Utilization Of Molasses Research Articles

Antimicrobial activity of extracellular liquid obtained from molasses fermentation by Nocardia sp strain V1

Molasses is one of agricultural wastes that could be utilized as a substrate for microbial fermentation. The utilization of molasses as a fermentation medium is expected to increase its added value. In this study, molasses served as a carbon source for bolstering the growth and the production of extracellular liquid having antimicrobial activity produced by Nocardia sp strain V1. The six types of fermentation media containing three carbon sources namely molasses, molasses-starch, and molasses-glucose were prepared; wherein molasses used were the ones with and without the pre-treatment using K4Fe(CN)6.3H2O. This chemical was used to precipitate heavy metals and other substances in molasses that might inhibit the growth of the bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of extracellular liquid produced by Nocardia sp strain V1 was evaluated against 10 microbes isolated from infected strawberries and pseudostem of banana plant. The result showed that the antimicrobial activities were demonstrated by the extracellular liquid derived from the bacteria grown in the media containing pre-treated molasses-starch (M2 medium), pre-treated molasses-glucose (M3 medium), and glucose-starch (synthetic medium) as the carbon sources. The extracellular liquid from those fermented media was able to inhibit 2 microbes from a total of 10 microbes identified as Rhodotorula sp and Fusarium graminearum with the inhibition diameter ranged from 10-21 mm.

Study of Black Cotton Soil Characteristics with Molasses

Civil engineering structure resting on expansive soil needs more attention since it causes undesirable engineering behavior when the soil comes in contact with water. The areas consisting of expansive soil need a proper stabilization method to solve the site problems faced by the civil engineers. Pavements constructed on such soil shows signs of damage continuously during the service life of the pavement eventually increase the maintenance costs. Stabilization of this soil is a usual practice for improving the strength. In this work an attempt was made on the utilization of Molasses with soil by adding various percentages of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15% in soil and accessed their geotechnical behavior for different curing periods. The effects of Molasses treatment on the strength improvement of compacted expansive clays are studied based on Unconfined Compression tests for different curing periods of 0, 7 and 14 days. UCS performed on these mixes and identified that addition of Molasses attained high strength with the increasing percent of Molasses in soil. From the test results, it was observed that the UCS peak value were increases to 160%. From the experimental study, it is observed that the treatment of the expansive soil with the addition of Industrial waste material Molasses is more efficient in subgrade modification and other geotechnical applications.

Modification of growth medium of mixed-culture species of microalgae isolated from southern java coastal region

Globally, there is growing interest in microalgae as production organisms. Microalgae contain lipids (oil), proteins and carbohydrates (sugars), and, especially marine algae have been used as food and feed for centuries. Recently, production cost reduction related to the supply of growth nutrients is necessary to make it profitable. Therefore, utilization of molasses, a byproduct of sugar production, as the natural carbon, macronutrients, and micronutrients sources can be helpful. The analysis showed that the content of sucrose, glucose, fructose, potassium, zinc, and magnesium was 68.4% w/w, 18.5% w/w, and 13.1% w/w, 5.5% w/w, 3.91 ppm, and 1,370 ppm respectively. This work aimed to determine the effect of molasses addition to the physio-chemical properties of multi-culture species of microalgae isolated from southern Java coastal region in Indonesia grown under mixotrophic culture. The cultivation in this work used medium which was self-formulated by the authors consisting of NaNO3 (5 mL/L), H3BO3 (1 mL/L), EDTA (1 mL/L), N2H2PO4 (5 mL/L), FeSO4 (1 mL/L), MgSO4 (1 mL/L), NaCl (1 mL/L), micronutrients (1 mL/L), vitamin B1 (1 mL/L), and vitamin B12 (1 mL/L) in 500 mL of water. The medium will be treated to have molasses concentration of 0.05% v/v, 0.15% v/v, 0.25% v/v, 0.35% v/v, and 0.45% v/v.

Polyhydroxy propionate-co-hydroxy dodecanoate-co-hydroxy octadecanoate for in vitro cell culture

ABSTRACTThis study is novel to report the utilization of molasses for the production of polyhydroxy propionate-co-hydroxy dodecanoate-co-hydroxy octadecanoate from Pseudomonas sp. LDC-5 as prospective biomaterial. Thermal analysis revealed its potential for thermal permanence and melt processing. 3T3 fibroblasts were cultured on these different scaffolds and their proliferation was compared. Giemsa and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining revealed that there was no distinct change in morphology. Polyhydroxyalkanoate:poly ethylene glycol blend was found to be the most promising for extracellular matrix secretion, a key thrust function of 3D culture. Lactate dehydrogenase assay indicated the membrane integrity. DNA fragmentation analysis showed that the scaffold did not damage DNA. Thus the prepared scaffold can serve as a promising biomaterial.

Enrichment of Parachlorella kessleri biomass with bioproducts: oil and protein by utilization of beet molasses

The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of beet molasses, an agro-industrial by-product, as an alternative culture medium component for photoheterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of Parachlorella kessleri. Application of beet molasses improved microalgal cell growth and modified the biochemical composition of P. kessleri biomass. During the addition of molasses to culture media with simultaneous aeration, the maximum biomass productivity, oil and protein productivity, and calorific value were 0.42 g L−1 day−1, 112.56 and 244.95 mg L−1 day−1, and 22.1 MJ kg−1, respectively. Under these conditions, the total content of polyunsaturated C16-C18 fatty acids decreased, which was suitable for application in biodiesel. Besides oils and carbohydrates, P. kessleri had an ability to synthesize significant amounts of proteins, especially during molasses utilization. This provides a possibility of a wide range of non-fuel applications of P. kessleri biomass.

Bioethanol Dehydration Process using NaOH-Activated Zeolite at Various Concentration and Zeolite Weight

<p>Utilization of molasses as basic material for producing bioethanol becomes one of the promising efforts to fulfill the demand of fuel and diminish the dependence upon fossil fuel that its availability is increasingly rare. However, ethanol produced from fermentation of molasses has low purity. The purity could be increased by using dehydration method and zeolite activated by NaOH and alum as alumina source. The research is aimed to know the dehydration process of bioethanol use NaOH-activated zeolite at various concentration and zeolite weight on the purification of bioethanol. In this research, the experiments could be categorized into 4 groups, they are activation of zeolite, fermentation, distillation, and dehydration process. Activation of natural zeolite performed by entering of sized 120-150 mesh zeolite powder was added to glass beaker that contains NaOH aqueous solution and followed by adding alum which took place at 80 ˚C for 8 hours and the final product calcinated at 600 ˚ C for 2 hour. Fermentation process was managed for 6 days and pH 5. Furthermore, bioethanol was separated by distillation method at 78,5 - 85 ˚C and followed by molecular sieve dehydration using zeolite activated by NaOH solution in variation of zeolite weight (30, 40 and 50 %) and NaOH concentration (1, 2, 3 dan 4 M). The amount of bioethanol was measured by gas chromatography method. Bioethanol concentration as fermentation product is 29,8 %. The result revealed that dehydration with 30% w.t zeolite activated by 2 M NaOH solution had the best activity in bioethanol purification with amount of bioethanol is 53,76 %, Increased Levels of Bioethanol (ILB) value is 80,39 % and Adsorption Capacity of Zeolite (ACZ) is 399,31 %.</p><p>Keywords: bioethanol, concentration of NaOH, dehydration, molasses, molecular sieve, weight of zeolite</p>

Utilization of molasses and sugar cane bagasse for production of fungal invertase in solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger GH1.

Agro-industrial wastes have been used as substrate-support in solid state fermentation for enzyme production. Molasses and sugarcane bagasse are by-products of sugar industry and can be employed as substrates for invertase production. Invertase is an important enzyme for sweeteners development. In this study, a xerophilic fungus Aspergillus niger GH1 isolated of the Mexican semi-desert, previously reported as an invertase over-producer strain was used. Molasses from Mexico and Cuba were chemically analyzed (total and reducer sugars, nitrogen and phosphorous contents); the last one was selected based on chemical composition. Fermentations were performed using virgin and hydrolyzate bagasse (treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid). Results indicated that, the enzymatic yield (5231 U/L) is higher than those reported by other A. niger strains under solid state fermentation, using hydrolyzate bagasse. The acid hydrolysis promotes availability of fermentable sugars. In addition, maximum invertase activity was detected at 24 h using low substrate concentration, which may reduce production costs. This study presents an alternative method for invertase production using a xerophilic fungus isolated from Mexican semi-desert and inexpensive substrates (molasses and sugarcane bagasse).

Statistical optimization of molasses based exopolysaccharide and biomass production by Aureobasidium pullulans MTCC 2195

In the present study, optimization of exopolysaccharide (pullulan) and biomass production by Aureobasidium pullulans was carried out by four factor—five level central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Four factors namely molasses, KH2PO4, yeast extract and pH were chosen for the optimization studies and their significance on exopolysaccharide and biomass production was statistically analyzed by ANOVA. A second order polynomial model for exopolysaccharide and biomass production was constructed by using the estimated regression coefficients. Optimized values of molasses, KH2PO4, yeast extract and pH for targeted response of pullulan (45 g/L) and biomass (12.5 g/L) were predicted as 5.0%, 0.22%, 0.25% and 6.4%, respectively. Result of this study shows that utilization of molasses has significantly improved the exopolysaccharide production and also make the process cost effective.

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Producing Bacterial Strain from Orange Pulp

Cellulose producing bacterial strain was isolated from orange pulp. The isolated strain was identified to be Gluconoacetobacter intermedius NT based on several morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and 16S r-DNA analysis. Bacterial cellulose production by the isolated bacterial strain was maximum in Hestrin and Schramm (HS) and modified HS media (8.5 and 10 g /L, respectively) following cultivation under static conditions for 10 days. Modified HS medium containing 40 ml/L of heat pre-treated molasses as the sole source of carbon facilitated significant production of cellulose (3.5 g/L) by the bacterial isolate. Utilization of molasses as the carbon source for the production of bacterial cellulose would have an advantage over pure sugars from the commercial point of view.

Utilization of molasses based distillery effluent for fertigation of sugarcane

A field study was carried out to monitor the effect of application of molasses based distillery effluent on yields of sugarcane and soil properties. The treatments consisted of main plots: control (I0), first pre-sowing irrigation with undiluted effluent (I1), one irrigation with effluent: tube-well water (1:3) at tillering stage (I2), two irrigations with effluent: tube-well water (1:4) at tillering and 30 d after tillering stage (I3). The subplots either received no fertilizer application (F0) or had 50 % of recommended dose (50 kg N, 60 kg P(2)O(5) and 40 kg K(2)O ha(-1) as basal dose (F1) with top dressing of 50 kg N ha(-1) at tillering and in June before the onset of monsoon. Nitrogen to the ratoon crops was applied in three equal splits. Application of 50 % recommended fertilizer dose increased the cumulative cane yields under different effluent treatments. Use of distillery effluent irrespective of the method of application significantly increased the cumulative yields of sugarcane over no application of effluent significantly at p ≤ 0.05. After the harvest of second ratoon crop, no significant effect of different treatments was noted on soil pH, electrical conductance and exchangeable Na. Significantly higher build-up of organic C in surface soil was noted under I2 treatment in comparison to I0 treatment at p ≤ 0.05. With no fertilizer application, both I1 and I2 significantly increased accumulation of alkaline KMnO(4) hydrolysable N in 30-45 cm layer in comparison to I0F0 at p ≤ 0.05. In comparison to I0, use of I2 increased the content of Olsen's P significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in 30-45 and 45-60 cm layers while I3 increased it significantly at p ≤ 0.05 in 0-15 and 45-60 cm layers. Use of distillery effluent as pre-sowing or standing crop irrigation increased ammonium acetate extractable K in surface and sub-surface layers significantly in comparison to I0 at p ≤ 0.05. Thus, use of distillery effluent in sugarcane crop as pre-sown or standing crop irrigation had no adverse impact on soil reaction or electrical conductivity and could save at least fifty percent of basal NPK application with significantly higher cumulative millable cane yields of main crop and two subsequent ratoons.

Cassava-poultry dropping block: A feed supplement for West African dwarf sheep

Feed blocks containing 45% of molasses (A) or cassava wastes (rind, peels, small tubers and some pulp) in substitution of 60(B), 80(C) or 100%(D) of molasses were offered as supplement to 16 West African, dwarf sheep (16±2.5kg initial, BW) fed ad libitum on Panicum maximum hay during a 10- week period. Feed intake, digestibility and growth performance were studied in a completely randomized experimental design. All the urea and 40% of the palm kernel meal contained in the control molasses block (10 and 25%) were also replaced by caged layer droppings and Shea butter cake in the cassava containing blocks (B, C and D). Each block was replicated twice with two animals per replicate. DM intake averaged 92, 228, 230 and 235g/d for animal on blocks containing 0, 60, 80 and 100% cassava wastes. The energy intake rose (P<0.05) with cassava substitution and was similar among cassava based blocks. The apparent digestibility of DM increased (p<0.05) from 54 to 67% while the apparent digestibility of CP was greater (p<0.05) for blocks B-D than for A (78, 84, 77 and 67% respectively). Mean body weight changes average -10, 57. 1, 60.5 and 87.2g/d for sheep fed blocks, A,B,C and D respectively, while the feed: gain ratio was highest for block D. Physical evaluation of blocks B, C and D compared favorably with block A while cost analysis revealed that block D was the most profitable as regards cost of the feed per Kg weight gain. The results emphasized the need to substitute cassava wastes, caged layer droppings and Shea butter cake for molasses and urea respectively in a situation where availability and method of utilization of molasses and urea are of vital consideration. Key words: Cassava wastes, caged layer droppings, West African Dwarf sheep, digestibility, growth

Molasses supplementation promotes conidiation but suppresses aflatoxin production by small sclerotial Aspergillus flavus

To find a supplemental ingredient that can be added to routinely used growth media to increase conidial production and decrease aflatoxin biosynthesis in small sclerotial (S strain) isolates of Aspergillus flavus. Molasses was added to three commonly used culture media: coconut agar (CAM), potato dextrose agar (PDA), and vegetable juice agar (V8) and production of conidia, sclerotia, and aflatoxins by A. flavus isolate CA43 was determined. The effect of nitrogen sources in molasses medium (MM) on production of conidia, sclerotia and aflatoxins was examined. Water activity and medium pH were also measured. Conidia harvested from agar plates were counted using a haemocytometer. Sclerotia were weighed after drying at 45 degrees C for 5 days. Aflatoxins B(1) and B(2) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Addition of molasses to the media did not change water activity or the pH significantly. Supplementing CAM and PDA with molasses increased conidial production and decreased aflatoxins. Two-fold increased yield of conidia was found on MM, which, like V8, did not support aflatoxin production. Adding ammonium to MM significantly increased the production of sclerotia and aflatoxins, but slightly decreased conidial production. Adding urea to MM significantly increased the production of conidia, sclerotia and aflatoxins. Molasses stimulated conidial production and inhibited aflatoxin production. Its effect on sclerotial production was medium-dependent. Water activity and medium pH were not related to changes in conidial, sclerotial or aflatoxin production. Medium containing molasses alone or molasses plus V8 juice were ideal for conidial production by S strain A. flavus. Insight into molecular events associated with the utilization of molasses may help to elucidate the mechanism(s) that decreases aflatoxin biosynthesis. Targeting genetic parameters in S strain A. flavus isolates may reduce aflatoxin contamination of crops by reducing the survival and toxigenicity of these strains.

Utilization of molasses and akalona hydrolyzate for continuous glycerol production in a packed bed bioreactor

Continuous glycerol fermentation of a by-product cane sugar molasses and wheat milling residues (akalona) was studied using sulfite as a combining agent with the aldehyde. Thus, a local yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used under anaerobic conditions instead of glycerol production microorganisms (osmophilic yeast's) which need essentially aerobic conditions. The processes were performed in a vertical packed-bed reactor with yeast cells immobilized in agar gel. The influence of the dilution rate on the performance of the bioreactor was studied. The substrate and product concentration profiles along the column height are presented. A kinetic study has been used to identify the rate controlling step(s).

Substitution of sorghum grain for molasses increases the liveweight gain of steers given molasses-based diets

Sorghum grain was included in a basal diet of molasses (molasses 505, urea 21, sunflower meal 191, pangola grass hay 250, minerals 31 g/kg as fed) at rates of 0, 202, 391 and 707 g/kg, generating diets in which grain replaced 0 (diet A), 33 (diet B), 66 (diet C) and 100% (diet D) of the molasses and hay. The four diets were fed to groups of four Hereford steers (293–334 kg liveweight) over a 96-day period. One half of each treatment group was implanted with a growth promotant (zeranol), and all were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir at the end of the trial. The inclusion of 33% grain increased voluntary feed consumption, digestible dry matter (DM) intake (from 57·6 to 82·0 g digestible DM/kg0·75 per day and significantly increased liveweight gain from 592 to 900 g/day. Zeranol implantation also increased liveweight gain but not feed intake. Steers given only grain (diet D) had the highest liveweight gains (1127 g/day). The addition of grain to molasses diets decreased urinary N excretion and increased ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid. Molar proportions of propionic acid in total VFA increased from 0·15 to 0·20, and butyric acid decreased from 0·36 to 0·29 when 33% of the molasses was replaced by sorghum grain. The fat content (depth at sacral position) of the carcasses of steers given grain only (diet D) was significantly greater (14 mm) than that of steers given the basal diet of molasses (4 mm), and carcass fat contents were intermediate (10 and 11 mm) for steers given diets B and C respectively. It was concluded that the inclusion of small amounts of grain in molasses-based diets increased cattle growth principally by increasing digestible energy intake without decreasing molasses intake, thus improving the efficiency of utilization of molasses in molasses-based diets.

Factors regulating production of glucose oxidase by Aspergillus niger

Certain factors affecting production of extracellular and cell-bound glucose oxidase by Aspergillus niger were investigated. The intention was to maximize total glucose oxidase activity of academic and potential commercial application by the selection of the appropriate strain and consecutive optimization of growth media and conditions. It was possible to identify combinations resulting in the utilization of molasses as the best carbon source and enhancing enzyme activity approximately 40-fold. Glucose oxidase activities as high as 5.7 U ml −1 were produced, comparing favorably with those reported for other enzyme-producing microorganisms. These activity levels were obtained with molasses, indicating an economically attractive process for enzyme production. In addition, our work identified CaCO 3 as a particularly strong inducer of glucose oxidase activity.

The Utilization of Molasses and Urea in the Rations of Growing Dairy Cattle

Summary Growth studies have been conducted with 80 dairy heifers over a 2-year period to determine the value of molasses when fed at high levels of supplementation and to study more adequately the utilization of urea with molasses as the source of carbohydrate supplement when fed with low quality hay to growing dairy animals. Digestion and balance studies were also conducted with eight bull calves in two replicates of a 4 × 4 Latin square design. All the animals with one exception were fed about as much low-quality mixed hay, predominantly timothy, as they would consume, and this was supplemented as follows: Ration 1, molasses and urea; Ration 2, corn and soybean oil meal; Ration 3, molasses and soybean oil meal; Ration 4, molasses, corn and urea. In every trial but one, the animals that received the soybean oil meal rations with either corn or molasses gained significantly more than the urea-supplemented animals. Molasses apparently was not an adequate carbohydrate for the utilization of urea by the rumen microflora when fed with little or no starchy carbohydrate. When a small amount of corn was fed with urea and molasses, an increase in daily gain was noted which was not statistically significant. The nitrogen balance data have shown that adequate synthesis of protein from urea did not occur in these rations. Molasses and soybean oil meal did not produce as rapid gains as did corn and soybean oil meal. This may be attributed to the low digestibility of the protein in the molasses rations which were carefully adjusted to supply adequate, but no surplus, protein for a normal ration. Molasses also depressed the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, and crude fiber. When good quality legume hay replaced the poor quality timothy hay in a molasses-urea ration, excellent gains were obtained, showing that high levels of molasses can produce satisfactory gains when sufficient or excess protein supplied by the hay is available.

Summary of technical methods for the utilization of molasses, collated from patent literature for the use of the American sugar industry

Summary of technical methods for the utilization of molasses, collated from patent literature for the use of the American sugar industry