Utilization Of Medicinal Plants Research Articles

Chromosome-Scale Genome of the Fern Cibotium barometz Unveils a Genetic Resource of Medicinal Value

Ferns represent the second-largest group of vascular plants, yet their genomic resources lag far behind. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm., a medicinally important fern species. The 3.49 Gb genome, assembled into 66 chromosomes with 99.41% sequence anchorage, revealed an exceptionally high proportion (83.93%) of repetitive elements, dominated by recently expanded LTR retrotransposons. We identified 30,616 protein-coding genes, providing insights into fern-specific gene families. Genomic analyses uncover the evolutionary dynamics of 513 key biosynthetic genes, particularly those involved in terpenoid and flavonoid production. Expression profiling across tissues revealed tissue-specific regulation of these pathways, with notable upregulation of chalcone synthase genes in roots. Our structural analysis of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, a key enzyme in terpenoid biosynthesis, demonstrated high conservation across land plants while highlighting fern-specific adaptations. The identification of multiple isoforms for key enzymes points to potential gene-duplication events or the evolution of fern-specific variants. This genome provides a foundation for understanding fern biology, evolution, and the molecular basis of their medicinal properties. It also offers valuable resources for conservation efforts and pharmacological research, paving the way for sustainable utilization of this valuable medicinal plant and advancing our understanding of plant diversity and natural product biosynthesis.

Dammarane-Type Saponins from the Leaves of Vietnamese Ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.) and Their Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition In Vitro and In Silico.

Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.) represents one of the famous Panax spp. for valuable applications in both traditional and modern medicine; in which, its rhizome part has mainly been used as the medicinal materials based on the bioactive ginsenosides such as ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rd, and majonoside R2. In modern medicine, the development of medicinal materials and utilization of medicinal plants are crucially based on standard bioactive ingredients, so this study to evaluate the leaves of Vietnamese ginseng as source of bioactive ginsenoside led to the identification of seven ginsenosides (1-7). Of them, ginsenoside Rd (2) and pseudoginsenoside RS1 (5) showed inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase in vitro with the IC50 values of 47.13 and 79.58 μM and supported by molecular docking analysis, in which ginsenoside Rd (2) and pseudoginsenoside RS1 (5) could play as allosteric inhibitors with high binding affinity (-8.5 and -9.4 kcal/mol) as evidenced by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The findings provided the scientific evidence for using the leaves of Vietnamese ginseng as an alternative source to the roots to enhance memory in traditional medicine as well as for further research on the anti-dementia effects of 2 and 5.

A Holistic View on Erectile Dysfunction: South African Medicinal Plants as Sustainable Alternative Therapies

Erectile dysfunction is a common problem affecting men worldwide, especially as they age. This condition is characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse and may result from various factors, including vascular, neurogenic, hormonal, and psychological. Common first-line treatment options for the disease have relied on phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors such as sildenafil (Viagra), which are costly, inaccessible, and sometimes result in adverse health effects. Consequently, there has been increasing interest in exploring medicinal plants as alternative remedies because of their easy access and affordability. In South Africa, 75 plant species with properties that affect testosterone levels, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone are used as aphrodisiacs. Some plant extracts can increase blood testosterone concentrations and stimulate penile erection by maintaining nitric oxide levels. This paper presents current information about the possible utilization of South African medicinal plants as viable and readily available therapeutic alternatives for managing erectile dysfunction. In addition, it discusses in detail the various mechanisms of action of medicinal plants in managing the disease. The information on the efficacy of African medicinal plants in managing erectile dysfunction provided in this review will help increase awareness of the sustainable use of natural products. It may serve as a basis for including indigenous herbal remedies in the guidelines for erectile dysfunction management as potential treatment options in Africa.

Inventarisasi dan Pemetaan Keberagaman Tanaman Obat Keluarga di Desa Rambipuji, Kabupaten Jember: Upaya Pelestarian Pengetahuan Lokal

This study aims to map the diversity of family medicinal plants (TOGA) in Rambipuji Village, Rambipuji District, Jember Regency, East Java. TOGA is an important component in the lives of Indonesian people as an affordable and easily accessible alternative to traditional medicine. Nonetheless, in Rambipuji Village, the potential of TOGA has not been optimally utilized, and information regarding its geographical distribution is still limited. Therefore, accurate mapping is needed to support the utilization and preservation of TOGA. The research method involved three main stages: preparation, implementation, and map-making. In the preparation stage, the research team consulted with village officials to acquire permission and support. The implementation stage involved collecting coordinate point data of various medicinal plant species in the three main hamlets, namely Gudang Karang, Krajan, and Curah Ancar, utilizing the GPS Map Camera application. This data was later analyzed and imported into the QGIS application for the creation of an interactive map. The resulting map shows that there are 126 coordinate points in Gudang Karang Hamlet, 41 points in Krajan Hamlet, and 32 points in Curah Ancar Hamlet, with a total of 48 different medicinal plant species. The resulting TOGA diversity map provides a clear visual picture of the distribution of medicinal plants in Rambipuji Village, whereby it is expected to become a learning tool for the community and support the preservation and sustainable use of TOGA. This mapping is designed to improve the welfare of the community through a more targeted and coordinated utilization of medicinal plants.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Plants from Genus Buxus: A Review

Buxus is an evergreen shrub of the Buxaceae family. A comprehensive survey of the literature has been conducted, revealing that alkaloids are the predominant metabolites characterized by their noteworthy biological activities. Of particular interest are the alkaloids that have exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against various cell lines, including HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF- 7, SW480, ES2, and A2780 cell lines. CVB-D, buxbodine B, and buxmicrophyllines F can inhibit the growth of tumor cells and induce tumor cell apoptosis. This article reviews the chemical constituents, antitumor effect, and mechanism of Buxus alkaloids in recent years so as to provide a reference for its further development and utilization of medicinal plants of the genus Buxus.

The Effect of Quercetin on the Prevention and Treatment of Gynecologic Cancer

Objective: This review summarizes the molecular properties, anticancer effects, and bioavailability of quercetin (Que). We discussed its role in preventing and treating gynecologic cancers, assisting in the treatment of drug-resistant cases, and synergizing with other treatments. This review includes an analysis of Que’s impact on breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer. Mechanism: Gynecologic cancers are a significant cause of cancer-related deaths, leading to low survival rates and a high burden on patients and healthcare systems. They are regarded as a major health problem in women. The use of complementary therapies, such as Que, can contribute to improving patient outcomes and the quality of life. The utilization of medicinal plants as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is on the rise worldwide, offering new approaches to cancer treatment. This approach may provide potential treatments for various cancers, including female cancers such as breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer, either alone or in combination with other medications. Findings in Brief: Among various natural compounds, Que is commonly used as an anti-cancer supplement due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Que is effective in preventing and treating female cancers in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as demonstrated by numerous in vitro and in vivo studies and experiments. However, more clinical studies are required to establish this flavonoid as a therapeutic agent or as part of a drug combination in humans. Conclusions: Que helps prevent and treat gynecological cancers, reduce drug resistance, and increase the effectiveness of chemical drugs and radiotherapy. It achieves this through its anti-inflammatory, pro-oxidative, anti-proliferative, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest mechanisms. However, more human studies are needed to accurately determine of the mechanisms of action and the extent of its effectiveness.

Medicinal plant species detection by comparison review

The detection of therapeutic plant species is critical in today’s environment. Though many valuable medicinal plants are essential for survival, everyone needs Ready-to-use chemical medicines instead of ayurvedic ones. Because herbal medicines are prepared on time, they cannot be stored with preservatives like pharmaceutical ones. Also, identifying correct medicinal plants is essential; it can be achieved by classifying herbs by leaf shape, colour and texture of both sides using the established parameters of various methods. Recent utilization of traditional medicinal plants has increased, but identifying correct medicinal plants is more complicated. All herbal plants are natural resources that are reliable and healthy for consumption. Medicinal plants are used to treat heart problems, respiratory problems, reproductive problems, gastrointestinal problems, joint problems, skin illnesses, excretory problems, etc. Because of the necessity for mass manufacturing, identifying these plants is urgent. Detecting and classifying medicinal species is more critical to provide better treatment. Due to the deficiency of knowledgeable persons, effective detection and categorization of edible herbal plants are difficult. As a result, a completely computerized approach to identifying edible herbal plants is an essential key factor of the research. In this paper, various plant detection techniques like Convolution Neural Network (CNN), pertained models VGG16, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multi-Layer Perception (MLP) are taken and compared, and then finally concluded with the best results based on accuracy rate.

DOTTs-Database of Therapeutic Plants against Tuberculosis: Rationalizing traditional medicine for therapeutic applications

IntroductionMycobacterium tuberculosis, a highly resistant superbug causing tuberculosis disease, contributes to one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Improved drug regimens and therapeutics have been extensively studied, but still, none is proven to be fully effective in eliminating the pathogen or its drug-resistant forms. Therefore, alternative and novel therapeutic approaches to address this problem are the need of the hour. Traditional medicine can be vital in managing tuberculosis via codified (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani) and uncodified systems (folk medicine). In recent years, the utilization of medicinal plants for TB therapy has garnered considerable attention. Identifying underexplored plants utilized as a remedy for tuberculosis can aid in developing future treatment strategies. The current study aims to assemble the ethnobotanical literature that provides insight into the undocumented tribal/folk medicinal practices against tuberculosis in one unified platform. MethodsThe medicinal plants with therapeutic properties against tuberculosis were identified manually by screening published literature. The data is represented to the users using a user-friendly web interface developed via the PHP-HTML platform using Bootstrap Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) theme, and the database is managed by MySQL Database Management System (DBMS). ResultsDatabase of Therapeutic Plants against Tuberculosis describes the medicinal plants used traditionally in different forms against tuberculosis by various indigenous tribes and communities in India. A total of 100 plants with their local names, taxonomical classification (order and family), tribe, plant part, and formulations, as well as the anti-tubercular attributes, are provided in the database. Additional information about the plants can be retrieved from the external links provided. ConclusionThe DOTTs database provides the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological data of 100 Indian medicinal plants. This database will help the researchers acquire information about the plants that could be beneficial for further evaluation and discovery of potential leads in TB drug discovery. With proper investigation and advancement, it can be anticipated that TB will no longer be a serious public health risk.

Utilization of Medicinal Plants and Conservation Efforts by the Community in Sibowi Village

Introduction: Forests as a place to grow various kinds of plants become a source of biodiversity that is beneficial to human life. Biodiversity in the forest can provide benefits to humans, such as providing food sources for humans, one example is plants used as medicine. Medicinal plants can be conserved by cultivating in the yard and growing wild. Method: This study aims to record the types of plants used, plant parts used, how to use them, and conservation efforts made by the community in Sibowi Village. This research was conducted in Sibowi Village, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. Results and Discussion: The results of research on the utilization of medicinal plants in Sibowi Village show that the types used as medicinal plants are 23 species from 20 families. Plant parts that are widely used are leaves 43% and less utilized parts are stems and all parts 4%. The processing method that is widely used is boiled 52% and the less used method is burned and squeezed 4%. The method of utilization that is widely used is drunk 64% and the method that is less used is chewed and washed 6%. Conclusion: Conservation efforts were analyzed descriptively where plants that are widely cultivated by the community in the yard are Turmeric (Zingiber officinale L.), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale L.), these plants are not only used as medicinal plants but are used as kitchen ingredients and are easy to cultivate.

Medicinal plants used in multiple sclerosis patients, prevalence and associated factors: a descriptive cross-sectional study

IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating disease that not only leads to disability and associated condition but also impacts one’s ability to maintain a professional life. People’s acceptance and utilization of medicinal plants (MPs) play an important role in managing their treatment process. As a result, this study aims to investigate the use of medicinal herbs among patients with MS.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 MS patients who visited a private clinic and the MS Association in Kerman, Iran in 2021. A questionnaire comprising questions about sociodemographic information, disease variables, and aspects of MPs usage was utilized for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). The Chi-square test was employed to identify any association between demographic characteristics and MPs usage. To determine the prevalence of plant use in a specific area and the consensus among informants, the use value (UV) and Informant consensus factor (Fic) were calculated.ResultsThe study revealed a high prevalence of MPs usage among MS patients. Chamomile (66.6%) and golegavzaban (62.0%) were the most commonly used plants with the highest UV indices (0.88 and 0.82 respectively), while St. John’s wort and licorice were rarely used (0.67% and 4% respectively). Participants cited pursuing a healthier lifestyle as the primary reason for using MPs (24%). St. John’s wort, lavender, and chamomile were the most satisfying plants (100%, 100%, and 53.0% respectively). Chamomile had the highest Fic too. Most patients were motivated to get MPs from their relatives.ConclusionsGiven the widespread use of MPs among MS patients, neurologists should enhance their knowledge in this area to guide patients away from seeking advice from non-professionals. Providing standardized formulations can help prevent potential interactions between MPs and mainstream drugs, thereby improving patients safety and outcomes.

Indigenous Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Diabetes in Africa: 5 Years (2019-2024) in Perspective.

(1) Background: The utilization of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes is of great importance to the health of the indigenous population on the African continent. The high cost of orthodox conventional medicines coupled with the perceived side effects encourages the high patronage of indigenous medicinal plants in the management of this metabolic disorder. We conducted a review on the indigenous African medicinal plants that could be useful in preclinical and clinical trials in the field of diabetes mellitus research. (2) Methods: Data were mined from research articles published and associated with the use of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes on the African continent (from January 2019 to March 2024). Literature from ethnobotanical studies on the African continent was searched from the Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Medline, Web of Science and PubMed databases. We employed the following keywords: "indigenous plants", "diabetes in Africa" and "antidiabetic effect of medicinal plants". (3) Results: A total of 52 medicinal plants belonging to 31 families were recorded in this study. Amaryllidaceae (14.28%), Fabaceae (9.52%) and Asteraceae (9.52%) were the most cited plant families. The frequently used indigenous medicinal plants on the African continent were Allium sativum L. (n = 6), Olea europaea L. (n = 6), Azadirachta indica A. Juss (n = 5), Allium cepa L. (n = 5) and Moringa oleifera Lam. (n = 5). The highly cited parts of the plant used in the management of diabetes were the leaves (45.55%), bark (14.44%) and bulbs (12.22%). The preferred methods of the preparation of herbal medicines were decoction (45.23%) and infusion (25%). Oral (52.32%) was the preferred route of the administration of herbal medicine on the African continent. (4) Conclusions: The data revealed some similarities in the way countries on the African continent manage diabetes. This interesting observation will assist in our quest towards obtaining a standardized protocol using indigenous medicinal plants to combat diseases on the African continent.

Assessing the Role of Medicinal Plants in Combating Respiratory Diseases: A Questionnaire Based Survey in Kohat, Pakistan

Background: The impact of respiratory disorders on healthcare systems is still a major problem for global health. Despite the fact that modern medicine has made great strides in treating these ailments, complementary and alternative ways of managing respiratory health are gaining popularity. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of medicinal plants in combating respiratory diseases in Kohat, Pakistan. Methodology: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted at DHQ Teaching Hospital Kohat from April 2022 to March 2023. The study included 82 patients diagnosed with respiratory disorders, who provided informed consent to participate. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages, were utilized to characterize the participant's demographic characteristics and consumption habits for medicinal plants. Results: Among the 82 patients, a greater number of participants (n=57; 69.51%) reported utilizing medicinal herbs to treat respiratory conditions. Liquorice (n=13; 23%) was the most often utilized medicinal plant, followed by Puthkanda (n=11; 19%) and Ginger (n=9 ;16%). The leaves (n=19; 34%), fruits (n=15; 26%), and stem (n=12; 21%) were the most often used plant components, while decoction (n=14; 25%) and extract (n=13; 23%) were the favored preparation techniques. More than one-third of patients (n=46; 80.70%) suggested using medicinal plants to treat respiratory conditions. Conclusion: The survey reveals significant utilization of medicinal plants for managing respiratory diseases in Kohat, Pakistan, emphasizing their potential as complementary approaches to conventional treatments. Integrating traditional knowledge into modern healthcare practices could lead to improved respiratory health outcomes and overall well-being.

Pharmacological Activity of Plant Extracts in Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Dosage Form: Narrative Review

The utilization of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents has obstacles to achieving the target action due to their low solubility. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) is a method developed to increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble substances, such as medicinal plant extracts. This review aims to present a narrative overview of the potential utilization of SNEDDS in enhancing the pharmacological activity of plant extracts. Article searches were conducted on several websites, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Literature studies showed that the use of SNEDDS formulations in several medicinal plants such as dayak onion, soursop leaf, papaya leaf, bay leaf, kale, sidaguri, black cumin, mangosteen peel, harendong, pineapple peel, and cocoa is more effective than the administration of extracts alone because it can increase the solubility and bioavailability of a compound. Pharmacologically, SNEDDS shows its success in enhancing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, antimalarial, immunostimulant, antimicrobial, anticancer, wound healing, and hepatoprotective activities in various plant extracts. The utilization of SNEDDS formulations in plant-based drugs has a positive impact on the advancement of drug therapy, especially for compounds that have low solubility.

Medicinal flora of the baiku yao people — An ethnobotanical documentation in South China

BackgroundThis study explores the medicinal plant knowledge of the Baiku Yao, a unique ethnic group in China. Despite existing research on their ethnobotanical practices, a comprehensive understanding of their medicinal flora remains lacking. This study aims to document and analyze the species distribution, utilization, and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by Baiku Yao.MethodsEthnobotanical surveys were conducted in various Baiku Yao villages across different seasons from 2019 to 2023. Informants were interviewed, and plant specimens were collected and identified. Statistical analyses, including the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), were employed to understand plant importance in Baiku Yao culture.ResultsIn an ethnobotanical survey conducted in the Baiku Yao region, 434 medicinal plant species were documented, highlighting significant ethnobotanical diversity and a deep cultural integration of traditional medicinal practices. The study revealed pronounced geographical variations in plant knowledge among villages, with a notable reliance on wild plants, as 85.48% were sourced from the wild, reflecting unique local ethnobotanical knowledge. Predominantly herbs and shrubs were used due to their accessibility and abundance in the local environment. High Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) values for certain species underscored their importance for local health needs and additional economic value. The utilization of various plant parts, particularly whole plants, roots, and leaves, indicates a holistic approach to medicinal applications, adapted to combat prevalent health issues such as skin and infectious diseases. The study also uncovered the Baiku Yao’s cultural practices for countering “Gu” afflictions—a range of pathogenic conditions—with 18 diverse antidote plants used for skin, digestive, and musculoskeletal disorders. The study underscores the imperative of preserving this rich medicinal heritage through innovative models that engage youth and leverage new media, ensuring the inheritance and evolution of Baiku Yao’s traditional knowledge.ConclusionsBaiku Yao’s medicinal plant use reflects a deep, culturally ingrained knowledge, closely tied to local ecology. The study highlights the importance of preserving this unique ethnobotanical heritage and suggests interdisciplinary approaches for future research.

Mutational and Carcinogenic Potential of Amaltas Fruit Via Oxidation

Long term intake of plant-based medicines without knowing their toxicities and mutagenic potentials is common globally. Therefore, current work is an extension of cancer patient survey at Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy (NIMRA), for long term utilization of medicinal plant. Genotoxic potential Amaltas fruit (AF) was tested by Cicer arietinum L. and Allium cepa L plant assay. Abnormality index (A.I.), types of abnormalities and oxidative damages were the major parameters of genotoxicity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences (LSD) at p≤ 0.05 for A.I. and oxidative damage in both assay plants, except negative control. Both A.I. and oxidative damages revealed incubation dependent increase. In both assay plant the major chromosomal aberration induced was fragmentation. AF induced polyploid cells, apoptotic cells and elongated cells only in Cicer arietinum L. assay. Oxidative damages in the form of nuclear membrane and cell membrane damage were observed in aberrant cells along with ghost cells. It is concluded that AF is capable to cause genotoxic effect incubation dependent manner. High rate of fragmented cells reflects its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity mediated oxidation of DNA and membranes in both assay plants. Induction of more ghost cells and less frequent apoptosis reflects activation of oncogene. Development of Pilus like projections in ghost cells depicts proliferation potential of defected cells. Prolonged utilization of AF was the cause of cancer in surveyed patients. Allium cepa L. was more sensitive as assay plant to the genotoxin. It is recommended that AF must be used occasionally.

Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Australian Native Plants Based on their Ethnopharmacological Knowledge.

Inflammation represents the inherent protective reaction of the human body to various harmful agents and noxious stimuli. Standard anti-inflammatory therapy including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with several side effects. In the past decades, people rely on medicinal plants for the treatment of inflammation. The traditional utilization of medicinal plants is regarded as a safe, cost-effective, and broadly accepted approach. In this study, anti-inflammatory activity of plants traditionally utilized by the D'harawal people in Australia has been assessed in vitro. Eighty Australian native plants were screened based on the Dharawal Pharmacopeia for their inhibitory effect on the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages for their anti-inflammatory activity. From the eighty ethanolic extracts screened, seventeen displayed potent NO inhibition with an IC50 recorded below 15 μg/mL. The aim of this review was to utilise the ethnopharmacological knowledge and to correlate the anti-inflammatory activity of the seventeen plants with either their known or unknown phytochemicals reported in the literature. In doing so, we have created a snapshot of Australian native plant candidates that warrant further chemical investigation associated with their anti-inflammatory activity.

Exploring informed consent and the utilization of traditional medicinal plants in Roundu Valley, Gilgit Baltistan

Exploring informed consent and the utilization of traditional medicinal plants in Roundu Valley, Gilgit Baltistan

Phytoterapic products marketed in free fairs of São Luís-MA: a therapeutic analysis

Historically, medicinal herbs have been playing an essential role in the development of novel medications as well as the manufacturing of traditional herbal remedies. Brazil is among the nations in which commercialization of medicinal herbs is becoming more prevalent. This growth is attributed to the wealthy diversity of plants as well as the low cost of the therapy, as demonstrated by the fact that 82% of Brazilians use medicinal herbs on a regular basis to safeguard their good health. Utilizing qualitative as well as quantitative approaches, the primary objective of the investigation was to examine the way the aforementioned goods were being traded in São Luís marketplaces on the streets. According to information from stallholders, 86 products have been identified, the most of which were in oil form. These products have a variety of uses, including antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and expectorant qualities. The five most popular products in terms of sales and demand have been identified according to the samples that had been collected. These consist of andiroba oil, copaiba oil, pequi oil, castor oil, and the annatto syrup. Without knowing the products' origins, the individuals being interviewed reported that they were merely selling them. The vast majority of the products (≈ 80%) did not have labels specifying indications, how to use, contraindications, origin, or validity and, for the few that did, the information was incomplete. The study demonstrated that although the utilization of medicinal plants is an essential component of conventional medicine, merchants continue to have a deficiency of technical knowledge that put human health at risk through carelessness or even inappropriate usage of these products.

Identification and Utilization of Medicinal Plants in West Wangurer Village, Madidir District, Bitung City, North Sulawesi

In Indonesia, around 9,600 plant species contain compounds or active ingredients with medicinal properties that people can use for traditional medicine because they are natural compared to modern medicine. Medicinal plants are found in many habitats, however, due to developments in the times, people are increasingly using modern medicine, so it is feared that the introduction of medicinal plants will become extinct. This research aims to identify medicinal plants in West Wangurer Village, Bitung City, and how to use them. The research was conducted in March-April 2023 using an exploratory descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Medicinal plant sampling used a purposive sampling method and data on the use of medicinal plants was obtained from interviews with the community. The research results obtained 30 species of medicinal plants used by the community as medicinal ingredients in West Wangurer Village, Madidir District, Bitung City, North Sulawesi. This medicinal plant is used for various diseases such as fever, hypertension, diabetes, diarrhea, digestive disorders, and others.

The Utilization of Family Medicinal Plants by The Community of Tebang Kacang Village, Kubu Raya Regency

The Utilization of Family Medicinal Plants by The Community of Tebang Kacang Village, Kubu Raya Regency