Utilization Of Natural Fibers Research Articles

A facile strategy for preparing of cross‐linkable natural fibers based on a Schiff base reaction

AbstractThe exploitation and utilization of natural fibers still face many challenges due to their high crystallinity and extensive hydrogen bond network. Therefore, sustainable and effective modification strategies are currently essential. In this work, we investigate the processing and mechanical performances of natural fibers modified by combining sodium periodate oxidation and subsequent Schiff base reaction. Steam‐exploded hemp fibers (HFs) were firstly oxidized with sodium periodate, and subsequently grafted with 1,10‐diaminodecane. A decrease in the glass transition temperature of oxidized‐aminated HFs (OAHFs) from 225 to 150°C was achieved as the dosage of periodate increased. Admirable mechanical properties were achieved despite a lower dosage of periodate due to melt bonding and chemical cross‐linking between the fibers during heat processing. Particularly, dynamic compression molding was applied to heat processes and effectively improved the melt bonding and the chemical crosslinking, which increased flexural strength from 58.2 to 69.9 MPa. This strategy was moderate and low cost. The resulted material has good processing performance and excellent mechanical properties, which have large industrial application prospects and potential in the field of biodegradable environment‐friendly materials.

Bo-derived waste neem to enriching reinforced hybrid composite for environmental remediation

The utilization of natural fibres often entails a lesser environmental impact when compared to synthetic fibres. Biodegradable natural fibres minimize waste and pollution, and promote sustainability, but their weaker bonds limit their resilience. These issues can be addressed by customizing the composite's mechanical properties with natural and synthetic fibres. In this study, hybrid composites were created using the hand layup method with a novel dissimilar layer arrangement of neem (N), sisal (S), and glass (G) fibre and analyze its mechanical and thermal properties. Experimental observation shows that the GN composite had a higher maximum ultimate tensile strength of 26 N/mm2 than the GS, GNS, and GSN composites. The GN composite had a percentage elongation of 6.33%, similar to the percentage elongation of the GS composite (6.833%), and it also had a higher ultimate shear strength of 50 MPa. The composite GS absorbed 6.6 J energy, higher than the composites GN, GNS, and GNS, which absorbed 6.1 J, 4.5 J, and 4.5 J, respectively. The fractured surface's SEM images were obtained and analyzed for failure. The results demonstrated that the hybridization was effective, and better properties can be obtained by combining neem, sisal, and glass fiber, and it can be used for other requirements, including strength, weight, cost, and ecological impact.

Effect of weight percentage on physical and mechanical properties of coconut shell reinforced polymer composite

The utilization of natural fibers in composites has been increasing and developed to save the environment by using biodegradable materials. Synthetic fiber has many disadvantages than natural fiber such as lower mechanical properties, high cost, and higher environmental risk. Therefore, this study aims to develop natural fiber composites that are reinforced with coconut shell waste and study the effect of weight percentage (wt%) on their physical and mechanical properties. Testing samples were produced from coconut shell reinforced and polyester resin matrix. Coconut shell powder with a particle size of 500 μm and below is randomly distributed into polyster resin matrix. The coconut shell wt% varies from 10% to 30%. The physical and mechanical properties of the composite are determined by collecting data from the density test, hardness test, and tensile test performed based on ASTM standards. The finding results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of coconut shell reinforced polymer composite are influenced significantly by the wt% of coconut shell. The maximum tensile strength was achieved at 15% wt% of the coconut shell.

Porous asphalt mixtures enriched with bamboo fibers as a new approach for future sustainable construction

Porous Asphalt (PA) is a highly permeable asphalt surface used to create and maintain permeable pavements for storm water management and runoff reduction. Under the impacts of repetitive vehicle loads, warm weather, and heavily rainfall, the structure was vulnerable to deterioration from cracking, rutting, stripping, and quick ageing. This research aims to examine the role of bamboo fiber in improving the physical and mechanical properties and overcome the issue related to PA. Among the tests involve are Cantabro loss, permeability, binder draindown, stability and resilient modulus. Two types of PA gradation involved with four different proportion of bamboo fiber (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%). From the findings, it could be conducted that the existence of bamboo fiber can significantly improve the PA performance for both gradations. From this study, the utilization of natural fiber as an additive is also promoted and provide significant contribution to the exploration to alternative pavement material.

Investigation into the mechanical characteristics of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Effects of flax and e-glass reinforcement and stacking configuration

Glass fibers are commonly used to reinforce polymer composites due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, their production is expensive and environmentally unfriendly. To tackle these concerns, researchers are exploring natural fibers as a substitute reinforcement material for polymer composites. These natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites are lightweight, possess a high strength-to-weight ratio, and are biodegradable, making them attractive for a wide range of applications such as automotive, marine, oil, consumer goods, sporting goods, and biomedical fields. In this study, the hybrid effects of using flax and E-glass as reinforcement in epoxy, as well as the stacking configuration of flax/E-glass, on the mechanical properties of the polymer composites were investigated. Laminates with different fiber loadings were created using hand layup vacuum bagging and then subjected to tensile testing following ASTM standards. Statistical analysis tools such as interval graphs, contour plots, surface plots, probability plot, and Pareto chart were employed to assess the impact of the fiber and other parameters. Regression analysis was conducted to develop an empirical equation with a 95 percent confidence limit for all intervals. The results indicated that the properties of the polymer composites exhibited slight improvement from pure epoxy to flax/epoxy composites, significant improvement with E-Glass/epoxy composites, and slight decrease with hybridization. Nevertheless, the hybrid composite still demonstrated much higher tensile strength compared to the pure and flax/epoxy composites. The stacking configuration with treated flax as the core and E-Glass as the skin layer resulted in a tensile strength of 164.23 MPa, surpassing that of flax/epoxy and pure epoxy composites. In conclusion, for medium load structural applications, flax/E-glass/reinforced epoxy composites are recommended through hybridization. The utilization of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites presents a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to glass fibers, while still providing the necessary mechanical properties for various applications.

A Review on the Utilization of Natural Fibers in Bituminous Concrete

A Review on the Utilization of Natural Fibers in Bituminous Concrete

ANALISIS PENGARUH ALKALISASI NaOH TERHADAP SERAT NANAS SEBAGAI PENGUATAN BIO KOMPOSIT

This research focuses on the utilization of natural fibers as a reinforced composite material from pineapple leaf fiber with concentrations of Alkali NaOH 5%, 10%, 15% using a polyester resin matrix. In this study, the experimental design uses the printing method, which aims to design experiments to analyze experimental data, and is also used to determine the minimum number of experiments obtained and provide information on factors that affect parameters. The experiments were carried out through 1) Composite manufacturing method, 2) NaOH liquid preparation, 3) Tensile test method, 3) FTIR test method, 4) Fiber molding. The results of the research using FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infared Spectroscopy) test data can be evaluated into specific functional groups found in each branch of the Pineapple Leaf fiber, respectively, namely fiber with 5%, 10%, 15% NaOH treatment. The results showed that the specimen with 50% treatment, where the tensile strength value was 129 N/mm2 and the maximum load was 19.85 N, and the elongation in the area of the highest tensile test load was obtained in specimen 2, namely 10% treatment with a value of 3.29 mm so that there was the influence of the fiber strength value received on the treatment of NaOH compounds, if the NaOH compound is less then it has a little effect on the pineapple leaf fiber, while the more NaOH compound has the better received effect with a high percentage yield.

Study of chemically treated natural plant fibers in soil reinforcement technology: A review

Soil reinforcement technology is a technique for improving the engineering properties of poor soils by employing a variety of techniques, including physical, chemical, and mechanical methods the latter of which is gaining popularity. In order to stabilise the soil, naturally occurring fibers have been employed. There are many advantages of natural fibers over synthetic fibers except some disadvantages like moisture absorption and biodegradability which can be significantly reduced by various pre-treatment techniques. These pre-treatment techniques reduce the hydrophilic nature and biodegradability of natural fibers which ultimately causes better bonding and strength to the fiber-soil matrix. In this study, various treatment methods of natural fibers and the utilization of natural fibers in different types of soil are discussed in detail according to various previous literatures. Effectiveness of different type of chemical treatment is reviewed and presented in this study in suitable places. Impact of mixing treated fiber with the soil is it’s wider scope which needs to be explored in upcoming studies related to treated natural fiber.

Use of Eco-Friendly Materials in the Stabilization of Expansive Soils

Volume change of expansive soils is a challenging issue, which affects various engineering structures all over the world. Consequently, we need environmentally-friendly and cost-effective soil stabilizers to address the challenges related to expansive soils. The utilization of natural fibers allows for the reduction in environmental impact since they are renewable and biodegradable raw materials. Moreover, the current article presents an experimental approach to study the effect of natural fibers on the mechanical behavior of expansive soils. Various experimental tests—such as Atterberg limits, standard compaction, direct shear, swelling potential, and swelling pressure—were conducted on control and treated soil samples using different percentages of fibers. The results of measurements of the physico-mechanical properties after reinforcement of the soil with 1%, 5%, and 10% of natural fibers indicate that the mechanical behavior of expansive soils is greatly influenced by the addition of natural fibers. To conclude, 86% reduction was observed in the swelling coefficient of treated soil. Future research can be done to check the durability of the current practice in detail.

Behaviour Analysis of Strengthened-RC Beam with Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer (NFRP) based on Abaca Fiber by Using Finite Element Method

The use of synthetic Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as a composite material is an alternative material that has been widely used for strengthening and repairing reinforced concrete structures. However, the high price is one of the obstacles in applying synthetic FRP materials in developing countries such as Indonesia. Utilization of natural fiber as a Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer (NFRP) composite material is an alternative, especially in shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. Because it has good tensile strength and also is environmentally friendly. Technological developments in the field of computing make modelling various aspects easier. One of them is modelling reinforced concrete (RC) beams. ATENA V534 is a software that can be used for finite element-based modelling. Therefore, in this study, the ATENA V534 software was used to evaluate the results of research and testing behaviour of reinforced concrete beams from the previous studies about strengthened beam for shear by using NFRP. Behaviour that is evaluated in the form of load and deflection, the pattern of cracks and failure, and stress and strain of reinforcements. The numerical results obtained in ATENA V534 showed in a good agreement with experimental results.

STUDI PERILAKU LEKATAN ANTARA BETON DAN NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER (NFRP) DENGAN UJI LEKATAN GESER

Reinforcement and repair of reinforced concrete structures using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have been widely used. However, the high price is one of the obstacles to applying it. Utilization of natural fiber as a Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer (NFRP) composite material is an alternative because, in addition to its abundant availability in nature, natural fiber also has low specific gravity, is environmentally friendly, and has a more economical production cost. In this study, natural fibers were used as a substitute for synthetic polymer fibers for strengthening and repairing reinforced concrete structures. This study aims to determine the bond strength between concrete and NFRP. The benefit of this research is to provide an overview of the behavior of the bonding strength of NFRP so that it can be applied to the reinforcement and repair of reinforced concrete structures. The bond strength behavior between concrete and NFRP was tested experimentally. The parameters used were the type of natural fiber (abaka, ramie, pineapple, Samia's silk), the type of adhesive (epoxy, polyester, thixotropic epoxy), and the number of layers of fiber. The test object used the form of a beam (100x100x300) mm and has a single reinforcement of 10 mm in the middle of the cross-section. The width of the NFRP is 50 mm with a bond length of 120 mm. Strain gauges are used on NFRP every 50 mm. In addition, strain gauges are also installed on reinforcement and concrete. A result, NFRP bonding can increase the tensile strength capacity of reinforced concrete beams. Bonding of type-b abaca fiber composite with polyester adhesive is the composite that gives the most significant increase in tensile strength capacity. The Beams with three-layer type-b abaka composite bonded with polyester adhesive experienced the highest increase in tensile strength capacity reaching 47.25%. The results of this study indicate the potential of NFRP as a retrofitting method and further research is needed so that it can be applied to reinforced concrete structures.

Untreated and chemically treated Pennisetum orientale grass fiber filled vinyl ester composites: Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties analysis

AbstractThe utilization of natural fibers rather than engineered filaments has turned into a subject of conversation in the composite industries. In this research, one of the natural fibers was synthesized from Pennisetum orientale grass and the surfaces were modified using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) chemically. Then they were used as reinforcement in vinyl ester polymer by different weight percentage (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt%) for fabrication of composites. At different filler loading various mechanical properties were evaluated and discussed. The mechanical properties of the composites were observed to increase at beginning phase with increase in filler content till optimum (25 wt%) fiber loading and from there on declines. The composite at optimum fiber loading were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and compared with untreated composites. The findings give manufactures and engineer a general idea to use this composite for weight reduction especially in automotive applications.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Polyester Laminate Composites

The utilization of natural fibers as reinforcing composites has been widely used. Indonesia has natural fibers abundantly such as ijuk fiber (Arenga pinnata), sisal fiber (Agave Sisalana) and coconut fiber (Cocos Nucifera). Random orientation application of the fiber in composites affected to the lower properties. Therefore, the particular orientation of fibres wereapplied in manufacturing of composite by laminating the short fiber with Polyurethane (PU) adhesive. The size and moisture content (MC) of fiber were 14-15 cm and +10%, respectively. The resin content of PU was 5% by weight of the laminate sheet. The mixture of fibers and PU adhesive was cold pressed for 5 minutes with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm. The laminate sheet of PU-adhesive fibers then mixed with unsaturated polyester resin layer by layer. The fiber laminate composition of composite was varieted such as 1, 2 and 3 layers. The hand layup method was used in the manufacturing of the composite. The physical and mechanical testing like density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, flexural test (adapt to ASTM D 790 standard) and tensile test (adapt to ASTM D 638 standard) were carried out. In additionmorphological analyses were investigated on composite samples. The results research showed that the net density of polyester, ijuk fiber sheet, sisal fiber sheet, and coconut fiber sheet were 1.21, 0.9, 0.53 and 0.22 g/cm3. The range of composite density was 0.99-1.15 g/cm3. The single layer composite had lower thickness swelling and water absorption than those of the three layers composite. The highest tensile strength of three layers of sisal fiber composite was higher (33.84 MPa) than that of the three layers of coconut fiber composite (12.04 MPa). The flexural strength of double layers composite from fiber sisal was higher (63.16 MPa) than that of three layers coconut fiber composite (28.65 MPa).

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Analysis of Salago and Coir Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites

The utilization of natural fibers in composites continues to increase due to their advantages over the synthetic fiber materials especially in terms of environmental impact and costs. One of the techniques that can be used to further enhance the properties of these natural fiber reinforced composites is through fiber hybridization. In this study, salago and coir fibers were reinforced in the epoxy resin to form a new hybrid composite. The salago to coir fiber weight ratios considered in the fiber hybridization were 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3. The performance of these hybrid fiber composites were compared to pure coir fiber composite and salago fiber composite in terms of impact strength, tensile properties and flexural properties. Among the hybrid fiber composites, the fiber weight ratio of 3:1 has the highest tensile strength (33.8 MPa), tensile modulus (3.57 GPa), flexural strength (44.2 MPa) and impact strength (42.3 J/m). It was found out that the addition of coir to this hybrid fiber composite improves the tensile strength by about 21.1 % as compared to the salago fiber composite. On the other hand, the addition of salago fiber to this hybrid fiber composite resulted to a higher tensile modulus (43.4 %) and impact strength (25.5 %) than the coir fiber composite. Moreover, the thermal analysis of the composites revealed a peak degradation temperature at around 370 °C which is associated to the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and epoxy resin.

Natural Fibre-Reinforced Composite for Ballistic Applications: A Review

The need to provide a better and stronger protection against various kinds of ballistic impacts and threats has necessitated the continuous exploration and utilization of high-performance fibres, especially those that are derived from renewable sources for ballistic applications. The development of ballistic protection materials with improved performance and low weight has received much concerns in the past few decades due to the rising cases of threats and insurgencies. Owing to the necessity of improving the ballistic performance of body armour and protective wears especially for military personnel, with a huge consideration for eco-friendly requirement, a review of relevant studies in this area is necessary. Present review article aims to present an overview of the progress and the outstanding advances that have been witnessed in the development of natural-based anti-ballistic composites in the past few years. The article covers the type and selection of the fibre/matrix, failure modes, Impact energy absorption and ballistic simulation of NFRCs. It also highlights the economic cost analysis of replacing synthetic fibres with natural ones in a ballistic composite, and the methods of enhancing the composites for high performance and greater ballistic efficiency. The utilization of natural fibres in PMCs have shown their great potentials as substitutes to the existing advanced fibrous materials that are mostly dominated by synthetic fibres.

Treatment of Natural Fiber for Application in Concrete Pavement

Concrete crack is one of the main problems observed in concrete technology due to drying shrinkage. Incorporating fibers in concrete production is one of the mechanisms implemented to mitigate cracks. Nowadays, investigators concentrate on different techniques to replace human-made fiber with existing natural fibers for fiber-reinforced composite material. Utilization of natural fiber has an initiation for the development of eco-friendly materials by reducing damages caused by human-made materials and saving nonrenewable resources. Natural fibers are readily and abundantly available, sustainable, and biodegradable, with low cost and low density, and have superior specific properties. Nevertheless, there are some limitations of natural fiber compared to human-made fiber. Consequently, significant energy was applied to alter natural fiber’s surface and morphology using physical, chemical, and biological treatment techniques to overcome the limitation. The primary intention of surface treatment is to modify the bond between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix. However, based on this literature review, there were no specific treatment techniques to be followed to select the best one from the others as criteria. It should include all parameters to consider starting from the stage from the cradle to the grave, cost of chemicals, transportation, and labors, including energy consumption and effluent energy. Additionally, their environmental effect also investigated in detail to compare each other.

Hybridization Effect on Crashworthiness Parameters of Natural Composite

The use of metallic materials in automotive industry leads to increasing fuel consumption and cost, so trends are starting to use lighter and cheaper materials. In automotive applications, fibers are used in composites because they are stronger, stiffer, and lighter than bulk materials, and they can achieve higher energy absorbing compared to metallic materials. The purpose of this work is to study the potential utilization of natural fibers in the crash energy absorbing applications. The experimental procedures (the principle of a combination of manual layup and vacuum bladder technique) were applied to search the influence of utilizing jute fiber mat on crashworthiness parameters of composite materials with other kinds of fibers such as woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The study involved corrugated composite tubes with three layers of jute and hybrid glass-jute/epoxy material have been tested in uniaxial quasi-static crush conditions at the speed 10 mm/min. The results exhibit that the tube of jute fiber was somewhat lower than synthetic fibers, but the substitution of one layer of jute fiber with one layer of glass fiber resulted in an improvement in the crashworthiness parameters. As hybrid jute-glass was used, the best result was obtained, where energy absorption and specific energy absorption are improved by 17.75% and 25.122%, respectively.

Mechanical and water absorption properties of Calotropis gigantea plant fibers reinforced polymer composites

Utilization of natural fiber in polymer matrix composite materials for research purposes and industrial applications has witnessed a steady growth during the recent times. Various research works envisaged the benefits of using natural fibers as reinforcements in place of artificial fibers for the manufacturing of composites and hence the current experimental work is focused in utilizing Calotropis gigantea fiber (CGF) as reinforcement for making the composite material. Since the CGF is available in surplus and due to its least vegetation value it has been chosen as reinforcement in the current work. Compression molding method was used to fabricate the composite laminates and they were subjected to water absorption and mechanical property testing such as flexural, tensile and impact testing. From the results, it is found that the CGF composites can withstand the maximum flexural strength of 87.88 MPa, tensile strength of 62.72 MPa, and impact strength of 10.4 kJ/m2. It was observed from the experimental results that water absorption and mechanical characteristics of the CGF reinforced composites were on par with the other natural fiber reinforced composites which were experimented in past literature studies.

Potensi Pemanfaatan Serat Selulosa sebagai Material Bahan Baku dalam Sintesis Filter Udara Non-Woven sesuai Standar TAPPI T 205

Industry 4.0 era materials used by entrepreneurs should be recycled, environmentally friendly, renewable with less chemical content. Indonesia as a tropical country has a large land area with the potential to produce the largest natural fiber in the world. One opportunity that can be applied to the utilization of natural fibers in air filters that currently use dominant materials is synthetic fibers. natural fiber has the advantage because it does not contain toxic chemicals, local raw materials, and is easily produced. This research will analyze the mechanical and morphological characteristics of biological fibers that have great potential as pre-filter raw material. Analysis of mechanical properties through tensile strength testing for single fibers and morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile testing was the results are; palm oil has a tensile strength of 620 MPa; 998 MPa and 213 MPa flax coconut fiber. For the morphological test results from SEM analysis for ramie fiber, it looks solid without fiber holes; The fibers appear to be many small fibers bound to one another while coir fibers have many pore holes in one observed fiber.

Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite.

Current environmental concerns have led to a search of more environmentally friendly manufacturing methods; thus, natural fibers have gained attention in the 3D printing industry to be used as bio-filters along with thermoplastics. The utilization of natural fibers is very convenient as they are easily available, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and biodegradable. Using natural fibers rather than synthetic fibers in the production of the 3D printing filaments will reduce gas emissions associated with the production of the synthetic fibers that would add to the current pollution problem. As a matter of fact, natural fibers have a reinforcing effect on plastics. This review analyzes how the properties of the different polymers vary when natural fibers processed to produce filaments for 3D Printing are added. The results of using natural fibers for 3D Printing are presented in this study and appeared to be satisfactory, while a few studies have reported some issues.