Utilization Of Inventions Research Articles

Limitations on Patenting Inventions Based on Marine Genetic Resources of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction

This article discusses limitations on patenting inventions based on marine genetic resources of areas beyond national jurisdiction. First, it considers that patent protection for these inventions is compatible with losc. Next, it propounds that to further equitable access to new knowledge of the genetic resources, patentability requirements should be shaped to reward human creativity in applying discoveries only. Accordingly, discoveries of naturally occurring dna sequences and the like from the genetic resources should be deemed as a “familiar part of prior art” and that other inventive concepts should be required to meet the patent eligibility requirement. Finally, it contends that it is not justified to require patentees to share any benefits derived from the utilization of inventions based on the genetic resources of the Area.

Effects of Knowledge Network Modularity on the Utility of Inventions in Semiconductor Industry

Previous studies have paid more attention on the modular architecture of product and organization, but the structure of technological knowledge networks has not received the same attention. This paper aims to examining the effects of knowledge networks modularity on the utility of inventions at industrial level empirically. Based on USPTO semiconductor-related patent data from 1976 to 2000, it first measures the modularity of knowledge networks and utility of inventions quantitatively, and then examines the relation between modularity and utility of inventions using Granger causality test. It is found that a long-term and stationary relationship between knowledge network modularity and the utility of innovation in the semiconductor industry and knowledge network modularity has a positive effect on the utility of inventions.

S221015 特許法改正とその影響([S221]知的財産・産学連携)

The purpose of the Patents Act is, through promoting the protection and the utilization of inventions, to encourage inventions, and thereby to contribute to the development of industry. Thus, the provisions of the Patent Act affect the promotion of the future innovation. In late years, revisions of the Patent Act are serious issues. In this presentation, a new system about "Exceptions to Lack of Novelty of Invention" is described. Also, in comparison with the systems of many foreign countries, the practical issues for international patent applications are discussed. Moreover, in late years, Employee's Invention is also one of the serious issues. The new system of "Employee's Invention" was adopted by the revision of the Patent Act in 2004. In this presentation, the stipulations of "Employee's Invention" are compared with many foreign countries, and the future revisions of the stipulation of "Employee's Invention" are discussed.

INNOVATIONS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT–THE CANADIAN CASE

This paper assesses the role of inventive and innovational activity in the growth process of Canada, a country which relies overwhelmingly, some 90 per cent, on the importation of technological advances and operational know‐how from abroad. Canada has prospered under this arrangement but at a price. With technology came foreign capital, foreign management and substantial foreign control. To lessen Canada's dependence on foreign know‐how, this country has embarked on an expanded R & D programme. But the pay‐off from these efforts has been less than expected. To throw a light on the subject, the results of two new surveys are presented: one a sample survey of patents granted, the other an interview survey of large corporations. Questions examined include sources of know‐how and technological advances, utilization of inventions and abandonment of innovations, R & D and innovations, domestic and foreign innovations, and the profitability of innovations. Aggregative assessment is supplemented by disaggregative analysis using cross‐section and industry data.

Restraints upon the Utilization of Inventions

Restraints upon the Utilization of Inventions