Usual Chair Research Articles

Effect of chair placement on physicians’ behavior and patients’ satisfaction: randomized deception trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of chair placement on length of time physicians sit during a bedside consultation and patients’ satisfaction.DesignSingle center, double blind, randomized controlled deception trial.SettingCounty hospital in Texas,...

Relationship Between Perceived Physical and Mental Fatigability and Physical Performance in Very Old Adults

To investigate the relationship between perceived physical and mental fatigability and physical performance in community-dwelling very old adults (≥80 years). We examined the association in one retired community in Beijing including 404 very old adults. Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS), Chinese version, was used to assess perceived fatigability in physical domain (PFS-P) and mental domain (PFS-M). High fatigability is defined as PFS-P ≥ 15, and PFS-M ≥ 13. Physical performance measures include grip strength, usual gait speed, chair stand and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test. Women have higher PFS scores (both PFS-P & PFS-M) and higher prevalence of high fatigability than men. After adjusting for sex, usual gait speed and SPPB scores were significantly associated with PFS-P & PFS-M, while grip strength and chair stand performance were significantly associated with PFS-P only. After multivariable adjustment, usual gait speed (B=-3.745, P=0.021) and chair stand performance (B=0.335, P=0.005) were significantly associated with PFS-P, while usual gait speed (B=-2.656, P=0.006) and SPPB scores (B=-0.214, P=0.029) were significantly associated with PFS-M. Perceived physical and mental fatigability is highly prevalent in very older adults and they differ by sex. The significant associations between PFS scores and performance measures suggest that PFS is of potential clinical importance, especially when testing performance measures are not feasible. Utilization of PFS score can assist in identifying target populations who are at risk of reduced physical functions, such as older with depression, older women. Interventions to improve usual gait speed are likely to reduce both perceived physical and mental fatigability.

Crystal and Molecular Structure and DFT Calculations of the Steroidal Oxime 6E-Hydroximino-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (C19H25NO3) a Molecule with Antiproliferative Activity

The single crystal X-ray structure of the novel steroid derivative, 6E-hydroximino-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (C19H25NO3) (code name RB-499), possessing antiproliferative activity against various cell lines is presented. The analysis produced the following results: chemical formula C19H25NO3; Mr = 315.40; crystals are orthorhombic space group P212121 with Z = 4 molecules per unit cell with a = 6.2609(2), b = 12.5711(4), c = 20.0517(4) Å,Vc = 1578.18(7) Å3, crystal density Dc = 1.327 g/cm³. Structure determination was performed by direct methods, Fourier and full-matrix least-squares refinement. Hydrogens were located in the electron density and refined in position with isotropic thermal parameters. The final R-index was 0.0324 for 3140 reflections with I > 2σ and 308 parameters. The Absolute Structure Parameter − 0.07(5) confirms the correct allocation of the absolute configuration. The presence of the double bond C=O at position 3 in Ring A has caused a distortion from the usual chair conformation and created an unusual distorted sofa conformation folded across an approximate m-plane through C(1)–C(4). Ring B is a distorted chair, its conformation being influenced by the presence of the C(6)=N(6)–O(6)H group in position 6. Ring C is a symmetrical chair. Ring D exhibits both a distorted mirror symmetry conformation [influenced by the C(17)=O(17) group] and a distorted twofold conformation. DFT calculations indicated some degree of flexibility in rings A, C and D with ring A showing the greatest variation in torsion angles. The crystal packing is governed by H-bonds involving O(3), O(6) and O(17). DFT calculations of bond distances and angles, optimized at the B3LYP/6–31++G(d,p) level, were in good agreement with the X-ray structure.Graphical Ring A conformations: (a) Experimental and (b) Calculated. The differences in torsion angle values indicate a degree of flexibility in the ring. The ring conformations are shown in Figures (ii) and (iv) respectively (drawn with BIOVIA [12]. Regions A1 and A2 are approximately planar in both, being planar within 0.048 Å and 0.105 Å respectively.

Molecular dynamics simulation of N-octyl-N-quaternized chitosan derivatives as a drug carrier

The dynamic amphiphilic behavior of N-octyl-N-quaternized chitosan derivatives in aqueous solution is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It is found that quaternization decreases the intra-chain hydrogen bond formation which leads to reduced rigidity of the chitosan backbone. The effect of octyl substitution is much less pronounced. Analysis of hydrogen bonding reveals the presence of a hydrogen bond within the quaternized glucosamine unit, which causes the distortion of the usual chair conformation. Also, H-bond formation with the solvent water molecules was found to stabilize the intra-chain HO3-O5 hydrogen bond. Additionally, an aqueous solution containing the 10%-N-octyl-50%-N-quaternized chitosan derivative (1O5QCS) and the anti-cancer drug 10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) was also investigated using MD simulations. It was found that van der Waals and electrostatic forces have virtually equal contributions to the nonbonded interactions responsible for complexation. Furthermore, H-bond formation between drug and drug carrier contributes to lactone ring stability and subsequent bioavailability.

A Raisin Brings the Sun.

A Raisin Brings the Sun.

4-Chloro-5-(morpholin-4-yl)-2-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]pyridazin-3(2H)-one

In the title compound, C17H16ClN5O3, the phenyl and the oxadiazole rings are almost coplanar, subtending a dihedral angle of 4.34 (19)°. These rings lie almost normal to the pyridazine ring, making dihedral angles of 87.35 (16) and 89.06 (15)°, respectively. The morpholine ring has the usual chair conformation and its mean plane is inclined to the pyridazine ring by 39.45 (17)°. There is a short intramolecular C—H...Cl contact present. In the crystal, molecules are linked by bifurcated C—(H,H)...O hydrogen bonds and a C—H...N hydrogen bond, forming layers parallel to the ab plane.

The Effect of Sitting on Stability Balls on Nonspecific Lower Back Pain, Disability, and Core Endurance: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Study.

Experimental randomized crossover. The aim of the study was to determine whether sitting on a ball for 90 min/d instead of a chair has an effect on low back pain (LBP), low back disability, and/or core muscle endurance. LBP may result from prolonged sitting. It has been proposed that replacing chairs with stability balls can diminish LBP in those who sit for prolonged periods. Research on the topic is sparse and inconclusive. A total of 90 subjects (university students, staff, and faculty, ages 18-65, who sit ≥4 hr/d) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group for the first part of the study. Baseline data were collected: Oswestry Disability Index, a numerical pain rating scale for LBP, and four core muscle endurance tests. For 8 weeks, the control group sat on their usual chair. The intervention group sat on stability balls 5 d/wk, increasing up to 90 min/d. Baseline measurements were repeated postintervention. After a washout period, subjects switched groups, and the procedures were repeated-70 completed participation in control group and 76 in intervention group. There were no statistically significant differences for pain or disability in either group (P > 0.05). Changes in isometric trunk flexion (P = 0.001), nondominant side plank (P = 0.008), and Sorensen (P = 0.006) endurance scores were significant within the intervention group but not the control group. Between-group comparisons revealed a significant difference for isometric trunk flexion (P = 0.005) and Sorensen endurance times (P = 0.010). Analysis also showed that ball-sitting did not prevent an increase in LBP over the 8-week period. Ball-sitting had no significant effects on LBP or associated disability, but did improve core endurance in the sagittal plane. Although ball-sitting may be useful as an adjunct treatment for LBP when core muscles are involved, clinicians should rely on other, evidence-based treatments for LBP.

(7, 8-Dimethyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)methyl morpholine-4-carbodithioate

In the title compound, C17H19NO3S2, the chromene unit makes a dihedral angle of 88.48 (5)° with the best plane through the morpholine ring. The carbodithioate group is present in an antiperiplanar conformation with respect to the morpholine ring, as indicated by the S—C—N—C torsion angle of −171.64 (8)°. The morpholine moiety adopts the usual chair conformation. The crystal structure features C—H...O and C—H...S hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions.

Combining FEM and neural networking in the design of optimization of traditional Montenegrin chair

The paper presents the results of tests and analysis of strength of traditional Montenegrin chair using FEM (The Finite Element Method) according to the procedure described in the relevant European standards. Stresses in the critical points of the structure were obtained and compared with values of permissible stresses for appropriate material. The influence of design parameters of chair on distribution and intensity of the stresses was considered, so it was selected the appropriate combination of parameters that presents the optimal solution from the aspect of the mentioned criterion. The obtained solution is compared with a volume equivalent model of usual chair with four legs. Based on the results we trained neural network in order to make it enable selection of design parameters of the traditional Montenegrin chairs that provide a satisfactory solution.

Effect of a kneeling chair on lumbar curvature in patients with low back pain and healthy controls: A pilot study

BackgroundThe concept of an ideal sitting posture is often used in practice but lacks a basis in evidence. ObjectiveWe designed a cross-sectional, comparative, matched study to determine the effects of chair and posture on lumbar curvature in 10 patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP; mean pain duration 24 ± 18 months) and 10 healthy matched controls. MethodsPelvic incidence, sacral slope and lumbar curvature were measured on computed radiographs by 2 blinded clinicians for subjects in 2 postures (upright vs slumped sitting) and on 2 chairs (usual flat chair vs kneeling chair). ResultsThe reliability of measures was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient>0.9). As hypothesized, the expected sacral slope and lumbar lordosis changed between standing and sitting on a kneeling chair as compared with a usual chair (P<0.0001) and less in patients than controls (P=0.046) for lordosis only. In addition, as expected, changes were more pronounced with slumped than upright sitting (P<0.0001). An interaction between chairs and postures for lumbar lordosis (P=0.02) indicated more pronounced effects of the chair in slumped sitting. Therefore, lumbar lordosis was reduced less when sitting on a kneeling chair as compared with a usual chair. ConclusionsAlthough healthy subjects showed more reduction in lordosis between standing and sitting, the chair effect was found in both CLBP patients and healthy subjects.

Bis{μ-cis-1,3-bis-[(di-tert-butyl-phosphan-yl)-oxy]cyclo-hexane-κ(2) P:P'}bis-[carbonylnickel(0)] including an unknown solvent molecule.

The title compound, [Ni2(C22H46P2O2)2(CO)2], is located about a centre of inversion with the Ni0 atom within a distorted trigonal–planar geometry. The cyclo­hexyl rings are in the usual chair conformation with the 1,3-cis substituents equatorially oriented. No specific inter­molecular inter­actions are noted in the crystal packing. A region of disordered electron density, most probably a disordered deuterobenzene solvent molecule, was treated using the SQUEEZE routine in PLATON [Spek (2009 ▶). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155]. Its formula mass and unit-cell characteristics were not taken into account during refinement.

(6R*,10R*)-Dimethyl 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dicarboxylate

The title compound, C12H18O6, is in the usual chair conformation with the two ester functions in a 1,3-trans orientation. With a value of 1.439 (2) Å, the pseudo-axial C—O bond of the 1,3-dioxolane ring is slightly longer than the corresponding equatorial C—O bond of 1.424 (3) Å. The O—C—O angle of the dioxolane ring is 106.25 (17)°.

N-(2-Oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide

In the title compound, C16H17NO3, the coumarin moiety is essentially planar [maximum deviation from the mean plane formed by the C and O atoms of the coumarin = 0.0183 (12) Å] and that the cyclo­hexane ring adopts the usual chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the coumarin residue and the plane of the amide residue (defined as the N, C and O atoms) is 18.9 (2)°. There are two intra­molecular hydrogen bonds involving the amide group. In one, the N atom acts as donor to the ketonic O atom and in the other, the amide O atom acts as acceptor of a C—H group of the coumarin. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of N—H⋯O contacts and these dimers are linked into pairs by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The combination of these inter­actions creates a chain of rings which runs parallel to [2-10]. C—H⋯π and π–π [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8654 (10) Å] inter­actions are also observed.

Synthesis, structural and vibrational properties of 1-(adamantane-1-carbonyl)-3-halophenyl thioureas

1-(Adamantane-1-carbonyl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)thiourea (1) and 1-(adamantane-1-carbonyl)-3-(2-bromo-4,6-difluorophenyl)thiourea (2) were synthesized by the reaction of adamantane-1-carbonyl chloride with ammonium thiocyanate to afford the adamantane-1-carbonylisothiocyanate in situ followed by treatment with suitable halogenated anilines. The structures of the products were established by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Bond lengths and angles show the usual values. All of three condensed cyclohexane rings of the adamantane residues adopt the usual chair conformation. The molecular conformation of 1 and 2 is stabilized by an intramolecular (NH⋯OC) hydrogen bond which forms a pseudo-six-membered ring. Structural features have been complemented with the joint analysis of the FTIR and FT-Raman spectra along with quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level.

The anthropometric match between high school learners and commercial adjustable computer chairs

Background : A South African study illustrated that the school computer chair was the least ergonomic aspect of a school computer workstation and this may explain why computer usage was the only predictor of cervical pain among high school students (Smith et al. 2007). An alarming percentage of South African learners do not match the usual school chair dimensions according to accepted criteria for chair height, depth and width. This implies that the majority of students are sitting in chairs that are both too short and too shallow for their body dimensions (Van Niekerk et al. 2011). Method : The sample included all commercially available adjustable chairs, distributed in the Cape Metropole area and which are being sold for R500 or less. The seat height, depth and width was measured and matched to the students' anthropometric measurements. Results : Only the height measurement of one chair matched more than 95% of the students. None of the chairs showed a match for all of the dimensions. Conclusion : The findings of this study indicate that even if schools want to improve the chair profile, they will not be able to do so as no commercial chair matched the students' anthropometric measurements.

4-[(2′-Cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]morpholin-4-ium hexafluoridophosphate

In the cation of the title compound, C18H19N2O+·PF6 −, the morpholine ring adopts the usual chair conformation and the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 67.55 (11)°. The F atoms of the anion are disordered over two orientations with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.65 (2):0.35 (2). In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the cations into chains parallel to the c axis. The crystal packing is further enforced by inter­ionic C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds.

Abstract 3487: Back To Basics: A Revised Approach To Fall Prevention In The Right Brain CVA / TBI Patient

Background and Purpose: In December 2009, Mercy Medical Center’s Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation unit suffered an unprecedented rise in the number of patient falls to an unacceptable level of 17.3%. The national benchmark for falls on an acute rehabilitation unit is 8-10%. Of the 10 patients that had fallen, 9 had been admitted for post CVA rehabilitation, and of that number, 7 of them had a right brain sided injury. This caused us to question what it was that made this particular patient population so susceptible to falling. We looked into what effect on behavior a brain injury would cause. Based upon the area that was affected, either right or left brain, there were definite behaviors that would characterize the patients in either category. Left brain injured patients have physical deficits on the right side of their bodies, they may have speech or swallowing disorders and because of disorganized thinking they act very slow and cautiously when approaching tasks. They are the type of patient that needs constant feedback to participate in rehabilitation therapies, so they do not constitute a higher then normal fall risk. The patient with a right sided brain injury has left sided physical impairments, poor impulse control, spatial-perception difficulties and is more prone to having left body sided “neglect” where they are not aware of anything on their left side¼including their own body. This type of patient is at an exceptionally high risk for falling. Method: Based upon the behavioral characteristics of the right brain injured patient, we developed a new safety program for all right brain injured patients, whether from a traumatic brain injury or a CVA. An immediate staff inservice was initiated on how a brain injury affects behavior. In addition to our usual hourly rounding, bed and chair alarms became mandatory for these patients to alert the staff that the patient is trying to get up unassisted, they wear a different color of slipper sock to differentiate them from the other patients at a glance, their “falling star” fall risk star room sticker now has a “Happy Face” drawn on it. As an added benefit all of these interventions, with the exception of the chair alarms, did not cost the unit anything extra to implement. Results: By identifying these right CVA patients as being at exceptionally high risk for falls upon admission, making it easy to differentiate them from the other rehabilitation patients and initiating our new fall prevention program, our falls have decreased significantly in this patient population, down 27% in January 2010. Conclusion: A focused approach to fall prevention based upon behavioral characteristics of the right brain injured CVA patient has been highly successful in reducing the number of patient falls in our acute inpatient rehabilitation unit for this particular patient population.

9-[(2-Hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-11-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-10,13-diphenyl-8-oxa-12-azoniatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,5-triene acetate ethanol disolvate

The title compound, C36H31N2O3 +,C2H3O2 −·2C2H5OH, the product of a domino condensation of dibenzyl ketone with salicylic aldehyde and ammonium acetate, crystallized as the ethanol disolvate. The cation of the salt comprises a fused tricyclic system containing three six-membered rings (piperidine, dihydro-2H-pyran and benzene). The piperidine ring has the usual chair conformation, while the dihydro­pyran ring adopts a slightly distorted sofa conformation. In the crystal, there are six (one intra- and five inter­molecular) independent hydrogen-bonding inter­actions: the inter­molecular hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions and ethanol solvent mol­ecules into ribbons along [001]. The ribbons are stacked along the a axis.

N-Cyclohexyl-3-fluorobenzamide

In the title mol­ecule, C13H16FNO, the amide (N—C=O) plane is oriented at an angle of 29.9 (2)° with respect to the aromatic ring. The cyclo­hexane ring adopts the usual chair conformation. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains along [100]. A weak C—H⋯F inter­action is also observed. The F atom is disordered over two positions with occupancy factors of 0.873 (3) and 0.127 (3).

A Little Lipstick

A Little Lipstick