Uterine Bleeding In Postmenopausal Women Research Articles

STUDY TO CORRELATE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS WITH ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS EVALUATED BY TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY IN POST MENOPAUSAL BLEEDING

almost ninety percent of post-menopausal females with endometrial cancer report a vaginal bleeding experience. Objectives: To nd correlation of radiological and histopathological ndings so that early evaluation of malignancy can be done. Materials And Methods: The Present Study included 50 Patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women, aged between 45-70 years. All patients were subjected to transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the endometrium and the results were correlated to the histopathological picture of the endometrium after curettage in an attempt to discriminate normal endometrium from abnormal pathological patterns. Results And Analysis: Thirteen patients (26%) had pathological ndings. There was signicant difference in the mean endometrial thickness of nonpathological and abnormal endometrium in postmenopausal patients with P value <0.001**. Among the thirteen patients with pathological ndings eight had endometrial hyperplasia, two had polyp and three had malignancies. Conclusions: It may be concluded that vaginal sonographic measurement of endometrial thickness is an acceptable less invasive alternative to hysteroscopy and D & C and needs to be popularized as rst line investigation in the management of Postmenopausal bleeding in rural population

Ultrasound Measurement of Endometrial Thickness for Detecting Endometrial Malignancy with Uterine Bleeding in Postmenopausal Women- A Systematic Review

Background: Post-menopausal Bleeding is extremely doubtful of existence a mark intended for incidence of EC as well as around 5% to 12% of post-menopausal bleeding consequences commencing endometrial cancer. EC is greatest communal Gynecologic Malignancy into established countries. Thin endometrium (≤4 mm) devours precise high NPV (99%). Thickened Endometrium has been considered by way of sign intended for an offensive assessment. Aim: To determine the ET measurement for detecting endometrial malignancy with uterine bleeding in post-menopausal females. Methods: The search was led according to Systematic Reviews Ethics. Searched databases were: Google scholar and Web Research from January 2014 and November 2020. Around nine studies were designated for this Systemic Review. We mined subsequent facts: Design of study, mean age and range, menopause duration, range and mean, BMI range and mean, as well as ET range and mean. Conclusion: From beyond examination this review concluded that, the Endometrial Thickness among the suggested alteration in cut off 3-5 mm within repetitive ultrasound practice must be ended in elevation threat females identify for malignancy before in Postmenopausal females as well as ultrasound is attested chosen a convenient implement to diagnose. Keywords: Post-menopausal Bleeding, Endometrial Thickness, Endometrial Cancer.

Comparative analysis of the prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women against the background of various menopausal hormone therapy (systematic review)

Comparative analysis of the prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women against the background of various menopausal hormone therapy (systematic review)

Disorders of hemostasis as the main pathogenetic mechanism in the development of menopausal abnormal uterine bleeding

The article presents our own clinical observations of cases of abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women, where the main cause was the pathology of hemostasis: a patient after liver transplantation for cirrhosis with chronic viral hepatitis C, and a patient with primary idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura which manifested at a later age. Among the most common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women are hyperplasia and endometrial cancer, leiomyoma, are adenomyosis are distinguished. Pathology of the hemostasis system as the main cause of abnormal uterine bleeding, prevails in the pubertal and reproductive period. In the literature available we did not find any publications concerning uterine bleeding in postmenopausal patients against the background of the pathology of the blood coagulation system. This article illustrates the significance of hemostasis disorders both secondary and primary in the origin of abnormal bleeding in postmenopausal period. Careful collection of anamnesis, an indication of the occurrence of petechial rash, gingival bleeding should alert the doctor. It should also be remembered that “suddenly arisen” immune cytopenias and late-onset thrombosis are often manifestations of the hematological paraneoplastic syndrome and require the exclusion of neoplasia, first of all, of the hematopoietic system. These clinical observations allow recommending a mandatory examination of the hemostatic system in patients with postmenopausal bleeding.

The Result Comparison from Curettage and Hysteroscopy About Uterine Bleeding in Postmenopausal Women

The Result Comparison from Curettage and Hysteroscopy About Uterine Bleeding in Postmenopausal Women

Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor Associated to Endometrial Hyperplasia and Presenting as Postmenopausal Vaginal Bleeding

Background: Ovarian Steroid cell tumor is a subtype of sex-cord stromal tumor which is very infrequent. It is usually benign and unilateral and causes hyperandrogenism and virilization. Case report: A 57-year-old woman that presented with postmenopausal bleeding associated to atypical endometrial hyperplasia underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy and was diagnosed of Steroid Cell Tumor of the Ovary. Discussion: Surgical treatment is mandatory and it ranges from unilateral oophorectomy to complete staging surgery. Adjuvant treatment is not usually required. Prognosis is good in most cases. Risk factors depend on histological examination of the tissue. Conclusion: Steroid Cell Tumors of the ovary do not always present with hyperandrogenism and virilization. Atypical presentations as our patient´s must be taken into account for differential diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women.

Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens (BZA/CE): incidence of uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women

To evaluate the effect of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens (BZA/CE), a tissue selective estrogen complex, on uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women. International, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, phase III study (Selective estrogen Menopause And Response to Therapy [SMART]-1). Outpatient clinical. Healthy, postmenopausal women (N = 3,397) aged 40 to 75 years with an intact uterus. Daily oral therapy with BZA 10, 20, or 40 mg, each with CE 0.625 or 0.45 mg, raloxifene 60 mg, or placebo. Cumulative amenorrhea profiles and the incidence of bleeding or spotting over 2 years. Treatment with BZA 20 or 40 mg with CE 0.625 or 0.45 mg was associated with rates of cumulative amenorrhea (>83% during cycles 1-13 and >93% during cycles 10-13) and bleeding or spotting that were comparable to those with placebo. Subjects who received BZA 10 mg/CE 0.625 mg experienced slightly lower cumulative amenorrhea rates throughout the study compared with placebo-treated subjects. Postmenopausal women treated with BZA 20 or 40 mg with CE 0.625 or 0.45 mg had high rates of cumulative amenorrhea that were similar to those reported with placebo. This new menopausal therapy may offer a favorable bleeding and tolerability profile.

Endometrial lesions causing uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women receiving raloxifene

It is generally accepted, that raloxifene administration does not have adverse effects on the uterus. We report the cases of two relatively young postmenopausal patients, who presented with vaginal bleeding, due to endometrial pathology, approximately 1 year after the initiation of raloxifene administration. The women were 43 and 44 years old, and received 60 mg/day of oral raloxifene for 11.5 and 10.5 months, respectively. In both cases, raloxifene was given for osteoporosis prevention in the absence of vasomotor symptoms. The first patient underwent Pipelle-biopsy and hysteroscopy with histopathology revealing simple endometrial hyperplasia. The second patient underwent hysteroscopy with removal of an endometrial polyp, with no histopathological signs of malignancy. Continuation of raloxifene administration was decided in both cases, and follow-up did not reveal any sign of recurrence. Uterine bleeding may rarely occur in postmenopausal women under raloxifene therapy. Patients should be encouraged to report bleeding or spotting and appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic management should follow as in any other case.

Uterine patency and accessibility after treatment with ThermaChoice for uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women

Uterine patency and accessibility after treatment with ThermaChoice for uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women

Uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women on continuous therapy with estradiol and norethindrone acetate

Objective: To investigate the incidence of uterine bleeding during 12 months of treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) 1 mg, unopposed or in combination with three doses of norethindrone acetate. Methods: This study was a prospective, double-masked, randomized, multicenter trial. A total of 1176 healthy post-menopausal women age 45 years and older without evidence of endometrial abnormalities were randomly assigned to receive either unopposed E2 1 mg, or continuous-combined formulations of E2 1 mg and norethindrone acetate 0.1 mg, 0.25 mg, or 0.5 mg. Any spotting or bleeding episodes during the treatment period were recorded in a daily diary and reported by weekly telephone calls. Results: The incidence of bleeding was low in the combination groups, even during the initial 3 months of treatment (24–28%), after which it decreased with increasing doses of norethindrone acetate. Conversely, the incidence of bleeding increased over time with unopposed E2 1 mg. After the initial 3 months, the incidence of bleeding among the combination groups was lowest in the norethindrone acetate 0.5 mg group. Among women initiating therapy close to menopause, fewer reported bleeding with norethindrone acetate 0.5 mg than with the other combination groups. There was a significantly ( P < .05) lower discontinuation rate due to bleeding in the norethindrone acetate 0.5 mg group compared with all other treatment groups. Conclusion: Continuous-combined formulations of E2 1 mg with norethindrone acetate 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 mg are associated with a low incidence of uterine bleeding. After the initial 3 months of treatment, bleeding profiles improved with increasing doses of norethindrone acetate.

Uterine Bleeding in Postmenopausal Women on Continuous Therapy With Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate

Uterine Bleeding in Postmenopausal Women on Continuous Therapy With Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate

Diagnosis and treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal patients using hormone replacement therapy

ObjectiveTo investigate the cause of uterine bleeding in menopausal patients using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and the efficacy of resectoscopic surgery for treatment of irregular vaginal bleeding caused by benign uterine pathology in such patients.DesignRetrospective case series.SettingEndoscopy unit of a private urban hospital.Subjects143 patients receiving HRT and with irregular vaginal bleeding, examined between January 1994 and December 1997.InterventionsAll the patients were evaluated using transvaginal sonography, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsies. A total of 87 patients with polyps, myomas or an atrophic uterine cavity underwent polypectomy (n = 64) and myomectomy (n = 19) in association with endometrial resection (n = 87).ResultsEndometrial polyps and submucous myomas were the most frequent cause of uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women using HRT. These conditions could be treated effectively using the resectoscope. The failure rate of resectoscopic surgery for focal lesions in patients receiving HRT was 6%. Adenomyosis and recurrence of endometrial polyps were the most frequent reasons for treatment failure and resumption of vaginal bleeding.ConclusionUterine bleeding caused by endometrial polyps and submucous myomas in menopausal patients using HRT can be effectively treated with the resectoscope.