Utilization Of Alternative Materials Research Articles

Eksplorasi Material Alternatif dalam Pembuatan Puppet dan Set untuk Produksi Animasi Stop-Motion Berjudul “Junk Food”

Traditional stop-motion animated films have unique visual characteristics so that they have many fans, but the number of stop-motion filmmakers is actually very minimal. This is understandable because compared to other animation techniques that are done digitally, stop-motion seems impractical because it requires longer time, higher production costs, and more tools and materials. This paper discusses the exploration and utilization of alternative materials from well-known conventional materials in making puppets and sets for stop-motion animation. The alternative materials in question will use used goods, household inorganic waste, and other reusable materials while still paying attention to function and aesthetics so as to contribute to waste recycling. This is in line with the theme of the film “Junk Food” which raises the issue of environmental pollution, where the results of this research will be applied. This qualitative research is project-based and uses literature study, observation, and experiment methods to collect data. The results of this research are up to the stage of making 2 puppets and 2 sets to answer the problem of exploring alternative materials from used goods.
 Keywords: stop-motion animation, puppet, set, alternative materials

Emission reduction through preconstruction and utilization of alternative materials in infrastructure projects

Construction have a significant impact on the amount of emitted green-house gas (GHG) and a potential to cut emissions is quite substantial. In this article, possibilities provided by preconstruction activities and utilization of alternative materials are discussed. Preconstruction means actions to be taken in advance when soils in the construction area are too soft. These actions may be e.g. deep mixing, replacement or preloading. Considering that constructed subgrades, ground improvement and some other earth works required for the infrastructure project can be very energy-intensive, emissions can be reduced substantially only if preconstruction options, areal mass balance and potentiality of alternative materials are identified early enough. Examined case studies also focus on possibilities to reduce emissions related to certain materials e.g. deep mixing binding agents. In deep mixing, blend of cement and quick lime is the most traditional binder component. Therefore, reducing the amount of cement + lime and selecting the cement type have a great impact on CO2 emissions. Cement amount can be reduced by alternative materials such as fly ash, blast furnace slag or gypsum. Possibilities to reduce CO2 emissions were studied in various infrastructure projects and reflected to climate strategies. The studies were focused on areas and operations where changes were possible such as transportation, construction materials or subgrade construction methods. This article describes the case studies related to construction of various infrastructure projects and identified possibilities to reduce emissions.

Sustainable use of Industrial Wastes as Replacement for Fine and Coarse Aggregate in Production of Self Compacting Concrete – A State of the Art

From recent global research developments, lot of natural and artificial materials are coming from industries those are normally discarded or used as landfills are investigated for potential construction applications. There are different industry waste materials like steel slag, copper slag, electric furnace slag etc., which are used in various types of concretes such as conventional, geo-polymer self-compacting concretes. Now a day’s utilization of Self- Compacting Concrete (SCC) is increasing speedily because of its attractive characteristics like effective fresh, mechanical and durability properties and its large applications in construction. In addition to this, SCC materials are associated with sustainability issues. Necessity of SCC expected to continuously increases with increasing developments around the world. Therefore required an ideal solution and sustain technology; such as utilization of alternative materials. The present study explains application of industrial waste materials to replace fine and coarse aggregates in self-compacting concrete production. Also, effective limitations in using some of the waste materials as sustainable alternatives for coarse and fine aggregates have been mentioned. From this review, it is evident that factors like carbon emissions, energy for production and cost production of SCC can be notably decreased by incorporating of waste materials in place of fine and coarse aggregates in Self-Compacting Concrete.

Applications of Sustainable Materials in Concrete � A Short Review

Background/Objectives: Concrete is an inevitable material in construction industry. The major pollution from construction industry was reported from the production of materials like aggregates and cement. The material scarcity, supply-demand gap and environmental pollution insist the construction industry to find an alternative material for concrete matrix. The prime objective of this study is to review the past and recent research on the utilization of alternative materials in concrete production and its applications in construction industry. Materials and Methods: The abundant availability of recyclable waste materials like Construction and Demolition Wastes (C and DW) and industrial byproducts such as fly ash and slag increased the interest of the researchers towards application of these materials as an alternative source for cement and aggregate materials. Findings: Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) showed less strength performance than normal concrete. To attain the similar strength performance of normal concrete, some modifications in the RAC mix design is required. The durability performance was highly improved with the application of industrial by product materials in concrete. Application/Improvement: This study possibly will help to encourage the consumers and further promote the use of alternative materials for concrete production on a larger scale in civil engineering projects. Keywords: Concrete, Construction and Demolition Wastes, Fly Ash, Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Slag

Influence of Selected Grinding Specifications on the Fly Ash Granulometry

A variety of fine grained alternative materials are used in concrete composition, mainly as SCMs (Supplementary Cementitious Materials). Although the utilization of alternative materials in its natural form is preferred on account of energy saving, the global development of consumer society tends to enormous growing of wastes and to problems with disposal. That is why the necessity of their utilization, even at cost of higher processing, is mentioned increasingly. The rate of some wastes valorization can be improved in this way together with the benefit of better/new concrete parameters.Results of fineness treatment of fly ash for specific properties and utilization of concrete is presented in the paper. The commercial grinding in ball mill, as well as laboratory grinding in planetary ball mill, were practiced, while the variables were both, the grinding time (30, 45 and 60minutes, and 18, 30, 42 and 60minutes respectively) and application of grinding aids. The granulometry of samples was determined using the laser granulometer and analyzed in the terms of possible gain the extremely fine particles.

Utilization of alternative materials in lightweight composites

Abstract This paper reports on the possibility of using natural renewable materials (hemp fibers and wood cellulose) in the preparation of lightweight composites. The reduction of carbon dioxide production during the manufacture of cement is one of the major aims of the building industry. Therefore, the effect of using different binding agents in combination with hemp slices in composites was examined. Conventional binders (such as hydrated lime and cement) in hemp concrete were replaced by alternative materials such as MgO and zeolite. The experimental examination of selected mechanical properties indicated that using zeolite as a cement replacement does not appear to create mechanically stronger hemp concrete. On the other hand, the magnesium oxide-cement system, based on optimally milled magnesium oxide, appears to be a suitable replacement for cement in lightweight composites, which could lead to new environmental products such as non-load bearing building materials. Wood cellulose is another very interesting material as a possible reinforcement in cement; it is a biodegradable, renewable, inexpensive, readily available natural resource, and it contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases.

Reciclaje de escoria granulada de fundición (EGF) como sustitución de parte del cemento en hormigón

El reciclaje de residuos sólidos industriales se ha vuelto una práctica indispensable en la preservación de los recursos naturales, en la minimización de los costos y en la reducción del impacto ambiental. La utilización de materiales alternativos en la industria de la construcción civil es una práctica económicamente atractiva y ambientalmente correcta. Siendo así, el empleo de escorias como materia prima en carreteras, hormigón y cemento ya es una práctica corriente, en la cual, el destino más noble de estos materiales reciclables depende de la existencia de características adecuadas al uso propuesto. La escoria granulada de fundición (EGF) es un residuo generado en el proceso de fusión de chatarras de hierro fundido en horno cubilote. Estudios anteriores apuntaron que esta escoria, cuando es finamente molida, presenta buenas propiedades piroclásticas (de tipo pozzolana). Además, su estructura amorfa, resultante del proceso de generación a través del enfriamiento brusco y la composición química adecuada, permiten una aplicación más noble de este residuo, como sustituto del cemento. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el desempeño de hormigones con la utilización de escoria granulada de fundición como sustitución de parte del cemento, a través de la evaluación de sus propiedades mecánicas. Para ello fueron moldeados cuerpos de prueba de hormigón con diferentes combinaciones de tenores de sustitución de cemento por escoria granulada de fundición (10%, 30% y 50%), en volumen, y relaciones agua/aglomerante (0,40; 0,55 0,70), a ser comparadas con el hormigón de referencia (sin EGF). Para cada edad de hormigón (7, 28 y 91 días) se realizaron ensayos mecánicos, tales como la resistencia a la compresión uniaxial, resistencia a la tracción por compresión diametral y resistencia a la tracción en la flexión. Resultados muestran que la escoria granulada de fundición presenta adecuado desempeño (propiedades mecánicas) en relación a la aplicación propuesta.