Utilization Of Aquatic Resources Research Articles

Alternative Adaptation Strategy during the Paleolithic–Neolithic Transition: Potential Use of Aquatic Resources in the Western Middle Yangtze Valley, China

The middle Yangtze Valley is an important region for studying the origin of rice agriculture. Archaeological remains of rice have been found in sites such as Pengtoushan and Bashidang as early as 8000 years ago. However, we know little about the adaptive diversity in this region as research has mostly focused on rice cultivation. With the help of new discoveries, this paper explores another adaptation behavior pattern that emphasizes the utilization of aquatic resources in the western part of the Jianghan Plain during the Paleolithic–Neolithic transition. Although the sea level was continuously rising with the warming process of early Holocene, the lakes that later became widely distributed were still in formation, thus not available for human utilization in the middle Yangtze Valley. However, most notably, the amelioration of the environment was producing a sort of new niche: utilizing aquatic resources became possible at least in parts of this region. A case study from the Guanzhou Site, based on lithics, suggests there were increasing demands for the utilization of aquatic resources. The study proposes that at least two different adaptation strategy changes occurred in the western Jianghan Plain during the Paleolithic–Neolithic transition, i.e., rice agriculture or complex hunting–gathering. These strategies represent adaptations to the different ecological conditions at the crossroads of habitat types.

NILAI FINANSIAL DAN POTENSI KONFLIK PERIKANAN UDANG MANTIS DI KUALA TUNGKAL, JAMBI

Udang mantis (Harpiosquilla rapidhea) merupakan komoditas ekspor hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan alat tangkap gillnet di Kuala Tungkal yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Penangkapan udang mantis di perairan Kuala Tungkal menjadi sebuah entitas usaha yang memanfaatkan sumberdaya perairan yang bersifat open access (terbuka untuk dimanfaatkan) dan common property (sumberdaya milik bersama), sehingga para pelaku usaha penangkapan udang mantis harus berhadapan dengan berbagai pelaku usaha penangkapan lain yang memiliki pemanfaatan sumberdaya berbeda terhadap wilayah perairan yang sama. Kondisi tersebut memunculkan berbagai potensi konflik terkait pembagian wilayah penangkapan, pemanfaatan sumberdaya perairan (hasil tangkapan), penggunaan alat tangkap dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga nilai finansial serta potensi konflik yang mungkin ditimbulkan dari penangkapan udang mantis. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Dalam kurun waktu 2015 sampai dengan 2017, volume ekspor dan nilai komoditas udang mantis terus mengalami peningkatan. Nilai keuntungan usaha (π) yang dimiliki oleh penangkapan udang mantis sebesar Rp637.500,00 per trip, R/C 5,6 dan PP 39 trip. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka penangkapan udang mantis memiliki kelayakan nilai finansial serta dapat dikembangkan. Potensi konflik usaha penangkapan udang mantis cenderung rendah. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan tidak ditemukan adanya wilayah penangkapan yang sama untuk setiap alat tangkap yang beroperasi, penggunaan alat tangkap tidak mengganggu hasil tangkapan pada alat tangkap lain serta ketergangguan secara sosial dari penangkapan udang mantis dengan alat tangkap lain cenderung rendah.

Traditional Utilization of Aquatic Resources in Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania

Aquatic resources are vital for human well-being particularly to rural communities that largely depend onthem for livelihood. Currently, it appears that pressure from human activities related to utilization has impacted negatively on catchment management, particularly of the aquatic resources. This study focuses on the aquatic resources found in the Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania which include Upper Zigi and Lower Mngeta. The study employs catchment community participatory mapping approach so as to elucidate how man interacts with and modifies the aquatic environment, the impacts of their behavior, and the responses to changes which occur. The aim of the research is to realize a more comprehensive understanding of water resource management from a cultural, social, economic, political, and biological perspective and facilitate sustainable socio-hydrological interaction model. The study found that there are some similarities and differences in aquatic resources management and utilization among communities. Also, it established that there are more aquatic resources in Lower Mngeta catchment than in Upper Zigi catchment. The study found out that the manner of utilization of aquatic resources depends on their availability, levels of skills, knowledge, and beliefs among members of the communities of the catchments. It was also found that the traditional cultural structures that regulated aquatic resource utilization are weakening at an alarming rate due to factors such as modernization and the establishment of the formal institution. Weak traditional structures contribute in many ways to mismanagement and destruction of aquatic resources. The study recommends that ecological database should not only focus on the resources stock, but also on the dynamics of resources utilization. This would lead identification of appropriate local actors with knowledge and skills and cultural advantage who can be involved in planning and management of these important resources. It would also help to reverse the negative impact already experienced, promote sustainable practices and eventually guarantee theavailability of adequate aquatic resources for the present and future generation.

Utilization of Aquatic Resources by the Nicobarese of Katchal Island

Utilization of Aquatic Resources by the Nicobarese of Katchal Island

Review of Ecological Floating Bed Restoration in Polluted Water

Using Ecological Floating Bed (EFB) to purify polluted water is a process of ecological restoration at virgin position, as well as a complicated physical, chemical and biological process. Its core is utilizing aquatic plants and root’s microbes to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus elements, degrade organic matter and enrich heavy metal. EFB has been applied to some water pollution control projects at home and abroad, and has got several achievements. However, there are some factors influenced the removal rate of pollutants, including plants, temperature, seasons, processing time, coverage and initial concentration of pollutants. In the future, the development orientation has been prospected from plant and its combinations, the transformation of EFB structure and the utilization of aquatic resources, and probed the technology of EFB’s building and management, to implement the win-win of landscape benefit and ecological function.

Civil Conflict, Crowding-Out Effects and World Fisheries, 1952–2004

While studies have demonstrated the negative impact of World War II on the industrial fish catch of developed nations, there has been no systematic study assessing the effect of civil conflict on fisheries. This paper surveys the effects of civil conflict on marine and inland fish catch, focusing on the effects of conflict through redeployment of labor, population displacement, counterinsurgency strategy and tactics, and third-party encroachment into territorial waters. Analysis of 123 countries from 1952 to 2004 demonstrates a strong, statistically robust and negative relationship between civil conflict and fisheries, with civil wars (1000 battle deaths) depressing catch by over 17 percent relative to pre-war levels. Robust evidence of a Phoenix effect is lacking: post-conflict fisheries do not quickly bounce back to pre-war catch levels due to rapid growth. Analysis of conflict episodes indicates that conflict intensity, measured by battle deaths, negatively affects fish catch, while population displacement and conflict proximity to the coast do not. While these findings contribute to the growing literature on the economic effects of civil conflict, they also are important for regional fisheries management organizations, which must increasingly pay attention to factors that are exogenous to oceanic conditions but nevertheless dramatically affect the utilization of aquatic resources.

High Incidence of Cyanobacterial Blooms along the Coast of the Cameroon Gulf of Guinea and their Effects on Human Health and Amenities

The coast of the Cameroon Gulf of Guinea (GoG) comprises areas like the, Idenau beach, Mudeka/Tiko creeks, Limbe estuary and Douala Lagoon most of which are in the immediate vicinity of industrial zones, logging stations and an oil refinery. They serve as centres for recreational sailing, fin and shellfish fisheries and sinks for the disposal of wastes. The coastline of the Cameroon GoG is generally characterised by low salinity due to high rainfall and a dense river network, which supplies freshwater. The peak salinity values recorded during the dry and rainy seasons were 20 and 12 respectively. High levels of organic nutrients ranging from 825.92 to 1671.26 ppm were recorded. Various species of Phormidium, Heterocapsa, Rivularia, Trichodesmium , and Lyngbya were identified. Water management in Cameroon is threatened with extensive and persistent noxious occurrences of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) and they have had a significant impact on the utilization of aquatic resources. Blooms of Lyngbya have been incriminated in cases of severe dermatitis. Fish and shellfish consumers have also reported many acute cases of sudden abdominal cramps, headaches, vomits and diarrhoea. Recommendations are made and the need for systematic long-term research in collaboration with developed country scientists is elucidated. Keywords : GoG, HABs, HCBs, dry and rainy seasons, cyanobacteria, harmful, blooms > Tropical Freshwater Biology Vol. 15 2006: pp. 33-42

The creation of fishing port with a function of environmentally-friendly fishing grounds

This paper reviews the current situation of the fishing industry, including in the first instance aquacultures in the world as well as examining the studies related to the development of nature-friendly fishing ports. In addition, the integrated preparation strategies of the fishing port consistent from the increase in aquatic resources to processing and distribution will be discussed later, aiming at the sound development of the fishing industry and the security of sea food supply. Consequently, in the 21 st century a variety of environmentally-friendly fishing ports would appear in order to pursue a sustainable development and utilization of aquatic resources.

The Pleistocene-Holocene transition in northern Eurasia: Environmental changes and human adaptations

Abstract Following the establishment of Late Palaeolithic occupation during the Last Glacial Maximum, climate change and glacial recession led to the disintegration of the Late Palaeolithic cultures between 15,000 and 10,000 B.P. Extinction of mammoth and other megafauna forced humans to exploit other tundra and forest-tundra species, including enhanced utilization of aquatic resources. Northward migrations co-incided with the warm Bolling and Allerod events, but much of northern Eurasia remained occupied during the Younger Dryas. Late Glacial sites are commonly located on the crests of large parabolic dunes. Following the initiation of the Holocene, Mesolithic groups in the catchments of the Pripet and Neman occupied riverine sites during the summer, and more permanent winter dwelling in upland areas. In contrast, Mesolithic communities adjacent to the Baltic Sea occupied more permanent estuarine and lacustrine sites, marked by greater resources. During the Holocene Climatic Optimum, the increased biomass led to a marked intensification in foraging by all groups, the development of inter-group contacts, and the initiation of agriculture.