology of individual QDs microstructure was optimized using the limiting effect of UV glue. Finally, based on the optimized process parameters and structure explored above, the printing parameters were adjusted. QDs microstructures with regular distribution, uniform size and smooth edges were obtained. The luminance uniformity of LGP made from them was 85.35%, and it had good current stability and thermal stability. It is expected that these findings will shed some new lights on large-scale application of QDs microstructure LGP.

Sensing performance comparison for two kinds of reflected fiber ethanol probes with flatted end and microfiber taper

Reflected fiber probes can efficiently detect different environmental parameters in the narrow space. In this paper, the coreless fiber and the microfiber taper cascade-spliced structures were coated with the sensitive materials. Their refractive index sensing performance was studied and compared. The microfiber taper shows a sensitivity of −36.581 dBm/RIU, which is significantly higher than that of the coreless fiber structure with the same length (-9.482 dBm/RIU). The reflected microfiber taper ethanol gas sensor was made by surface-modified with the mixtures containing zinc oxide nanosheets and UV glue with low refractive index. In experiment, as the ethanol concentration increased, the intensity of the reflection spectrum increased, resulting in the sensitivity of 7.18 × 10-4 dBm/ppm. This miniature fiber structure can be integrated into the conventional optical fiber system to develop the miniature detectors with high performance.

Refractive index sensing performance demonstration of reflective microfiber long taper elaborated by silver and silicon nanoparticles using seawater samples

A refractive index fiber probe has been proposed based on a long-tapered microfiber, which was obtained from a long single-mode microfiber by the oxyhydrogen-flame-scanning and stretching method using a multifunctional fiber tapering machine. This microfiber probe was used to detect the refractive index of seawater samples with different concentrations by demodulating the intensity of reflected light. The refractive index sensing performance of the long-tapered microfibers elaborated by the low refractive index UV glue distributing silver nanoparticles and silicon nanoparticles were experimentally demonstrated, compared and analyzed. More stable spectra and sensing performance was obtained for the silicon nanoparticles compared to that of silver nanoparticles. Although a high average refractive index sensitivity of 13.047 dBm R−1IU−1 was obtained for the long-tapered microfiber coated by two layers of silver nanoparticle UV films. However, the quality of the corresponding spectra was severely damaged, and the amplitude of light intensity at different wavelengths varied greatly. These problems can be well avoided for the silicon nanoparticle-decorated microfiber tapers, where the overall monotonic variation of the interference spectral intensity will greatly simplify the signal demodulation process and improve the reliability of the measurement results.

High-sensitivity optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on multimode optical fiber multi Fabry-Perot interference cavities.

A high-sensitivity optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on a multi-Fabry-Perot interference (F-P) cavity in an etched multimode optical fiber (MMF) was proposed. The MMF was etched along the fiber axis and a hole with the length of about 250 µm formed in the MMF. The multi-F-P cavity in the MMF is a sandwich structure, which is composed of UV glue, magnetic fluid and UV glue. The refractive index and effective cavity length of the magnetic fluid cavity change with the changing of the external magnetic field, which will result in changes of the reflection spectra of the multi-F-P. Thus, the external magnetic field could be detected by the changes of spectra. Experimental results showed that the high magnetic field sensitivity of 299.7 pm/mT and 0.164 dB/mT were obtained in the range of 0∼8 mT weak magnetic induction intensity by using the wavelength and intensity demodulations, respectively. The proposed sensor shows the potential applications in the magnetic field measurement in the weak magnetic environment.

Fabrication of Beta-Barium Borate Sensing Head for Non-Invasive Measurement of Fluidic Concentration Variations.

In this study, a beta-barium borate sensing head (BBO-SH) was fabricated and evaluated for the measurements of fluidic concentration variations by using a non-invasive technique. The BBO-SH could be coupled to a fluidic container through thin interlayer water in a heterodyne interferometer based on the phase interrogation. To ensure the sensing head's stability, the package of BBO-SH uses the prism and the coverslip bounded with UV glue, which can resist environmental damage due to moisture. After each use, the sensing head could be easily cleaned. The sensitivity of the BBO-SH remained stable after repeated measurements over a period of 139 days. Finally, the achievable measurement resolutions of the concentration and refractive index are 52 ppm and 1 × 10-6 RIU, respectively, for the sodium chloride solution. The achievable measurement resolutions of the concentration and refractive index were 55 ppm and 8.8 × 10-7 RIU, respectively, for the hydrochloric acid solution.

High-sensitivity temperature sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interference of asymmetric taper-shaped ultraviolet glue

In this paper, a Mach-Zehnder interference (MZI) based on asymmetric taper-shaped ultraviolet glue is proposed for highly sensitive temperature sensing. Due to the small diameter and the deflected two ends of the tapered UV glue, part of the light leaked into the air during the propagation of the UV glue taper, resulting in interference. We tested the temperature sensing of several samples with different parameters. Experimental results show that with the increase of temperature, the wavelength moves linearly to a shorter wavelength. The highest temperature sensitivity can reach −15 nm/℃, and the linear correlation coefficient is 0.995. The sensor has the advantages of low cost, simple manufacture and higher temperature sensitivity is suitable for temperature measurement.

A Photon-Counting Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry Based Optical Fiber Temperature Sensor System

A photon-counting optical time-domain reflectometry (PC-OTDR) based optical fiber temperature sensor system is proposed and demonstrated experimentally in this work. In the system, a high speed photon-counting module is developed for fast measurement and a cascade SMF (single- mode fiber)-COF (capillary optical fiber)-SMF fiber structure is designed for the temperature sensing. Thanks to the newly developed active quench and reset integrated circuits, the photon-counting module achieves a maximum counting rate of nearly 35 Mcounts/s that allows the PC-OTDR based optical fiber sensor system achieving the OTDR trace of a 20 m fiber-under-test (FUT) within 0.2 ms and a 6 km FUT within 20 s. The spatial resolution measured is about 3.8 cm and 60 cm for the FUT of 20 m and 6 km respectively. To test the system's optical sensing usefulness, a SMF-COF-SMF is developed and connected to the FUT of the system to form a temperature sensor. The COF is filled by UV glue whose refractive index is sensitive to the temperature. Experimental results show that this system is capable of measuring the temperature in the range from 20 °C (room temperature) to 220 °C, which can also locate the sensing position accurately.

Graphene-Based Absorption-Transmission Multi-Functional Tunable THz Metamaterials.

The paper reports an absorption–transmission multifunctional tunable metamaterial based on graphene. Its pattern graphene layer can achieve broadband absorption, while the frequency selective layer can achieve the transmission of specific band. Furthermore, the absorption and transmission can be controlled by applying voltage to regulate the chemical potential of graphene. The analysis results show that the absorption of the metamaterial is adjustable from 22% to 99% in the 0.72 THz~1.26 THz band and the transmittance is adjustable from 80% to 95% in 2.35 THz. The metamaterial uses UV glue as the dielectric layer and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) as the flexible substrate, which has good flexibility. Moreover, the metamaterial is insensitive to incident angle and polarization angle, which is beneficial to achieve excellent conformal properties.

Refractive Index and Temperature Sensing Performance of Microfiber Modified by UV Glue Distributed Nanoparticles.

Dielectric materials with high refractive index have been widely studied to develop novel photonic devices for modulating optical signals. In this paper, the microfibers were modified by silicon nanoparticles (NPs) and silver NPs mixed in UV glue with ultra-low refractive index, respectively, whose corresponding optical and sensing properties have been studied and compared. The influence from either the morphological parameters of microfiber or the concentration of NPs on the refractive index sensing performance of microfiber has been investigated. The refractive index sensitivities for the microfiber tapers elaborated with silver NPs and silicon NPs were experimentally demonstrated to be 1382.3 nm/RIU and 1769.7 nm/RIU, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed microfiber was encapsulated in one cut of capillary to develop a miniature temperature probe, whose sensitivity was determined as 2.08 nm/°C, ranging from 28 °C to 43 °C.

Development of High‐Performance UV Solidification All‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

All solidification is the only way for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to achieve commercial application. At present, the intricate and expensive approaches such as vapor deposition used for DSSCs based on hole transport materials are unsuitable for the development of large‐scale all‐solid‐state devices. Herein, a new avenue for the evolution of all solid‐state DSSCs through dissolving the I−/I3− redox couple in commercial UV glue and then solidifying under UV light as electron transport materials is put forward. Not only does this device show superior stability (the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be maintained more than 95% after 1000 h), but also an optimum PCE of 6.15% (short‐circuit photocurrent density = 11.93 mA cm−2, open‐circuit voltage = 683 mV, fill factor = 0.75) is obtained. It must be the best choice for the future development of all‐solid‐state DSSC device.

Microfluidic Size Exclusion Chromatography (μSEC) for Extracellular Vesicles and Plasma Protein Separation.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as next generation diagnostic biomarkers due to their disease-specific biomolecular cargoes and importance in cell-cell communications. A major bottleneck in EV sample preparation is the inefficient and laborious isolation of nanoscale EVs (≈50-200nm) from endogenous proteins in biological samples. Herein, a unique microfluidic platform is reported for EV-protein fractionation based on the principle of size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Using a novel rapid (≈20min) replica molding technique, a fritless microfluidic SEC device (μSEC) is fabricated using thiol-ene polymer (UV glue NOA81, Young's modulus ≈1GPa) for high pressure (up to 6bar) sample processing. Controlled on-chip nanoliter sample plug injection (600 nL) using a modified T-junction injector is first demonstrated with rapid flow switching response time (<1.5 s). Device performance is validated using fluorescent nanoparticles (50nm), albumin, and breast cancer cells (MCF-7)-derived EVs. As a proof-of-concept for clinical applications, EVs are directly isolated from undiluted human platelet-poor plasma using μSEC and show distinct elution profiles between EVs and proteins based on nanoparticle particle analysis (NTA), Western blot and flow cytometry analysis. Overall, the optically transparent μSEC can be readily automated and integrated with EV detection assays for EVs manufacturing and clinical diagnostics.

An Enhancement and Detection Method for a Glue Dispensing Image Based on the CycleGAN Model

During the active alignment focusing process of car camera assembly, lenses and holders need to be gummed by creamy white and translucent UV glue. The quality of glue dispensing can directly influence the performance of car cameras. Because of the translucency of UV glue, the glue dispensing image may present a low contrast situation, which increases the difficulty of vision detection. This paper proposes a method based on CycleGAN to enhance the glue dispensing image and effectively overcome the problems of blurred and low contrast edges. First, the glue part of the image is segmented into twenty regions. Second, the VGG16 model is used to divide the abovementioned twenty regions into high-contrast images and low-contrast images. Next, the CycleGAN model is trained to enhance the low-contrast images, and then convert them to high-contrast images. Finally, glue contours are extracted by using thresholding segmentation and edge detection to ensure that the quality of glue dispensing can be detected. The success rates of the VGG16 model and the CycleGAN model are 96% and 58%, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can effectively enhance the low contrast part of the glue region and improve the detection accuracy. Specifically, it can increase the gray value difference between the glue and the background from 20 to 55, while the background is substantially retained. The detailed information of the edges of the images is enriched. The accuracy of glue edge extraction can be increased to 99%, which is an approximately 75% improvement compared to the methods without enhancement.

Design and Application of Waveguide Microwave Electron Synthesis Power Amplifier Using Er3+−Yb3+ Co-Doped Nanocrystalline

The solid-state power device has the advantages of small size, light weight and low working voltage, but the output power of the device is limited and cannot meet the engineering needs of power synthesis. Based on the characteristics of erbium (Er3+)-doped optical waveguide amplifier (EDWA), Er3+-ytterbium (YB3+) nanocrystalline were introduced into the design of solid-state power devices, and then nanoelectronic devices were designed to improve the output power of the device. First, NaYF4: 8%Er3+, 16%Yb3+ nanocrystalline were prepared. SU-8 UV glue was used to prepare NaYF4: Er3+. Yb3+ nanocrystalline doped polymer waveguide amplifier was designed and used to observe the waveguide morphology and its performance was tested. Then, the power synthesis amplification technology was studied, and the power distribution-synthesis network based on waveguide E–T junction was designed. The waveguide-microstrip transition structure adopted ridge waveguide transition. On this basis, the 4-stage waveguide E-plane stepped structure was introduced and its structure was simulated. In the design of the power synthesis amplifier, the signal gain of the synthesis amplifier was tested by using the nanocrystal-doped polymer waveguide amplifier as the power unit device. The experimental results show that the output signal light of the nanocrystal-doped polymer waveguide amplifier can be received by an infrared detector. When the pump light power at 980 nm is 200 mW and the signal light power is only 0.1 mW, the maximum relative gain is 4.7 dB in a 1.2 cm long waveguide. The saturated output power of the power unit device is 19.3 dB~19.8 dB, which is close to the saturated output power required by the chip manual. The gain curve of the power synthesis amplifier is relatively flat, that is, the use of nanocrystal-doped polymer waveguide electronic devices effectively improves the synthetic signal gain and reduces the adverse impact of power distribution-synthetic passive network loss.

P‐13.2: Optimizing Pad Bending Structure Based on Numerical Simulation to Prevent Metal Line Crack

This article applied numerical simulation to prevent metal line crack failure under extreme pad bending radius like 0.35mm. In this study, the relationship between the metal stress and various thickness designs of pad bending layers such as UV Glue, Bank &amp; PLN, ODH and PI was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of the neutral layer shift would be studied as well.The simulation result shows that either thinner UV or thicker ODH lowers the metal stress efficiently. However, PI shows an irregular relationship with the metal stress, and the influence of the bank thickness is not such obvious as others. After the layers thickness optimization, compared with the original design , metal stress in the optimized structure has been reduced by 67.21%, and the neutral layer gets closer to the metal line ( from 10.97μm to 0.62μm), which explains metal stress reduction.