Utilization Of Plastic Waste Research Articles

Statistical analysis of low-density and high-density polyethylene modified asphalt mixes using the response surface method

The common use of plastics in daily life has engendered gigantic amounts of waste plastics, which have a detrimental influence on the environment. Researchers have proposed several strategies for the recycling of waste plastics and their products. Among these, one strategy is to use them in the construction industry, particularly in asphaltic pavements. This study thus focused on the utilization of waste plastics, specifically Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), as an additive in Asphalt Concrete (AC) mixes. Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), Flow Time (FT), and Dynamic Modulus (DM) tests were used to investigate the moisture damage, permanent deformation, fatigue performance, and DM of the LDPE and HDPE modified AC mixes. According to the laboratory test results, the LDPE and HDPE modified AC mixes offer more resistance to moisture damage compared to the Control AC mixes. It was also concluded that asphalt mixes modified with the LDPE and HDPE attained 2.07 times and 1.26 times superior resistance to permanent deformation than the Control mixes. Furthermore, the LDPE and HDPE modified AC mixes outperformed the DM values of the Control mixes by 2.06 times and 1.41 times, respectively. In addition, it was determined that the LDPE and HDPE modified AC mixes exhibit 1.72 times and 1.39 times greater fatigue parameter values than their counterpart, suggesting superior fatigue resistance performance. The statistical models developed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) revealed the highest values of the Coefficient of Determination (>0.80), adequate precision (>4.0), and lack-of-fit tests, indicating the model’s adequacy for predicting the response.

Pengelolaan dan Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik dengan Menggunakan Prinsip 3R di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah NU Sumput

Plastic waste management in educational environments is a significant challenge, especially in efforts to maintain environmental cleanliness and sustainability. This study aims to apply the 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in the management and utilization of plastic waste at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah NU Sumput. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study explores various strategies carried out by the madrasah in reducing plastic use, recycling plastic waste, and reusing plastic in daily activities. The results of the study indicate that the application of the 3R principle at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah NU Sumput has succeeded in significantly reducing the amount of plastic waste, increasing environmental awareness among students, and having a positive impact on the surrounding environment. This study concludes that the application of the 3R principle in plastic waste management in the school environment can be an effective model in supporting the educational environment and desires.

Effect of interaction between different plastics and polyvinyl chloride on the chlorine transformation behavior in volatiles during low-temperature pyrolysis

To reduce the pollution during the pyrolysis recovery of chlorine-containing plastic waste from different sources, effects of the interaction between different plastics and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on the transformation of chlorine at low temperature were investigated by thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) and fixed-bed pyrolysis experiments. Results showed that the proportions of chlorine in chars were all <0.04 %, indicating that almost all chlorine was released after pyrolysis. However, the chlorine forms in volatiles were significantly changed with mixing different plastics. HCl production was significantly inhibited due to the addition of other plastics, while the organic chlorinated compounds (OCCs) formation was promoted, which increased the distribution of chlorine in liquid products. During PVC pyrolysis, chlorine was mainly distributed in gas (93.09 %) in the form of HCl, only a small amount of aliphatic chlorides were generated and distributed in liquid (6.89 %). After the addition of polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the chlorine distribution in liquid increased to 8.86 %, 11.98 % and 25.99 %, respectively. The formation of OCCs was significantly affected by the difference in thermochemical reaction characteristics of plastics. Specifically, the production of aromatic chlorides was promoted by PS, while the generation of aliphatic chlorides and aromatic chloroesters was significantly promoted by PE and PET, respectively. Therefore, the release form of chlorine could be significantly altered by the interaction between PVC and other waste plastics, which provides a reference for the regulation of chlorine-containing pollutants in the recovery and utilization of plastic waste.

Performance of Modified Polymer as a Binder with Qarry Dust and Ballast in the Production of Paving Blocks

The city of Nairobi is in need of pedestrian and cyclist infrastructure as an answer to an increasing reliance on automobiles. Collaborative efforts are underway to reduce congestion, although challenges such as sand mining persist. The utilization of plastic waste and Quarry Dust (QD) may provide a sustainable solution. The proposed study aims to assess the mechanical properties and optimal blend design for the production of paving blocks using a modified polymer and a combination of ballast (B) and QD. The gradation curve constituted a pivotal stage in the research process, as it provided vital information regarding the ratio of B and QD required for the optimal mix design. The study methodically explored the optimal ratio of materials for the production of paving blocks incorporating a modified polymer, QD, and B. It was observed that there were minor reductions in strength under acidic conditions, which suggests that the proposed paving blocks may be suitable for use in a variety of outdoor applications. Additionally, it would be advantageous to investigate innovative solutions for Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) infrastructure.

Assistance in Utilization of Plastic Waste through Eco-Paving Blocks at Adiwiyata Elementary School, Demak Regency

Plastic waste is the main problem of environmental pollution at SDN Gebang 1, an Adiwiyata school in Demak Regency. Piles of plastic waste need to be appropriately managed because they need to create a better impression of the vision and mission of the Adiwiyata School. Another problem was seen during the rainy season when plastic waste blocked the water flow. SDN Gebang 1 experienced flooding until the water entered the classrooms. One of the efforts made by the school is through collaboration with OISCA to make it a green school. However, schools still need help with waste handling in the school area. The program aims to utilize waste through Eco-Paving Blocks. The community service method includes five stages: socialization, training, application of technology, mentoring, and monitoring. The activities obtained results from using plastic waste in the elementary school environment, which was 100% because partners agreed that plastic waste must be managed well. Applying the TTG Eco-Paving Block tool is easy to use, with results of 85.25%. The successful implementation of the activity received a score of 90.50%. Partners can utilize 87.50% of plastic waste through the TTG Eco-Paving Block tool. The implementation of practical activities by teachers obtained results of 92.25%. Thus, teachers need assistance utilizing plastic waste through the TTG Eco-Paving Block tool, which helps reduce plastic waste at SDN Gebang 1.

Analysis of the Use of Waste Plastics Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) along with Bitumen in the Construction of Asphalt Pavement using the Marshall Test

Plastic disposal is a significant problem as it is non-biodegradable and causes air pollution if burned. The utilization of waste plastics in road construction has gained attention due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development of infrastructure. This research investigates the performance waste plastics, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and, in the asphalt road along with the bitumen based on the Marshall Stability Test. The Optimum bitumen content (OBC) is found to be 5.2%. Different concentrations of LDPE (8% and 10% by weight of bitumen) were used. The use of LDPE on the asphalt pavement has Marshall Stability and Marshall flow values in the usable range as specified in the specification criteria of the Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW). Also, the use of waste plastics in the pavement reduces the cost and helps to promote an environmentally friendly approach to infrastructure development.

A Review on Utilization of Plastic Waste as Aggregate in Construction Materials

In a construction material in a modern construction if we look the major component includes concrete and steel reinforcement. However, in recent studies it showed the replacement of steel bars by the different material like bamboo etc. and in concrete there is fiber, red mud and fly ash is been deployed as the replacement for the binding material say cement.In today’s scenario the utilization of plastic in day-to-day life is showed the substantial growth but the associated problem with the plastic is their environmental impact as they cannot get easily decomposed. So, if we utilize this plastic waste in a construction works as a construction materialmay lead to the significant reduction in its waste foot print. In recent literature, significant strides have been made in the development of concrete mixtures that integrate plastic waste as a partial substitute for traditional aggregates during the concrete manufacturing process. Some recent studies show that it can be used construction industry due to some of its properties like inert behaviour, resistance to degradation etc. Also, use of waste plastic can help in reducing plastic waste. This emerging trend reflects a broader commitment to sustainability, aiming to mitigate plastic pollution while fostering environmentally conscious construction practices.

Effects of CaCO3/MgO on Fe-Co-Mo catalyst in the reprocessing of recycled polypropylene to carbon nanotubes

In recent times, there has been a global discourse on the menace of plastic waste (PW) materials on the ecosystem and ways for effective management of PW. This has resulted in the utilization of PW in the research arena in the synthesis of smart nanomaterials of high value as a sustainable solution. In this study, the catalytic-pyrolysis procedure was used to develop carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from recycled polypropylene (PP) plastic in a one-step chemical vapour deposition (CVD) reactor. The impacts of CaCO3 and MgO as supports for Fe-Co-Mo catalysts in the production of CNTs were studied. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined from the thermal profile of the catalysts to establish the nature of the reaction in CNTs synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), selected area electron diffraction pattern, particle size distribution (PSD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the catalysts and CNTs. The results obtained showed the impact of the supports on the yield, quality, and morphology of the synthesized CNTs. The CNTs yield from catalysts supported with CaCO3 and MgO were 35.12 % and 37.24% respectively. The average outer diameters of CNTs produced over the catalyst with CaCO3 and MgO supports were 36 and 29 nm respectively. The ID/IG ratio for CaCO3 and MgO supports were 0.6724 and 0.8401 respectively. The change in entropy for all phases were −274.41 and −1032.97 J/mol/K and −213.0, −318.48 and −1022.13 J/mol/K for CaCO3 and MgO supported catalyst respectively which confirmed non-spontaneous endothermic reaction. It was observed that MgO support showed better catalytic activity toward CNTs growth in terms of yield while those with CaCO3 support showed higher graphitization.

Utilization of Plastic Waste in Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Pavements

Utilization of Plastic Waste in Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Pavements

Analysis of the impact of plastic utilization technology in a blast furnace on technical and economic indicators and carbon dioxide emissions

Taking into account global trends in reducing the impact of anthropogenic factors on nature, namely the utilization of plastic waste and decarbonization of industrial facilities, the article studies the impact of the use of plastic in a blast furnace, as the most energy-intensive unit in the steel production cycle, on the technical and economic indicators of blast furnace melt and CO2 emissions from the blast furnace based on the heat balance. It was found that the use of plastic in a blast furnace will allow solving the issue of its utilization with the least environmental impact. The quantitative impact of plastic use on furnace performance, coke consumption, and CO2 emissions was determined. The coefficient of coke replacement by different types of plastic when used in a blast furnace was determined.

Plastic roads: asphalt mix design and performance

Plastic materials are extensively utilized in various aspects of daily life. However, the substantial amount of plastic waste generated can cause significant global environmental issues without efficient waste management practices. To address this problem, the utilization of waste plastics in high-value applications such as highway construction through hot mix asphalt (HMA) has been deemed ideal. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) are the three most prevalent types of plastic waste found in municipal solid waste. The impact of plastic-type and content on the mechanical, volumetric, and durability properties of hot mixed asphalt (HMA) was investigated by utilizing varying plastic contents of PET, LDPE, and HDPE. Tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM standards on twelve HMA mixtures made with an optimal binder content (OBC) of 4.3%, and plastic contents of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by weight of OBC. Marshall stability and flow tests were conducted to ascertain the optimal plastic content for each tested mixture. The findings indicated that the stability and flow values improved as the plastic content was raised. 9% LDPE mix gave a maximum Marshal stability value of 12 kN. Additionally, as the plastic content increased, the values for air voids and voids filled with asphalt decreased in all 12 mixes tested. This research aligns with the United Nations 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs), including SDGs 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, and presents a viable method for implementing the 3Rs approach towards sustainable plastic waste management.

Electrostatic Self‐Assembly Heterostructured MXenes/ Wasted PET‐Derived Carbon for Superior Capacitive Energy Storage

AbstractCarbon materials have become a focal point in supercapacitors (SCs) due to their perfect charge–discharge behavior, relatively low cost, and excellent electrochemical stability, but the limited electrochemical activity restricts their further development. MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) combine high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and abundance surface functional groups, which contribute to high energy density when compounded with carbon materials. In this work, carbon material derived from mineral water bottles is modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) that spontaneously forms into porous heterogeneous structures with Ti3C2Tx under electrostatic interactions. The carbon material hinders the reaggregation of Ti3C2Tx, while Ti3C2Tx increases the electrochemical activity on the surface of the carbon material. A hierarchical porous carbon with a large specific surface area of 1754.3 m2 g−1, promoting the electrolyte migration kinetics and high specific capacitance in 6 m KOH electrolyte (404.1 F g−1 at 1 A g−1). The symmetric SC made as‐prepared carbon electrode shows an extended voltage window (1.8 V), an optimal energy density (31.19 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 450 W kg−1) and a low capacitance decay (1% after 15 000 cycles) in 1.5 m Na2SO4. The preparation of electrode material with a unique structure provides a practical and innovative strategy for the value‐added utilization of waste plastics.

Menumbuhkan Budaya Hidup Bersih Siswa dengan Memanfaatkan Media Ecobrick di Sekolah Dasar

Ecobrick is one of the creative ways to manage plastic waste and turn it into useful objects, reducing pollution and toxins caused by plastic waste. The function of ecobrick is not to destroy plastic waste, but to extend the life of the plastics and process them into something useful, which can be used for the benefit of people in general. Ecobrick is a waste management technique made from used plastic bottles filled with clean plastic waste until full, then compacted until it becomes hard. After the bottles are full and hard, they can be assembled with glue. These assembled bottles can be turned into tables, simple chairs, building materials for walls, towers, small stages, and even potentially assembled into fences and foundations for simple playgrounds. The utilization of plastic waste at SDN Kondangjaya III is through the making of ecobricks. This activity is due to problems related to plastic waste, such as the abundance of waste in the school environment that has not been utilized, the presence of a specific plastic bottle waste bin in the school environment that is not being utilized, and the lack of understanding and knowledge in waste management to be utilized into something useful. From these various problems, it can be concluded that many elementary school students have not learned to recycle waste. The methods used are observation, demonstration, and direct practice in making ecobricks. The result of this activity is an increase in knowledge and understanding about the utilization of plastic waste and an improvement in the skills and creativity of students in managing plastic waste into useful objects.

Utilization of Plastic Waste as a Partially Replacement of Course Aggregate in Concrete

Utilization of Plastic Waste as a Partially Replacement of Course Aggregate in Concrete

Utilization of Plastic Waste in Reinforcing Sandy Soil for Sustainable Engineering Applications

Large quantities of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic are discarded into the environment during production, application, and disposal. Although current clean-up strategies aim to mitigate the adverse impacts of PET pollution, efforts struggle to keep up with the escalating amount of PET waste. This accumulation of PET waste poses significant threats to ecosystems worldwide. One recycling method for PET plastic waste involves its utilization in soil reinforcement applications within civil engineering. By incorporating PET plastic waste to reinforce poor-quality sands, sustainable construction practices can be promoted in civil engineering infrastructures, addressing multiple aspects of sustainability, including engineering, economic, social, and environmental considerations. The experimental work conducted in this research involved sieve analysis, proctor compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, and direct shear box test. The sand was reinforced with varying percentages of PET plastic waste flakes, namely 5, 10, and 15 %, with respect to the weight of the soil sample taken for the test, and laboratory tests were performed on the samples. Including PET plastic flakes enhanced various soil properties, such as shear strength and friction angle. It also improved the CBR value of the composite, making it suitable for pavement construction. The reduction in dry density further supports the application of the composite in lightweight structures. In conclusion, the geotechnical material obtained from the soil-PET plastic waste composite can be utilized in various geotechnical projects, including landfills and slope stabilization.

Utilization of Plastic Waste in Reinforcing Sandy Soil for Sustainable Engineering Applications

Utilization of Plastic Waste in Reinforcing Sandy Soil for Sustainable Engineering Applications

The Effect of STEAM Project-Based Learning Approach Towards Student Learning Motivation: Utilization of Plastic Waste with Ecobricks Technique

The Effect of STEAM Project-Based Learning Approach Towards Student Learning Motivation: Utilization of Plastic Waste with Ecobricks Technique

The Role Of Waste Banks In Empowering Plastic Waste Into Economically Valuable Upcycled Handicraft Products

Sustainable waste management needs serious attention, starting from the concern about people's habits of carelessly disposing of household waste, leading to a dirty and slum environment. If this problem is not addressed, it will become a serious problem that will certainly disrupt people's lives. Facing this situation, the community proactively formed a task force to creatively deal with waste, starting from the utilization of plastic waste that accumulated in the community. This research aims to find out the implementation of plastic waste management with recycling techniques in Bank Sampah Wares, located at Widosari No. 21, RT 03, RW 04 Tegalrejo, Salatiga. This study used a qualitative field research approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature studies to explore data and understand waste disposal stakeholders, and their participation to help solve waste problems. The results showed that along with the development of science and technology, the Bank Sampah Wares community implemented a plastic waste processing process using recycling techniques by developing plastic waste into unique and modern handmade products. The handmade product can then be utilized to increase economic value. Besides that, the waste processing site can also be used as a place to foster creativity without requiring high costs by utilizing processed plastic into creative products. This research should be conducted to show that waste bank goods have a strategic role in educating changes in the behavior of residents of the environment in utilizing of waste.

Valorization of Plastic Wastes for the Development of Adsorbent Designed for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater

Plastic waste accrual in the environment has been identified as the topmost significant global issue related to modern civilization. Traditional waste disposal methods, such as open burning, landfilling, and incineration, have increased greenhouse gas emissions in economic and material losses. Unless immediate action is made to curtail demand, prolong product lifespans, enhance waste management, and encourage recyclability, plastic pollution will increase due to an almost threefold increase in plastic use spurred by growing populations and affluence. Plastic production primarily is from crude oil or gas despite more than a fourfold growth from ~6.8 million tonnes in 2000 to ~30 million tonnes in 2019; only ~6% of the world’s total plastics production is made from recycled plastics. The competitiveness and profitability of secondary markets may increase with the establishment of recycled content objectives and advancements in recycling technology. In this review, emerging approaches and the creation of value-added materials from waste plastics such as carbon nanotubes and other carbonaceous nanomaterials production, the environmental impacts of plastic waste, African status concerning plastic waste, the importance of modern techniques in plastic waste management, and the circular economy impact on plastic waste utilization are the high points of this study.

Mechanical behavior analysis of polypropylene composites with waste PET felt fibers

AbstractThe utilization of plastic waste is another way to protect the ecology and reduce plastic pollution, which researchers and industries have been effectively focusing on for the last decade. Polyethylene terephthalate felt (PETf) is a packaging material abundantly utilized in the automotive sector and is released as waste, and its popularity as an industrial waste necessitates attention to proper disposal. Therefore, the current study utilized waste PETf as a reinforcement (5–15 wt%) for a polypropylene (PP) matrix using various molding approaches, in light of the higher aspect ratio of the fibers. In the first approach, the fibers were extracted from PETf through a mechanical process, and various percentages of PET felt fibers (PETff) were extruded with PP pellets, followed by injection molding. Second, PETf was directly laid on a PP sheet and processed by compression molding. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, and morphological and spectral properties of the fabricated composites were evaluated. Morphological and spectral analyses explain the distribution and interaction of the fibers in the PP matrix. The 10%PETff enhanced the tensile strength and modulus of PP by 37.3% and 52.15%, respectively. Conversely, the 1.5% malic anhydride‐g‐PP (MAPP)‐PP/PETf composites showed similar tensile behavior, with values of approximately 41.53 MPa and 1.6 GPa. In addition, the tensile strength significantly increased by 35.75% with the addition of MAPP. Overall, the current study demonstrates a well‐structured research design that effectively employs waste PETf as reinforcement for PP composites. The mechanical strength of these composites makes them highly versatile and renders them suitable for a wide range of applications, from automotive packaging to the manufacturing of high‐performance automotive components.Highlights Utilized waste PET as reinforcement for manufacturing of PP composite. PET and PP interacted in a self‐reinforcing manner. Injection and compression molding techniques used for PET/PP composites. Repurposing waste PET by compression molding is eco‐friendly practices. PET fibers significantly improved mechanical properties of PP composites.