Utilization Of 3D Printing Research Articles

State-of-the-art of mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete

The utilization of 3D printing in civil engineering has expedited the progression of intelligent construction and building industrialization. A plethora of studies in recent years have contributed to the advancement of 3D printed concrete technology. In contrast to traditional concrete construction techniques, 3D printed concrete technology offers additional benefits such as cost-effectiveness, reduced environmental impact, and a simpler process. The mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete are crucial for its application in building structures. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research endeavors in 3D printed concrete, covering both research and application. Firstly, this manuscript examines the size parameters and fabrication methods of the specimens utilized for mechanical performance tests. Subsequently, the mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete are described, and the effect of time-gap as a significant parameter on the performance of 3D printed concrete is discussed. Finally, the existing 3D printed concrete reinforcement technologies and their applications are summarized and categorized based on fibers and steel bars. Moreover, the key technical obstacles in the application of 3D printed concrete in building structures are identified. The ultimate objective of this article is to chart a course for the development and implementation of 3D printed concrete in building structures.

Mechanical, physical, and biological properties of polycaprolactone/ Mg-doped SrFe12O19 nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications

Nowadays, the utilization of 3D printing has become common in the construction of composite scaffolds. In this research, the co-precipitation method was applied to synthesize pure strontium hexaferrite oxide (SrFe12O19) and magnesium-doped strontium hexaferrite oxide nanoparticles (Mg–SrFe12O19). The synthesized SrFe12O19 nanoparticles had a spherical morphology with a mean size of 60 nm and magnetization (Ms) value of 54.38 emu/g. The Mg–SrFe12O19 also had a spherical morphology with a mean particle size of 46 nm and a magnetization value of 29.89 emu/g. The produced polycaprolactone composite scaffolds containing different amounts (0, 25, 50, and 75 wt%) of reinforcement were fabricated by the 3D robocasting printing method. Based on the results of the compression test, the 25 wt% addition of the pure SrFe12O19 nanoparticles to the polycaprolactone scaffold increased the compressive strength from 2.87 to 11.68 MPa compared to the 100 wt% pure polycaprolactone scaffold. Furthermore, the polycaprolactone nanocomposite scaffold containing 25 wt% Mg–SrFe12O19 also increased the compressive strength compared to the pure polycaprolactone scaffold to 12.94 MPa. Therefore, the 25 wt% reinforced scaffold was chosen as the optimal sample. The contact angles of the pure polycaprolactone SrFe12O19 and Mg– SrFe12O19 reinforced polycaprolactone scaffolds were 77.17, 68.53, and 35.58°, respectively. The values indicate the significant effect of doping magnesium on the wettability. The degradability of the 3D-printed scaffolds containing 25 wt% of the two different reinforcements was evaluated for 28 days immersing in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. The results revealed that the degradability was higher for the Mg–SrFe12O19 after 28 days compared to the composite scaffold reinforced by pure SrFe12O19 reinforcement. Moreover, it was shown that the bioactivity and cell adhesion of MG63 cells for the scaffolds reinforced by Mg–SrFe12O19 have increased in laboratory conditions. Based on the MTT test, it was observed that both of the scaffolds were non-toxic. The results obtained in this study, suggest that polycaprolactone nanocomposite scaffolds containing 25 wt% of Mg–SrFe12O19, made by the 3D robocasting printing method, are suitable for bone tissue engineering.

3D Printing in Craniofacial Surgery

In the last few decades, the utilization of 3D printing has transcended its niche status to become an indispensable tool in medicine, and its ability to swiftly produce intricate geometries, coupled with its cost-effectiveness, has propelled its adoption across multiple surgical specialties, including plastic, abdominal, and orthopedic surgery. Notably, in plastic surgery, 3D printing has revolutionized several facets of patient care, spanning from the creation of anatomical models for surgical planning and medical education to the fabrication of custom implants and molds and the creation of surgical guides. This review delves into the expansive landscape of 3D printing applications within plastic surgery, examining the diverse modalities and materials employed. By leveraging advancements in printing processes and materials, surgeons are empowered to refine established techniques and develop novel solutions tailored to individual patient needs. As the technology continues to mature, its impact on plastic surgery is poised to deepen, promising further enhancements in surgical precision, patient care, and functional and aesthetic outcomes. This review underscores the transformative potential of 3D printing in shaping the future landscape of plastic surgery, driving continuous improvement and innovation in the field.

Imiquimod nanocrystal-loaded dissolving microneedles prepared by DLP printing.

The utilization of 3D printing- digital light processing (DLP) technique, for the direct fabrication of microneedles encounters the problem of drug solubility in printing resin, especially if it is predominantly composed of water. The possible solution how to ensure ideal belonging of drug and water-based printing resin is its pre-formulation in nanosuspension such as nanocrystals. This study investigates the feasibility of this approach on a resin containing nanocrystals of imiquimod (IMQ), an active used in (pre)cancerous skin conditions, well known for its problematic solubility and bioavailability. The resin blend of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate as a photoinitiator, was used, mixed with IMQ nanocrystals in water. The final microneedle-patches had 36 cylindrical microneedles arranged in a square grid, measuring approximately 600μm in height and 500μm in diameter. They contained 5wt% IMQ, which is equivalent to a commercially available cream. The homogeneity of IMQ distribution in the matrix was higher for nanocrystals compared to usual crystalline form. The release of IMQ from the patches was determined ex vivo in natural skin and revealed a 48% increase in efficacy for nanocrystal formulations compared to the crystalline form of IMQ.

Chitosan/MWCNTs nanocomposite coating on 3D printed scaffold of poly 3-hydroxybutyrate/magnetic mesoporous bioactive glass: A new approach for bone regeneration

The utilization of 3D printing has become increasingly common in the construction of composite scaffolds. In this study, magnetic mesoporous bioactive glass (MMBG) was incorporated into polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to construct extrusion-based 3D printed scaffold. After fabrication of the PHB/MMBG composite scaffolds, they were coated with chitosan (Cs) and chitosan/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Cs/MWCNTs) solutions utilizing deep coating method. FTIR was conducted to confirm the presence of Cs and MWCNTs on the scaffolds' surface. The findings of mechanical analysis illustrated that presence of Cs/MWCNTs on the composite scaffolds increases compressive young modulus significantly, from 16.5 to 42.2 MPa. According to hydrophilicity evaluation, not only MMBG led to decrease the contact angle of pure PHB but also scaffolds surface modification utilization of Cs and MWCNTs, the contact angle decreased significantly from 82.34° to 54.15°. Furthermore, investigation of cell viability, cell metabolism and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) proved that the scaffolds not only do not stimulate the immune system, but also polarize macrophage cells from M1 phase to M2 phase. The present study highlights the suitability of 3D printed scaffold PHB/MMBG with Cs/MWCNTs coating for bone tissue engineering.

The utilization of 3D printing in surgery as an innovative approach to preoperative planning.

3D printing, a concept over 40 years old, is finding broader application in clinical practice thanks to technological advancements. At University Hospital Ostrava, 3D printing is utilized to create anatomically accurate models of specific patients before surgical procedures based on imaging data. 3D printing is employed as a complement to conventional imaging methods to produce morphologically precise models of anatomical structures of individual patients. These models primarily serve for preoperative planning in elective abdominal, vascular, and thoracic surgery. They are also used in planning osteosynthesis of complex fractures and corrective osteotomies. Multicolor printing, although increasing the process's time demands, allows better clarity and differentiation of individual anatomical structures within a single model. Compared to 2D images, 3D models provide better spatial orientation and awareness of the operated structures, contributing to improved surgical outcomes. The benefits of 3D printing in preoperative planning and patient education are confirmed by studies across the fields ranging from cardiac surgery to traumatology. After overcoming initial challenges, 3D printing has become a reliable component of the surgical arsenal at University Hospital Ostrava for elective surgery. While 3D printing does not represent a universal answer to all medical challenges, its role is highly beneficial and promising in many indicated cases.

Additive Manufacturing of Thermoelectric Microdevices for 4D Thermometry.

Thermometry, the process of measuring temperature, is one of the most fundamental tasks not only for understanding the thermodynamics of basic physical, chemical, and biological processes but also for thermal management of microelectronics. However, it is a challenge to acquire microscale temperature fields in both space and time. Here, a 3D printed micro-thermoelectric device that enables direct 4D (3D Space + Time) thermometry at the microscale is reported. The device is composed of freestanding thermocouple probe networks, fabricated by bi-metal 3D printing with an outstanding spatial resolution of a few µm. It shows that the developed 4D thermometry can explore dynamics of Joule heating or evaporative cooling on microscale subjects of interest such as a microelectrode or a water meniscus. The utilization of 3D printing further opens up the possibility to freely realize a wide range of on-chip, freestanding microsensors or microelectronic devices without the design restrictions by manufacturing processes.

Revolutionary Advances: Exploring the Applications of 3D Printing in Dentistry

3D printing technology has emerged as a transformative force in the field of dentistry, offering unprecedented advancements in precision, customization, and patient care. This evidence-based article explores the impact of 3D printing in dentistry, supported by recent studies and research. The utilization of 3D printing has led to superior precision in the fabrication of dental prosthetics, customized patient-specific care, and improved surgical planning through the creation of guides. Furthermore, advancements in material science have ensured the biocompatibility and durability of 3D printed dental materials. While promising, challenges such as regulatory standards, material safety, and cost-effectiveness warrant consideration. The evidence presented underscores the potential of 3D printing to revolutionize the field of dentistry, offering a glimpse into a future defined by personalized, efficient, and effective dental treatments.

3D printing: Innovative solutions for patients and pharmaceutical industry

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology with great potential in pharmaceutical applications, providing innovative solutions for both patients and pharmaceutical industry. This technology offers precise construction of the structure of dosage forms and can benefit drug product design by providing versatile release modes to meet clinical needs and facilitating patient-centric treatment, such as personalized dosing, accommodate treatment of specific disease states or patient populations. Utilization of 3D printing also facilitates digital drug product development and manufacturing. Development of 3D printing at early clinical stages and commercial scale pharmaceutical manufacturing has substantially advanced in recent years. In this review, we discuss how 3D printing accelerates early-stage drug development, including pre-clinical research and early phase human studies, and facilitates late-stage product manufacturing as well as how the technology can benefit patients. The advantages, current status, and challenges of employing 3D printing in large scale manufacturing and personalized dosing are introduced respectively. The considerations and efforts of regulatory agencies to address 3D printing technology are also discussed.

A review on 3D printing in tissue engineering applications

Abstract In tissue engineering, 3D printing is an important tool that uses biocompatible materials, cells, and supporting components to fabricate complex 3D printed constructs. This review focuses on the cytocompatibility characteristics of 3D printed constructs, made from different synthetic and natural materials. From the overview of this article, inkjet and extrusion-based 3D printing are widely used methods for fabricating 3D printed scaffolds for tissue engineering. This review highlights that scaffold prepared by both inkjet and extrusion-based 3D printing techniques showed significant impact on cell adherence, proliferation, and differentiation as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo studies. 3D printed constructs with growth factors (FGF-2, TGF-β1, or FGF-2/TGF-β1) enhance extracellular matrix (ECM), collagen I content, and high glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content for cell growth and bone formation. Similarly, the utilization of 3D printing in other tissue engineering applications cannot be belittled. In conclusion, it would be interesting to combine different 3D printing techniques to fabricate future 3D printed constructs for several tissue engineering applications.

Biomaterials – Novel Advances in Nasal Medical Implants, 3D Printing Applications

The scope and applications of biomaterials have spread out throughout a broad spectrum. Particularly in pharmacy, biomaterials are an attractive choice because they can be modified to decrease toxicity, increase the targeting ability among many other aspects of drug delivery. Extensive studies have led to the development of many metal-based, ceramic, biocompatible and biodegradable biomaterials for medical purposes among many others. The utilization of 3D printing in this discipline is a very novel research subject with infinite potential. Personalized and customized nasal implants are a great option to increase patient compliance and 3D printed accurate anatomical structures are rendered to be effective tools of learning. One of the disadvantages of biomaterial-based implants is the formation of a thick fibrous capsule formation around the implant, others being breakage, soft tissue loss and so on. Regulatory aspects are less explored for nasal implants. 3D printing is a unique technique that allows for a high degree of customisation in pharmacy, dentistry and in designing of medical devices. Current research in 3D printing indicates towards reproducing an organ in the form of a chip; paving the way for more studies and opportunities to perfecting the existing technique.

Utilization of 3D Printing in Replacement of Basic Plastic Workpieces

In the experiment, a 3D printed cogwheel is made using the FDM technology to replace a broken part in a sewing machine. The aim of the project is to examine if a 3D model can be created and manufactured using only entry-level technical knowledge and tools. By the end of the article, it will be apparent that creating functioning plastic parts with a hobby 3D printer and basic CAD experience is very much possible.

Advanced Technology in Construction: 3D Printing and Its Potential in Civil Engineering

The construction industry has been witnessing a significant transformation in recent years with the advent of advanced technologies. One such technology that has gained considerable attention is 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing. This innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize the field of civil engineering by enabling the rapid and cost-effective construction of complex structures. This abstract explores the applications, benefits, and challenges associated with 3D printing in civil engineering.The utilization of 3D printing in civil engineering offers numerous advantages over traditional construction methods. Firstly, it enables the fabrication of intricate designs that were previously deemed difficult or impossible to achieve. The layer-by-layer deposition of materials allows for the creation of highly customized components, resulting in improved structural efficiency. Additionally, 3D printing significantly reduces material wastage as it only uses the exact amount of material required for construction, thereby promoting sustainability and minimizing environmental impact. Moreover, this technology provides enhanced construction speed and cost-effectiveness, enabling the completion of projects in shorter timeframes and reducing labor costs.

The Production Possibility of the Antimicrobial Filaments by Co-Extrusion of the PLA Pellet with Chitosan Powder for FDM 3D Printing Technology.

The last decades have witnessed a major advancement and development in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. In the future, the trend’s utilization of 3D printing is expected to play an important role in the biomedical field. This work presents co-extrusion of the polylactic acid (PLA), its derivatives (sPLA), and chitosan with the aim of achieving filaments for printing 3D objects, such as biomedical tools or implants. The physicochemical and antimicrobial properties were evaluated using SEM, FT-IR, DSC, instrumental mechanical test, and based on the ASTM E2149 standard, respectively. The addition of chitosan in the PLA and sPLA filaments increased their porosity and decreased density. The FT-IR analysis showed that PLA and chitosan only formed a physical mixture after extrusion. The addition of chitosan caused deterioration of the mechanical properties of filaments, especially elongation at break and Young’s modulus. The addition of chitosan to the filaments improved their ability to crystallize and provide their antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

3D Printing of Smart Gels

Various kind of gel materials for example tough double network hydrogels [1], shape memory hydrogels [2] and ionic gels [3] have been developed with potential in numerous sectors. The transparent, flexible and low friction properties of these gels have added different prospects in scientific and technological areas. Utilization of 3D printing in fabrication of gel materials is still in its infancy and thus hindering rapid prototyping and design freedom. In this work, we have fabricated smart gels like thermos-responsive gels and conductive gels etc. using both customized optical gel 3D printers named SWIM-ER and commercial printer named Acculas. This process of 3D printing enabled rapid and moldless fabrication of smart gels with variety of 3D design from macro to micro scale. Robust thermos-responsive Poly (dimethyl acrylamide-co-stearyl acrylate and/or Lauryl Acrylate) (PDMMAm-co-SA and/or LA)-based shape memory gels (SMGs) with tunable mechanical, thermal, swelling, and optical properties are obtained by optimizing their critical conditions during 3d printing. The superior physiochemical properties of such smart gels widen the range of applications for soft robotics, biomedicine, flexible electronics, mimicking organ structure, bioinspired lens and sensing applications. References Gong, J. P., Katsuyama, Y., Kurokawa, T., Osada, Y., “Double-Network Hydrogels with Extremely High Mechanical Strength,” Adv. Mater., 15, 1155-1158 (2003).Kabir, M.H., Ahmed, K. Furukawa, H., Microelectron. Eng. 150, 43–46 (2016).Ahmed, K., Watanabe, Y., Higashihara, T. Arafune, H. Kamijo, T., Morinaga, T. Sato, T., Makino, M. Kawakami, M., Furukawa, H. Microsyst Technol 22, 17 (2016).

영상제작 도구로서의 3D 프린터 창의적 활용 사례 연구

3D 프린터가 개발되고 이를 제조, 의료, 항공우주 등의 다른 여러 분야에서 활용한 지는 오래되었지만 영상분야에서의 활용은 최근에 이르러서야 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 대부분의 경우에 3D 프린팅 도입의 성과는 그 효율성에 두고 있지만 영상분야에서는 조금 다른 양상을 보이고 있다. 그 사례를 살펴보면 첫 번째로 극장용 스톱모션 애니메이션에서 3D 프린터를 도입하여 얼굴의 표현력을 향상시킬 수 있었고, 두 번째로 저 품질 FDM 출력물의 등고선 같은 표면의 질감과 후 가공 흔적을 새로운 표현기법으로 활용하였다. 또, 세 번째로 회전 요지경을 컴퓨터 애니메이션으로 제작하고 이를 3D 프린터로 출력함으로써 전에 비해 매우 복잡하고 세밀한 움직임을 가능하게 하여 창작자에게 표현의 가능성을 넓혀 주었으며, 네 번째로 블록버스터 영화에서 소품 디자이너들의 창의적인 생각을 최대한 빠르고 정확하게 실현하여 창의력의 손실을 줄여주는 것이다. 이를 통해서 영상분야에 주로 사용되는 3D 프린터는 색상의 표현이 자유로운 CJP 방식과 거친 결이 보여주는 독특한 느낌의 FDM, 그리고 소품 제작에 적합한 SLA 방식이 주를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 앞선 사례를 통해서 볼 때, 영상분야에서 3D 프린터를 도입한 효과의 가장 큰 특징은 3D 프린터를 창의적으로 활용한다는 것이다. 이는 흔히 3D프린터를 도입에서 기대하는 효과와는 다른 것이다. 게다가 이들 창의적 활용에 영향을 받은 후속 작들이 계속 등장하고 있다는 점으로 미루어 앞으로 영상분야에서는 3D 프린터를 활발히 도입할 것으로 보이며, 또 다른 창의적인 효과가 기대되는 매우 긍정적인 방향이라고 할 수 있다. 하드웨어 제조에 치중하거나 결과물의 품질에 대한 불만으로 막연히 관망하기 보다는 창의적인 활용으로 좀 더 관심을 돌렸으면 하는 바람이다.

3D 프린팅의 교육적 활용 방안 연구 : 창의적 디자인 모델 기반 수업

3D 프린팅의 교육적 활용 방안 연구 : 창의적 디자인 모델 기반 수업