Utilitarian Way Research Articles

Abordagens Somáticas na Formação em Dança: da secura do fundo ao currículo como cartografia

Abstract: This article analyzes the relationships and contributions of somatic practices in the training in dance, in higher education context, based on a study between Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro. The main reflections will be presented, which emphasize the actual concept of Somatics and its possibilities of articulation in the teaching of dance in higher education. In our research, a coexistence of the fields is presented based on two main possibilities: the dryness of the background - Godard’s (2006) concept, which would characterize a request from Somatics in a punctual or utilitarian way -; and another, in which the interaction takes place in such a way that the whole gear of teaching and learning is modified.

FEMALE CONSUMPTION DRIVERS ASSOCIATED WITH RIDE-HAILING IN BRAZILIAN CAPITALS

The study proposed an explanatory model of female consumption behavior associated with ride-hailing in Brazil. 2176 interviews were carried out in representative capitals of the five regions of the country, allowing to point out that the use takes place in a utilitarian way with support provided by technological facilitators, evidencing the concern of women with physical and/or psychological violence. The results represent a theoretical advance by revealing the commutability of variables according to the reasons for use and the period of travel, which change the order and degree of importance of the decision-making inductors, indicating that in leisure situations or social obligations in the night, increases the level of relevance of variables related to forms of harassment and self-preservation. Interchangeable behavior is formed by the perception of influence variables associated with reasons for use and time of day and represents a distinctive understanding in understanding the topic.

Tailoring the Surface of Natural Graphite with Functional Metal Oxides via Facile Crystallization for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Graphite is the most popular anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high reversibility and stable cycling performance. With the rapid growth of the global electric vehicle (EV) market, it has become necessary to improve the quick-charge performance of graphite to reduce the charging time of LIBs. Therefore, from a structural viewpoint, it is crucial to control interfacial reactions and stabilize the surface of graphite to improve the sluggish interfacial kinetics. Herein, we propose a facile approach for integrating functional metal oxides on the surface of natural graphite (NG) via a surface-coating technique in combination with a facile-crystallization process. The functionality of the metal oxides, i.e., MoO2 and Fe3O4, on the surface of NG was thoroughly investigated based on various structural and electrochemical analyses. The results demonstrate that the metal oxides play critical roles in stabilizing the surface of NG and facilitating faster Li+ migration at the interface between NG and the electrolyte during cycling. In particular, the full cell configured with the c-Fe3O4-NG anode shows remarkably improved charging behavior (3 C charging-1 C discharging) without any significant loss of reversible capacity during 300 cycles. This study has conclusively established that tailoring the surface of NG with functional metal oxides would be a utilitarian way to improve the charging capability of NG. We are confident that the study results would provide utilitarian insights into the development of advanced LIBs for successful implementation in EV applications in the future.

Towards an ethical horticulture: natural and social values as a productive direction

In recent years, the world has suffered an exaggerated and disproportionate exploitation of natural resources that directly affects people's lives both now and in the future. This utilitarian way of understanding the environment also extends to our society, which is becoming dehumanized, producing the so-called social exclusion. Horticulture, as the basis of food production for humanity, also has a notable influence on the Earth ecosystem, in its environmental and social perspective. Depending on the approach we take to horticulture, we can either relate appropriately to our environment or, on the other hand, cause environmental damage and, therefore, social damage. The values behind the horticultural activity will be decisive when it comes to achieving an environmentally harmful horticulture or a horticulture aligned with the natural and social cycles and processes: this is what is called ethical horticulture which includes sustainable principles based on ecological and social criteria.

Марксизм как альтернативный проект внутри секуляризованного протестантизма

The article views the problem of Marxist heritage from the standpoint of social Christianity. The authors urge to overcome the stereotype of considering Marxism as a conceptual and ideological antithesis to liberalism. The authors consider it practicable and imperative that Marxism should be viewed as a socio-philosoph­ical trend that had arisen within the framework of secularised Protestantism or cultural Protestantism. It can be considered more moderate than secular Protestant fundamentalism, whose political and economic ideology is based on liberalism. Having emerged in the cultural and intellectual field of the European Reformation and as its partial negation, Marxism can be described as a critical commentary on it. The goal of Marxism is to combine biblical (Abrahamic) values with the prot­estant values of Progress understood in a utilitarian way, thereby rejecting histor­ical religions. According to the authors, the Marxism program was afflicted by in­ternal contradictions and was therefore doomed to failure. The authors go on to declare the historical inevitability of the collapse of liberal capitalism and to jus­tify his position from the standpoint of social Christianity.

The Concept of “Public Health” – A Critical Assessment

The article discusses the fundamental differences between an orientation towards individual health and the concept of health on which public health systems are built. It is shown that health in its original sense, as the “virtue of the body” (Aristotle), has to be understood as the ability to realize purposes in the actions of individuals. In public healthcare on the other hand, “health” has always been conceived as a public good and as an expression of certain public interests, a conception which does not have to be consistent with the interests of the individual in any way. “Public health” is normally designed in a utilitarian way and can be highly susceptible to ideology. In extreme cases the individual becomes subject to a “health obligation” which is to be rejected on legal, philosophical and ethical grounds. In place of a “scientific” medicine that reduces people to a statistical magnitude, a self-understanding of medicine should be restored which defines “health” from the point of view of the task of enabling real interpersonality in the space of the empirical existence of individuals self-determined as free.

O zakopiańskich rezydentkach

The residents of Zakopane are the group of permanent inhabitants who were not born in the Podhale region, but it was their choice to connect themselves to it. The formation of this group is the result of the social-demographic changes in the Tatra mountains at the beginning of the 20th century and in the interwar period. It is a group that is diversified and therefore difficult to define. It figures as a link between the highlanders who are ingrained into the space of Podhale and those who treat it in a pragmatic and utilitarian way. The residents constitute the cultural phenomenon present in literary works as well as in the cultural life of Zakopane during the end of 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The main subject of the article is a portrayal of the residents — historical figures and literary heroines — taking into account their functions in the society of Zakopane of those times: the groups which have been highlighted are schoolgirls, the women who provide accommodation to the tourists, and the organizers of literary saloons.

A construal-level approach to hedonic and utilitarian shopping orientation

Several studies in consumer behavior have focused on consumers’ shopping orientation in terms of hedonic and utilitarian shopping. The present research advances a different perspective examining hedonic and utilitarian shopping orientations with the theoretical lenses of construal-level theory. Results from two studies indicate that hedonism relates to higher and utilitarianism to lower construal levels (Study 1). Consequently, individuals tend to prefer desirability-related options when shopping hedonically, and feasibility-related options when shopping in a utilitarian way (Study 2). The findings further show a moderating effect of construal level on the relationship between shopping orientation and choice, consistent with construal-level theory.

Social decision for a measure society

Preference aggregation is here investigated for a society defined as a measure space of individuals and called a measure society. Individual preferences are represented through continuous vnm utilities. It is shown that aggregating preferences in an utilitarian way for any kind of measure society is possible under adapted Pareto conditions.

NEW CONCEPTS FOR TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIES FOR INTERIOR DESIGN VOCABULARY AS ONE OF THE PILLARS OF THE EGYPTIAN ECONOMY: A STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIES

Despite the multiplicity of negatives that have appeared in the Egyptian society, such as the increase in population, widespread unemployment, and the insufficient national income per capita ... etc. However, we possess at the same time the elements of exclusivity to eliminate these negatives, and we only need to achieve a flexible and sophisticated strategy to manage traditional industries, including the manufacture of interior design elements and furniture. We can research the importance of the following points:1- Reaching new creative design treatments in interior design and furniture that have the ability to meet future changes. 2- Opening new horizons to benefit from local natural raw materials while contributing to the service of the environment and by disposing of wood and tree waste in a utilitarian way without harming the environment and establishing the spirit of teamwork, cooperation and family bonding within Egyptian societies and eliminating the negatives of unemployment, while finding serious solutions to raise family income in accordance with to number its members according to the principle (everyone produces and finds compensation). 3- Contributing to the re-spread of small and medium letters to support Egyptian industries while finding a product that is able to compete for science.

Urgent decision-making in extreme circumstances: Associations with cognitive reflection and with responses to moral dilemmas

Foi proposto que a tomada de decisões urgentes em circunstâncias extremas pode ser baseada em dois tipos de processamento de informações: afetivo e racional. Como o modelo de decisões urgentes é recente, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar suas características e relações com variáveis relevantes. Utilizamos uma amostra intencional de 416 estudantes universitários de uma academia militar. Os resultados mostraram que a tomada de decisões urgentes em circunstâncias extremas está relacionada a preferências gerais por intuição ou deliberação, reflexão cognitiva e reação a dilemas morais pessoal altamente conflituosos. Notavelmente, a tomada de decisão urgente baseada na racionalidade foi positivamente associada à reflexão cognitiva e a uma forma utilitária de resolver dilemas morais pessoais de alto conflito. Além disso, tanto a tomada de decisões urgentes, tanto racionais como afetivas/emocionais, foram associadas à percepção da dificuldade em resolver dilemas morais pessoais de alto-conflito. O modelo de juízos urgentes em circunstâncias extremas pode ser útil porque contribui para descrever o perfil cognitivo e decisório óptimo para a seleção de recursos humanos em atividades que envolvem enfrentar contextos de alta incerteza onde a tomada de decisões rápidas é necessária, tais como tarefas realizadas por profissionais de resgate ou pessoal de combate.

(Re)inventando a relação matemática e arte: exercícios de pensamento, exercícios de olhar

O objetivo desse artigo é indagar sobre práticas matemáticas junto à arte e ao cotidiano. Para tanto, recorre-se a uma formação de professores realizada sob a forma de oficinas, cujo propósito foi relacionar matemática e arte por meio de imagens de pinturas. Entre a problematização sobre matemática e arte, as seguintes perguntas foram lançadas: “Ao olhar para as imagens, alguma coisa da arte lhes remete à matemática? Ou, ao contrário, a matemática remete à arte?”. Ao colocar as respostas dos professores sobre a mesa, a estratégia que adotamos não está em refletir ou compreender sobre como professores pensam ou propõem relacionar a matemática com a arte para melhor ensinar em suas salas de aula, nem mesmo propor a eles novas estratégias de ensino. Mas, antes, levantar dúvidas e outras questões acerca dos modos de relacionar a matemática com a arte. Disso evidenciou-se que: a relação tem sido compreendida por discursos do fazer prático, utilitário e cotidiano para ensinar matemática; que as práticas de ensino produzem, silenciosamente, modos de existir, de acreditar, de construir mundos, que são engendradas por uma concepção representacional entre matemática e arte. Em outra direção, problematiza-se uma relação que toma a arte e matemática como lugares potentes para propor exercícios de pensamentos.

Resistance training and daily work routine: meanings attributed to body pain in the case of a fitness center in Rio de Janeiro

This article is part of an ethnographic research survey conducted over the course of a year in the resistance training sector of a fitness center located in a suburb of the city of Rio de Janeiro, the athletes of which have a low income status, and the majority of whom have professional occupations or jobs that involve a high threshold of physical effort. From the anthropological standpoint of symbolic interactionism, the main objective was to analyze how the "limits" of pain of the body related in a symbolic way to the resistance training in the fitness center and the physical efforts demanded in their professional occupations or jobs. The analysis of the observations indicated that these students perceived the body in an instrumental and utilitarian way when relating the pain of physical exercise to their daily work routines. Thus, the relationship between work and physical activities in the representations of the body "limits" of these subjects expressed through pain is implicit. These data are relevant to think about health interventions and practices in the field of Public Health.

Investigation on laser plasma instability of the outer ring beams on SGIII laser facility

In order to study the laser plasma instabilities (LPIs) in the context of some novel six-side laser-driven indirect designs like the six-cylinder-port hohlraum and the three-axis cylindrical hohlraum, where the laser beams inject in hohlraum with a large angle. LPI experiments in cylindrical hohlraum with only outer beams were designed and performed based on the current laser arrangement condition of SGIII laser facility for the first time. Stimulated Brillouin backscatter (SBS) was found to be the dominant instability with high instantaneous reflectivity in experiments. A typical feature was obtained in the time-resolved spectra of SBS, which maintained similar for different laser intensities of the interaction beam. The experimental data are analyzed by the hydrodynamic simulations combined with HLIP code, which is based on the ray-tracing model. By analysis of experimental data, it is argued that the mixture of gas and Au in the region of their interface is important to SBS, which indicates the need for the mixture model between the filled gas and the high Z plasma from hohlraum wall in the hydrodynamic simulations. Nonlinear saturation of SBS as well as the smoothed beam are also discussed here. Our effective considerations of the ions pervasion effect and the smoothed beam provide utilitarian ways for improvement of the current ray-tracing method.

To teach and not to shock. The Czech Brethren’s and Lutherans’ theatre in Leszno as an educational tool - casus of the drama Susanna, ex Danielis 13, tragoedia (1646)

The school theatre in a Protestant gymnasium in Leszno bloomed between 1639 and 1656 thanks to, amongst others, Jan Amos Komenski. One of the plays staged there was a drama Susanna, ex Danielis 13, tragoedia (1646) probably written by Jan Jerzy Szlichtyng who used the virtuous Susanna’s theme from the Bible in an original and yet utilitarian way. The author reduced theological and moral content, present in other adaptations of this theme, in order to focus on showing the stages of court proceedings in Poland, so the young actors – Lesnaeum students – had a chance of gaining some valuable knowledge about the law and practice the useful court rthetoric in Latin. The first act of the play, being an introduction to the main theme of the play (law and rhetoric in court) was taken by Szlichtyng (?) from a neolatin drama of Nikodem Frischlin, namely Susanna comoedia nova (1577). The comparative analysis of the original and the 17th century’s adaptation leads to a conclusion about the decorum of manners in the Protestant gymnasium. The Polish author removed not only the sexual abuse thread – Susanna strongly molested by the elders and forced to prostitution – but also passages from Frischlin regarding the use of rhetoric in ars amandi, as well as the heroine’s tirades proving her intelligence and scriptural erudition. As a result, the elders’ image has been a little whitewashed and Susanna appears solely as a chaste and noble wife. Such a representation of the heroine – honest but not too sophisticated – and elders – cunning but not too lecherous – was in a harmony with the 17th century’s cultural conventionalities unfamiliar with mulier docta and demanding that youth respects the elderly.

Dostlar ve Hizipler Üzerine: Shakespeare’in Tarih Oyunları

In the Late Elizabethan Period, factionalism complicated the notion of, especially, male friendship. The scarcity of financial resources of the royal patronage, the arbitrary distribution of favours, and bottom-up pressures of patronees further problematized a healthy relationship among patrons and patronees and among friends. The horizontal and vertical social relations were to be conducted within theatricality; by performing a certain social role, while keeping one’s real ideas as confidential as possible. Deception and hypocrisy were necessary in order to survive verbal and non-verbal means of factionalism, which targeted, especially one’s reputation. This, however, problematized the perception of the reality of social behaviour. Friendship should be about sincerity. Yet, that sincerity was usually nonexistent in the overall pattern of Late Elizabethan theatrical behaviour that lacked demarcated lines between essence and appearance in a clear-cut way. Published or unpublished examples of advice literature, therefore, urged a thorough analysis of the behaviours of friends to instrumentalise them in utilitarian ways. One ought to be careful in choosing friends, who should both give support and provide advice. One should also be careful in rejecting double-dealers and flatterers. The problems to meet practice and theory led to many shifts of allegiance, double-dealings, and the lack to differentiate between advice and flattery. In Shakespeare’s Elizabethan history plays, the reign of King John, the Hundred Years War, and the Wars of the Roses found in chronicles provided several conflicting sets of values about the notions of friendships that were adapted to contemporary phenomena in the Post-Armada Period. Whether seen as plays or read in quarto versions, the plays reinforced the perception of friendship as performance liable to be a matter of appearance rather than essence. Therefore, this article will analyse the notions of friendships in the Late Elizabethan Period in Shakespeare’s history plays and illustrate how factionalism problematized those notions.

Um menino no mundo

O presente trabalho é fruto de encontros com o Cinema, na Disciplina de Atividades Culturais, componente curricular do curso de formação de professores da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal Fluminense. O objetivo consistiu em produzir Experiências Estéticas com as imagens-movimento da linguagem cinematográfica, para além das usuais formas didatizantes e utilitaristas de exemplificar conteúdos disciplinares. Apostamos na potência das imagens-movimento se constituírem Imagens-afecção, dispositivo estético acionador de relações entre pensamento e linguagem, de modo a contribuir para uma pausa no tempo, possibilitando tempo para olharmos, com mais cuidado, as condições existenciais históricamente constituídas no mundo contemporâneo. Enfim, foi através do cinema como dispositivo sócio analítico e recurso metodológico na formação de estudantes de graduação em licenciaturas, que resultou esse artigo. A produção escolhida é um longa metragem de animação cuja história se desvela sob o olhar de uma criança diante da descoberta de um mundo contaminado pelas adversidades produzidas pelo contexto capitalista. Como suporte teórico nos debruçamos em autores que analisam o modelo político e socioeconômico capitalista e seus efeitos sobre a condição humana. Através de O Menino e o mundo, aluna e professora, procuram travar conversações a respeito de suas concepções acerca do campo educacional, do mundo do trabalho, do consumismo e da alienação decorrente dos atuais modos de produção. Vale enfatizar que o artigo em si, é resultante da abordagem metodológica da disciplina.

Youth, social class and privilege in the antipodes: Towards a new research agenda for youth sociology

In recent decades, youth sociology in the antipodes has paid inadequate attention to social class and the question of privilege. We critique narrow and utilitarian ways that social class has been analysed in the antipodes, arguing that the primary focus on the marginalised has overlooked the significance of privilege in perpetuating and maintaining social reproduction. While there is some evidence of a growing interest in the subjective experiences of class, we propose a new research agenda for youth sociology in the antipodes which includes a much more explicit focus on class and approaches that recognise its complex, longitudinal and intersectional nature, and its relationship with privilege. As an example of how such a research agenda could be developed, we conclude by drawing upon the work of Pierre Bourdieu to show how his theoretical tools can provide deeper insights into how privilege operates through institutional and intergenerational processes

Berlin 2.0 in the German Language Classroom: Revisiting the 21st‐Century City by Discussing Gentrification

A short review of first‐ and second‐year German instructional material in the U.S. shows that, by design, cultural competence is either frequently conveyed in isolation from other language skills, or culture topics are approached merely in a utilitarian way to test comprehension or practice grammar. The contribution at hand presents a multi‐modal, documentary‐based lesson design on gentrification in Berlin. Students are encouraged to creatively employ their language skills to asses, interpret, and respond to information conveyed in the documentary film and develop intercultural empathy for a contemporary social justice issue in Germany.

Human Decisions in Moral Dilemmas are Largely Described by Utilitarianism: Virtual Car Driving Study Provides Guidelines for Autonomous Driving Vehicles.

Ethical thought experiments such as the trolley dilemma have been investigated extensively in the past, showing that humans act in utilitarian ways, trying to cause as little overall damage as possible. These trolley dilemmas have gained renewed attention over the past few years, especially due to the necessity of implementing moral decisions in autonomous driving vehicles (ADVs). We conducted a set of experiments in which participants experienced modified trolley dilemmas as drivers in virtual reality environments. Participants had to make decisions between driving in one of two lanes where different obstacles came into view. Eventually, the participants had to decide which of the objects they would crash into. Obstacles included a variety of human-like avatars of different ages and group sizes. Furthermore, the influence of sidewalks as potential safe harbors and a condition implicating self-sacrifice were tested. Results showed that participants, in general, decided in a utilitarian manner, sparing the highest number of avatars possible with a limited influence by the other variables. Derived from these findings, which are in line with the utilitarian approach in moral decision making, it will be argued for an obligatory ethics setting implemented in ADVs.