Utilization Of Production Resources Research Articles

Transformation of Rural Communities in Parigi Moutong Regency

The purpose of this research is to find out about the process of transforming rural communities, forms of multi-actor intervention in rural transformation construction and new capacities for rural development in Parigi Moutong. This type of research is research using a qualitative research method approach as a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. This approach is directed at the setting and the individual holistically (whole), in this case individuals or organizations cannot be separated into variables or hypotheses and need to view them as part of a whole. The results showed that in the process of community transformation underwent two categories, slow and fast, which were conditioned by several of them: 1) socio-cultural background factors, 2) economic factors of property ownership, 3) political factors of power. Technological factors in the utilization of production resources. The form of intervention is seen in the community itself which is related to their daily lives with work ethic capital, government and entrepreneurs who have interests. The transformation process still has a gap between the indigenous population and the immigrant population.

The food-water-energy nexus governance model: A case study for Iran

As the world's population grows, food and energy supply will be one of the most important challenges. Agriculture, as the most important food producer, is not only a consumer of water and energy but also a major supplier of energy. Consequently, a balance must be struck between the harvest and utilization of production resources and the amount of agricultural production. The UN's Third Millennium Goals are on the agenda of achieving sustainable long-term development of human societies and ensuring food, water, and energy availability for future generations. To accomplish these goals, researchers have developed numerous interdisciplinary and specialized frameworks and approaches to achieve a dynamic and optimal balance of production and resource utilization, one of which being water, energy, and food. The water, energy and food Nexus approach is an overall vision of sustainability that strives to balance the various goals, interests, and needs of people and the environment by quantifying water, energy and food relationships through qualitative and quantitative modeling as well as advancing research for Integrate modeling and management to deliver important sustainable development strategies in today's dynamic and complex world. Given the environmental and water crises that threaten the Iranian nation's food and energy security, water, energy, and food, Nexus management can bring about change and balance in different sectors, depending on the needs and participation of all stakeholders. In this paper, a novel model for the Nexus approach governance model using the multi-layer visionary is being developed for the Iranian region for the water and food crisis the country is facing today.

Environmental and Economic Management of Coke Plants

Coke production has numerous serious environmental impacts (atmospheric emissions of pollutants, wastewater emissions, solid-waste storage). To reduce such impacts, the local environmental and economic system and its basic components must be studied in order to improve plant management. In the present work, existing approaches to determining the operational features of industrial enterprises as local environmental and economic systems are analyzed; their modification is considered. This analysis provides the basis for a set of correlated environmental and economic indices reflecting the specifics of a coke plant with a narrow production program (specifically, PAO Koks). It is particularly important to understand the relationship between the following pairs: the current environmental protection costs and the risk level; the current environmental protection costs and fees for environmental damage; the current environmental protection costs and the compensation factor for the economic harm; and the utilization of production resources and the risk level. It is evident that the coke plant has pursued different environmental policies at different times: from 2004 to 2010; and from 2010 to 2016. By the analysis of theoretical developments in Russia and elsewhere and the analysis of graphs of actual plant data, means of improving the management of the coke plant as a local environmental and economic system are identified. From this perspective, it is important to make better use of current expenditures on environmental protection by redistributing the total among specific budget items and by devising a management algorithm for the wastes generated at the plant such that they may be converted to a commercial product, with decrease in waste-storage fees. This research is of practical interest for large industrial enterprises with numerous negative environmental impacts, so as to identify effective environmental management strategies.

Ownership transformation, firm performance and manufacturing growth in China

AbstractMany commentators and researchers have attributed the manufacturing success in China to its ownership reforms. Using a micro database from the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics, this paper documents and quantifies this development. With systematic and robust analyses, it shows that the development of private ownership indeed played an essential role in improving firm performance and the allocation and utilization of production resources in the Chinese manufacturing sector. In addition, the paper estimates the contributions of firms under different ownership to manufacturing growth, showing that the development of private ownership was the driving force of manufacturing growth in China. The strong credible evidence has important policy implications for further maintaining sustainable development in China.

Analysis of Productive Resources of Maize Crop Among Farming Households in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This study examined productive resources of maize crop among farming households in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study used multistage sampling techniques. Data were collected from 120 maize farmers through well-structured questionnaires from three Local Government Areas of Ekiti State. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, and stochastic frontier regression model. Results from descriptive analysis showed that 30 percent of the maize farmers had secondary school education and above. Majority of the respondents (66.70%) had between 5 and 8 members that made up the household in the study area. It was revealed through the study that the majority of the respondents produced on a fairly large scale with average maize farm size of 3.39 hectares. Also, 80.0% of the maize farmers in the study area had more than 15 years farming experience. With profit of ₦116,590 per hectare and percentage profit of 58.63%, the venture is considered to be highly profitable. Farmers who invested ₦1 realized revenue of ₦1.59. The level of technical efficiency in maize production in Ekiti State ranged from 29.8% to 96.5% with a mean of 64.3%. This means that there are substantial opportunities to increase productivity and income through more efficient utilization of productive resources The RTS parameter (0.931) was obtained from the summation of the coefficients of the estimated inputs (elasticities) which indicates that maize production in the study area was in the Stage II of the production surface. Depreciation, hired labour, family labour, farm size and quantity of seed are the major farm specific variables that influence efficiency of the maize farmers while farming experience, extension access, land acquisition and access to credit contributed to technical inefficiency. It is therefore suggested that effort should be geared towards increasing the technical manpower of farmers, land redistribution policy that will increase the farm size of farmers in order to boost maize production should be encouraged; and in order to increase farmers’ profit, variable costs have to be cut down, since the bulk of the variable cost is incurred on labour, which would lead to greater gross margins and hence the profitability of the enterprise.

Model of the e-Manufacturing Environment as the Multi-Agent System

This article presents the model of the e-manufacturing environment as the multi-agent system. The e-manufacturing system is a joint, multi-dimensional base gathering all required information and providing fast access to data and various analyses needed for a manufacturing control system in a real time. All operations executed at the level of a manufacturing system are related to the appropriate level of a management system, thus it allows synchronizing actions at these areas. Fluent combination of operations realized at various levels of a company system allows to manufacture products of highest quality/reliability with maximum utilization of production resources and maximum adaptation of products basing on actions and decisions made pursuant to actual information from production plant. Applying the multi-agent systems for enterprise manufacturing control system enables automation of many processes which previously required human intervention, such as the inspection and control processes. Creating the environment which enables direct access to all the data coming from the production system and utilization them in a real time leads to a more correct analysis of processes taking place on all levels of the enterprise manufacturing system. Applying the multi-agent technologies significantly accelerates the information flow inside the virtual enterprise.

Econometric methods for investigating dynamics indicators of the resource intensity in the domestic economy (tools and statistical results)

The present paper is a continuation of [1], where theoretical and methodological issues concerning the construction of time series of indicators of the utilization of capital, labor, and material resources (or inverse indicators of resource intensity) were considered. The indicators were differentiated by the so-called “new” and “old” (previously created) elements of the productive apparatus. In the present paper, first of all, the issues concerning the implementation of the econometric methods formulated in [1] and their application to historical statistical data on output dynamics and utilization of productive resources, fixed capital, labor, and volumes of material costs in various sectors (types of economic activities) of the domestic economy are presented. Second, the mathematical apparatus developed in [1] is applied for evaluating the retrospective indicators of utilization of individual types of material resources. In other words, to put it in terms of the former Soviet or the present domestic statistics, the construction of accounting indicators of balance sheets of material resources in physical terms (using econometric methods) is discussed.

PENGEMBANGAN METODE LEAN MANUFACTURE UNTUK INVESTIGASI PROSES PRODUKSI HC (HARD COVER) FOLIO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VALUE STREAM MAPPING

A paper company produces many kind of papers where notebooks are its main products. The production approach is make to order. At the completion of the production processes indicates delays due to long lead times. Long lead time of production reduces the company's flexibility and speed of response to customers. The company should shorten the lead time. Shortening lead time, the speed customer response will be faster, the productivity will be increasing and utilization of production resources will more effective. This study propose the use of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) method to overcome it. VSM will identify wastes that can be eliminated, so the company can reduce production costs, meet customer demand, and also increase the company's revenue and market share. The observation identifies wastes in the HC Folio production processes, such as waiting, transportation and unnecessary inventory. Based on the significant wastes, it proposes some improvements to repair the transportation and waiting wastes. To handle work in process parts, the study recommends to implement of rails and trains. It will reduce production time that decreases from 66,828 hours 49 minutes 48 seconds to 30,938 hour 56 minutes 24 seconds.

Efficient utilization of production resources in the use phase of multi-technology machine tools

This paper demonstrates an approach to increase operation efficiency of multi-technology machine tools (MTMTs). After discussing the advantages and disadvantages of MTMT designs in general the necessity of simultaneous processing, in order to be competitive in terms of machine hour rates, is derived. Based on the MTMT being built in the Cluster of Excellence at RWTH University the consequences of multiple workspaces for the efficient use of production resources and their influences on overall production times are discussed. Mechanical and thermal effects between the workspaces as well as the complexity of programming multiple processes are discussed with respect to different products and their process chains.

A multi‐objective customer orders assignment and resource leveling in make‐to‐order manufacturing

AbstractThis paper presents integer programming formulations and compares two approaches – weighting and lexicographic – to the multi‐objective, long‐term production scheduling in make‐to‐order manufacturing, where both maximization of customer service level and best utilization of production resources are integrated in the objective function. The problem objective is to assign customer orders for various product types and with various due dates to planning periods and to select machines for assignment in every period to complete all the orders with minimum numbers of tardy and early orders and with a leveled machine assignment over a planning horizon. The two approaches are applied to optimize long‐term production schedules in a flexible flowshop with parallel machines. Numerical examples modeled after a real‐world flexible assembly line in the electronics industry are provided and some computational results are reported.

Strategic process flexibility under lifecycle demand

The better utilization of production resources has been a concern in the automotive industry over decades. Though costly itself, increasing process flexibility across the entire production network is seen as a particularly efficient approach for managing the mismatch between available production capacities and time-varying product demands. On the demand side model-based support for flexibility strategies has mainly been derived from improved absorption of instabilities brought about by demand uncertainty. In this paper we include a second source of demand dynamics, namely fluctuating demand along the product lifecycles, which has a non-negligible impact on both strategic planning and evaluation of flexibility in a production network. Built on a stochastic programming approach and numerical studies, our analysis suggests that the benefits of flexible configurations might be substantially misjudged if product lifecycles are not considered. Specifically, the benefit of a (semi-)flexible configuration hinges critically on the lifecycle phase of the different products manufactured in the network. However, our results also indicate that prominent flexibility strategies like chaining plants remain robust even when lifecycles are included in the analysis.

Estimates of Labor Productivity of Economic Damages Experts

Abstract No abstract available.

AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR FRESHWATER FISH-FARMING INDUSTRY

This paper deals with a technical description of an expert system for the freshwater fish-farming industry. The expert system is connected with on-site measurement equipment and by means of expert control rules supervises and controls the fish production process. Additional features such as server-clients communication via the Internet and an ability to extend a rule-base with new expert knowledge makes development of expert systems for any number of fish farms possible. Access via Internet enables better supervision, planning and better utilization of production resources, which results in turn with increased quality of fish, increased fish growth and bigger profits.

Improving the performances of part dispatching based on multiple process plans using graph theory

An intrinsic characteristic for manufacturing a part is the existence of diverse processing routes. In this paper, we deal with the improvement of part dispatching performance based on the availability of multiple process plans of a machined part. Procedures to represent multiple process plans with a graphic representation are developed so as to facilitate the utilization of process plans. We propose a simulation model to test the impacts of multiple process plans on the performances of real time scheduling. The study shows that by applying the simulation model to multiple processes in the manufacturing of machined parts, the flexibility of the manufacturing system can be increased; the total production flow time can be reduced; and the efficient utilization of production resources is improved.

Money Demand in Open Economies: Alternative Specifications

Gross national product, net national product and national income include the value of domestically produced goods and services, including exports, and exclude the value of analogous imported goods and services. For purposes of measuring economic welfare or utilization of productive resources, this practice is not controversial. However, these aggregates also serve, almost universally, as scale variables in estimates of the demand for money. In this role it is less clear that they should be superior to alternative aggregates which exclude exports and include imports or include both exports and imports. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relative usefulness of these latter aggregates and the more common production aggregates in this regard. Specifically, we use data from 16 relatively developed countries to estimate alternative velocity equations for gross national product and, on the other extreme, gross national expenditures (GNP + imports exports). Despite the similarity of these alternative series, the estimated interest and scale variable elasticities are substantially and systematically different. The nature of the differences is consistent with theoretical predictions regarding economies for which gross national expenditure is the appropriate scale variable in the demand for money. Summary goodness-of-fit measures indicate that gross national expenditure is at least as useful as GNP for tracking movements in money holdings. For instance, gross national expenditure provides a more stable (predictable) velocity of money in the large majority of

The Effectiveness of Production In Bourgeois Literature

In connection with the urgency that has been acquired by the problem of increasing the effectiveness of social production in our country, formulating the question of the rational utilization of production resources in bourgeois economic science presents great interest. The problem of effectiveness of production in the developed capitalist countries is studied with respect to all levels of the economy and in various directions. Mathematical methods in theoretical and practical research on problems of economic growth and its optimization are quite extensively employed, systems analysis is conducted, an inter-branch balance with elements of optimization and econometric models are elaborated, and indices of the partial and aggregate effectiveness of resource utilization are constructed. Determination of the essence of economic effectiveness, the formulation of the criterion of economic effectiveness reflecting the goal of capitalist production, and the elaboration of the corresponding index (in practical calc...