User Value Research Articles

Prognostic value of preoperative D-dimer to albumin ratio in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

BackgroundThe prognostic value of Albumin and D-dimer has been established for multiple tumor types, indicating their potential for predicting tumor development. Nevertheless, the predictive capability of the DDI-to-albumin ratio (DAR) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains uncertain.PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the DAR in LARC.MethodsA total of 513 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) prior to total mesorectal excision (TME) between March 2013 to October 2019 were included in this study. Patients were divided into high-level DAR (> 0.016) or low-level DAR (≤ 0.016) groups based on ROC curve analysis optimum cut-off value. The prognostic value of the DAR in LARC was analyzed.ResultsThe study enrolled 513 patients. Patients were stratified into high-level DAR (> 0.016) and low-level DAR (≤ 0.016) cohorts according to the optimal cut-off value determined by ROC curve analysis. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for patients in the low DAR group (≤ 0.016) and the high DAR group (> 0.016) were 89.4% and 80.9%, respectively (p = 0.013). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 85.7% and 77.4% (p = 0.027). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that DAR were independent prognostic factors for OS (p = 0.02) and DFS (0.025). Predictive nomograms that included the DAR score group (C-index: OS-0.743, DFS-0.705) were superior to those without DAR scores (C-index: OS-0.721, DFS-0.697).ConclusionThe DAR demonstrates high usability and prognostic value in predicting OS and DFS outcomes among patients diagnosed with LARC who undergo nCRT.

Creating An Immersive Business Simulation: The Virtual Reality (Vr) Coffee Shop

ABSTRACT Virtual reality (VR) learning is believed to increase focus, engagement, and emotional connection. To that end, we developed an immersive business case study in VR to teach essential business concepts. This paper outlines the process we followed to develop and launch the case in the hope that other institutions can use our process as a blueprint for launching their own similar VR case simulations. In an immersive virtual space using head-mounted display (HMD) headsets, students navigate various business challenges, make cross-disciplinary decisions, and witness real-time outcomes across four increasingly complex scenarios. This immersive learning approach allows students to safely practice making challenging decisions and learn from mistakes, gaining insights into the consequences of their choices in a uniquely compelling way and developing a comprehensive understanding of various business aspects, including finance, operations, marketing, management, and social responsibility. User testing included an in-headset test to assess usability, engagement, and educational value of the VR simulation in a controlled environment. The VR case simulation was found to be more engaging than more conventional learning approaches, helped to reduce distractions to a greater extent, and offered greater tangibility around decisions and consequences.

The Implementation of LAUDATO SI as the Embodiment of Integral Ecology in Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University

The wrong paradigm towards self and others leads humans to individual pride and collective egoism. Technocratic and mechanical views can obscure human dignity, because humans are considered as objects and usability values only. Anthropocentric, mechanistic and technocratic paradigms make individuals alienated from others, both with each other, as well as with other creatures and entities. This research aims to explore the Encyclical Laudato Si and its implementation in Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University (UAJY). As a university, UAJY plays an important role in creating a catholic education that respects human dignity, the value of interconnectedness and builds an integral ecology. The results of the research are expected to be more effective in realising the encyclic in Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University. This research uses a qualitative method, and the approach used was a mixture of library research and field research. The material object of the research is policy, while the formal object is moral philosophy.

Ethnopharmacological Insights into the Use of Chenopodium ambrosioides for Cough Treatment among Togolese Traditional Healers

Togo has an ethnobotanical potential with a great diversity of medicinal plants widely used to treat human diseases. Cough associated with respiratory diseases is one of the pathologies traditionally treated with medicinal plants in Togo. Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) is a species used in the traditional treatment of cough in Togo. The aim of this study was to document the ethnopharmacological uses of Chenopodium ambrosioides in Togolese traditional medicine for treatment of cough. An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted using the semi-structured interview method among Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) from six health districts spread across four health regions. The ethnopharmacological and ethnobotanical data collected were analyzed using the User Value (UV) and Frequency of Citation (FC) of medicinal plants associated with the species. A total of 127 TMPs participated in this study and 96 (76%) of them were male and 31 (34%) were female. 73% of the informants claimed usually use Chenopodium ambrosioides in the cough treatment compared to 27% who claimed to not use it to treat cough. Chenopodium ambrosioides was used in combination with fifty-two (52) other botanical species in the treatment of cough and in the study area, Abrus precatorius Linn. (13.59%) followed by Ocimum gratissimum Linn. (11.58%), Zingiber officinale Rosc. Trans. Linn. (9.73%), Mangifera indica Linn. (6.21%), Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker (4.87%), Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. (4.36%) and Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. (4.19%) were the most popular plants used for cough treatment among the plants recorded. Sixteen (16) other pathologies including pulmonary infections are also treated by Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.). Abscesses, intestinal parasitic diseases, incurable wounds, stomach aches and headaches are the most pathologies commonly treated by this plant. The whole plant (72%) and leaves (22%) are the primary parts utilized for medicinal purposes. Decoction (77.50%) is the main preparation method, with oral (80.83%) and cutaneous (10.83%) routes being the most common modes of administration. The findings from this study provide a solid ethnopharmacological foundation for future pharmacological and toxicological investigations into Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.).

Usability, Ergonomics, and Educational Value of a Novel Telestration Tool for Surgical Coaching: Usability Study.

Telementoring studies found technical challenges in achieving accurate and stable annotations during live surgery using commercially available telestration software intraoperatively. To address the gap, a wireless handheld telestration device was developed to facilitate dynamic user interaction with live video streams. This study aims to find the perceived usability, ergonomics, and educational value of a first-generation handheld wireless telestration platform. A prototype was developed with four core hand-held functions: (1) free-hand annotation, (2) cursor navigation, (3) overlay and manipulation (rotation) of ghost (avatar) instrumentation, and (4) hand-held video feed navigation on a remote monitor. This device uses a proprietary augmented reality platform. Surgeons and trainees were invited to test the core functions of the platform by performing standardized tasks. Usability and ergonomics were evaluated with a validated system usability scale and a 5-point Likert scale survey, which also evaluated the perceived educational value of the device. In total, 10 people (9 surgeons and 1 senior resident; 5 male and 5 female) participated. Participants strongly agreed or agreed (SA/A) that it was easy to perform annotations (SA/A 9, 90% and neutral 0, 0%), video feed navigation (SA/A 8, 80% and neutral 1, 10%), and manipulation of ghost (avatar) instruments on the monitor (SA/A 6, 60% and neutral 3, 30%). Regarding ergonomics, 40% (4) of participants agreed or strongly agreed (neutral 4, 40%) that the device was physically comfortable to use and hold. These results are consistent with open-ended comments on the device's size and weight. The average system usability scale was 70 (SD 12.5; median 75, IQR 63-84) indicating an above average usability score. Participants responded favorably to the device's perceived educational value, particularly for postoperative coaching (agree 6, 60%, strongly agree 4, 40%). This study presents the preliminary usability results of a novel first-generation telestration tool customized for use in surgical coaching. Favorable usability and perceived educational value were reported. Future iterations of the device should focus on incorporating user feedback and additional studies should be conducted to evaluate its effectiveness for improving surgical education. Ultimately, such tools can be incorporated into pedagogical models of surgical coaching to optimize feedback and training.

Pemodelan Sistem Pakar Identifikasi Tingkat Stres Karyawan dengan Metode Certainty Factor

Expert systems work by collecting knowledge from experts in the form of rules or knowledge bases, then using an inference engine to analyze situations and produce decisions or suggestions. Apart from that, it is often used in the fields of medicine, engineering, finance, etc., related to this, especially the process of identifying the level of stress experienced by employees in the company so that they can find out more, therefore an expert system application design is needed for identification using the method. certainty factor, based on the certainty factor which has a concept based on symptoms and diagnoses from the weight of an expert's value and the user's value, calculated using the formula in CF, the final result is the creation of an expert system application for identifying employee stress levels based on a website.

Impact of Technological Progress on Consumer Trust and Adoption of E-Banking

Abstract: In this research paper, I have thoroughly described the topic “Impact of Technological Progress on Consumer Trust and Adoption of E-Banking”. The financial services sector has seen a transformation due to the advent of technology improvements, especially with the increasing use of electronic banking, or e-banking. Traditional banking methods have been transformed by the advancement of digital technology, which has made it easier to create complex financial systems and services that are available via a variety of electronic devices. But even as these developments provide potential, a serious worry emerges about the complex relationship that exists between e-banking adoption, customer trust, and technical improvement. Building effective banking relationships requires a lot of trust, particularly in the digital sphere where fraud, privacy, and data security are major problems. The increasing dependence of customers on e-banking for financial operations necessitates a high degree of trust between the technology and the organizations providing these services. However, customer opinions of security, dependability, usability, and overall value are just as important in determining whether or not e-banking is adopted as a banking option as technical developments. To create an environment that is favorable for digital financial services, financial institutions and regulators need to understand the subtleties of customer trust and how it affects the adoption of e-banking in the context of technical improvements. In order to shed light on the opportunities, problems, and consequences in the rapidly changing field of digital finance, this paper will examine the complex relationship that exists between technological advancement, consumer confidence, and acceptance of e-banking. The abstract emphasizes the symbiotic link between trust and adoption, indicating that as trust in e-banking services grows, so does the adoption rate, underscoring the importance of technology innovation in reshaping the banking landscape.

Fortification of local fruit parijoto on soy yogurt drink and economy analysis

Background: The food and beverage industry is a leading industry that is the government's focus in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Culinary is the most popular economic sub-sector.. As a food product from biotechnology, yoghurt always manages to occupy a global market share. Yoghurt is proven to maintain the digestive system. Therefore innovation is needed, especially regarding materials, to boost product competitiveness. Animal milk substrate can be substituted with soy milk which is cheap but rich in protein. The addition of natural fortification is projected to improve product quality. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa) typical of the slopes of Mount Muria, Colo Village, Kab. Kudus was chosen as a fortificant because it is rich in antioxidants and antibacterial pathogens. At the same time, this adds to the usability and economic value of Parijoto, which is still low so far. Method: The research was conducted experimentally, referring to previous research methods. The formulation design was varied regarding adding Parijoto fruit extract to 100 ml of the product. Findings: From the results of the organoleptic test, the F1 formula (addition of 5 ml of Parijoto fruit extract) received the best acceptance from the panellists, with a preference level of 4.89. The product characteristics are liquid texture, alcoholic sweet taste, cream colour, and the aroma of Parijoto fruit tends to be faint. Conclusion:Parijoto Yogurt has advantages in terms of locality, price and nutrition. However, further research is needed based more collaboration to increase this product's health and economic impact local society. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study creates new functional food products and opens up opportunities to revitalize local economies and conserve biodiversity.

Virtual Education in Urogynecology: Enhancing Understanding and Management of Pelvic Fistulas.

Pelvic fistulas affect a significant number of patients globally, with a relatively low prevalence in the United States. Virtual education offers an effective, scalable solution to bridge this educational gap and lead to a deeper understanding of more common conditions, such as urinary and fecal incontinence. We developed two virtual cases on rectovaginal and vesicovaginal/ureterovaginal fistulas to enhance medical students' exposure, knowledge, and confidence regarding assessment of pelvic fistulas. The cases could be completed in approximately 30 minutes, asynchronously, and at students' own pace. The cases were integrated into an OB/GYN clerkship. We conducted a survey among students receiving the cases to gather feedback on usability, acceptability, and educational value, which guided subsequent improvements. Forty medical students, ranging from first to third year, participated in the urogynecology elective; 21 (53%) completed the survey. Ninety-one percent agreed or strongly agreed they were satisfied with the cases. All respondents found the format easy to use and appropriate for their level of learning. Most reported the cases improved their confidence in nonsurgical and surgical management options for pelvic fistulas. Offering virtual and interactive patient cases on e-learning platforms represents an innovative approach to increasing clinical exposure to urogynecologic disorders. By providing medical students with the opportunity to interact with pelvic fistulas virtually, these cases can help bridge a gap in clinical education. Future exploration is valuable for examining knowledge deficiencies and developing cost-effective, self-paced, easily accessible educational resources to advance medical training and optimize patient care.

Usability Testing of the AIS Mobile Application Using the User Centered Design Method for New Information Systems Students at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Many individuals all across the world now depend heavily on their smartphones in their daily lives. Building mobile applications gives the chance to connect with a very sizable and growing user base. Mobile applications have a large market potential due to their constantly growing user base. Icons on the phone screen make it simple and quick to access mobile applications. Users don't need to open a browser or type a website address in order to utilize an application; they simply need to click on the application icon. According to the results of the questionnaire given to 21 respondents, UIN Jakarta's AIS Mobile application scored 64.87% on usability. Due to this, the User Centered Design build method was used in this study to build the AIS website for UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta in order to increase the usability value of the website in the aspects of Learnability, Efficiency, Memorability, Error Prevention, and Satisfication Assessment.

Mechanical Performance of Steel-Fiber-Incorporated Rubberized Concrete for Rigid Pavement Applications

Sustainable solutions are required to mitigate waste tire accumulation. Using rubberized concrete (RuC) in rigid pavements is a viable and relatively environmentally friendly strategy for partially replacing fine/coarse aggregates with crumb rubber. However, crumb rubber affects the mechanical properties of concrete. Although RuC is more flexible (ideal for road pavements) than conventional concrete, its strength is lower than that of the standard concrete used in rigid pavements. Consequently, the crumb rubber generated from discarded tires cannot be used sustainably. The primary objective of this study was to characterize RuC mixed with manufactured steel fibers to improve the strength of the mixture. Fine aggregates (sand) were partially substituted with various proportions (10%, 20%, and 40%) of crumb rubber (size:1.70–2.36 mm) while incorporating 0.5% steel fibers (by volume). The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete deteriorated with increasing rubber content, consistent with the previously reported results. However, steel fiber incorporation improved the mechanical behavior of RuC, thus enhancing the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of the pavement structure. The developed steel-fiber-incorporated RuC design enhances the usability and economic value of RuC as well as minimizes the adverse environmental impact of concrete pavement technology.

Justification of E-Argumentation Software based on a Needs Analysis in Education Context

Argumentation can be defined as a process in which claim, data, justification and supports, which are considered the basic building blocks of an argument, are connected together in a meaningful way. Especially in Science Education, argumentation method is known to have positive contributions to the learning-teaching processes. Today, there is much opportunity to integrate digital tools or software in argumentation processes for better learning outcomes. The literature points out the difficulties experienced by teachers and learners in the argumentation processes and emphasizes that digital tools or software can offer solutions to these problems. In this context, a wide variety of software is used to support argumentation processes in education more effectively and easily. The aim of this study is to examine existing argumentation software and to determine the features of a new "E-Argumentation" software, which is supposed to be a better and contemporary solution for argumentation processes, based on a needs analysis. Existing argumentation software is not rich in terms of multimedia usage and not compatible with group work, which is important in argumentation processes, or with three argumentation approaches in the literature. Furthermore, existing software has serious shortcomings in terms of usability and educational value. As a result, it is clear that there is a need for argumentation software which is compatible with current technologies, pedagogically useful, and has high level of usability and accessibility.

How does the online innovation community climate affect the user's value co-creation behavior: The mediating role of motivation.

Online Innovation Community (OIC) serves as a virtual space for users to exchange products and services, and share knowledge and information. Previous studies have indicated that community climate is an important factor affecting users' value co-creation behavior, however, the influencing process has not been clearly revealed from the perspective of motivation. In this study, we explored the relationship between online innovation community climate (supportive climate and controlling climate), user motivation and value co-creation behavior (user's participation behavior and user's citizenship behavior) based on the SOR model. The study sample included 29,835 pieces of information from 3,315 users in 14 product sections of the OnePlus Community which were analyzed with Mplus8.1. The findings revealed that: (1) The supportive climate had a positive impact on user's citizenship behavior(β = 0.042), while the controlling climate exerted a significant positive impact on user's citizenship behavior (β = 0.078) and user's participation behavior(β = 0.099); (2) The need for achievement played a suppressing effect between community climate and user's participation behavior, the need for power played a suppressing effect between supportive climate and user's value co-creation behavior, and the need for affiliation played a mediating role between supportive climate and user's citizenship behavior (β = 0.010) and user's participation behavior(β = 0.006); (3) Community trust positively moderated the relationship between the need for achievement and user's participation behavior(β = 0.058) as well as between the need for power and user's participation behavior(β = 0.043).

Reduction in Diabetes-Related Hospitalizations and Medical Costs After Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitor Initiation in People with Type 2 Diabetes Using Intensive Insulin Therapy.

Some people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) require intensive insulin therapy to manage their diabetes. This can increase the risk of diabetes-related hospitalizations. We hypothesize that initiation of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), which continuously measures a user's glucose values and provides threshold- and trend-based alerts, will reduce diabetes-related emergency department (ED) and inpatient hospitalizations and concomitant costs. A retrospective analysis of US healthcare claims data using Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart database was performed. The cohort consisted of commercially insured, CGM-naïve individuals with T2D who initiated Dexcom G6 RT-CGM system between August 1, 2018, and March 31, 2021. Twelve months of continuous health plan enrollment before and after RT-CGM initiation was required to capture baseline and follow-up rates of diabetes-related hospitalizations and associated healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) costs. Analyses were performed for claims with a diabetes-related diagnosis code in either (1) any position or (2) first or second position on the claim. A total of 790 individuals met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 52.8 (10.5) [mean (SD)], 53.3% were male, and 76.3% were white. For claims with a diabetes-related diagnosis code in any position, the number of individuals with ≥ 1 ED visit decreased by 30.0% (p = 0.01) and with ≥ 1 inpatient visit decreased by 41.5% (p < 0.0001). The number of diabetes-related visits and average number of visits per person similarly decreased by at least 31.4%. Larger relative decreases were observed for claims with a diabetes-related diagnosis code in the first or second position on the claim. Total diabetes-related costs expressed as per-person-per-month (PPPM) decreased by $341 PPPM for any position and $330 PPPM for first or second position. Initiation of Dexcom G6 among people with T2D using intensive insulin therapy was associated with a significant reduction in diabetes-related ED and inpatient visits and related HCRU costs. Expanded use of RT-CGM could augment these benefits and result in further cost reductions.

The Design and Evaluation of CAD Custom Batik User Interface

The popularity of batik reflects consumer demands for purchasing fulfillment. Digital technology can bring several advantages and new opportunities to the custom batik design process. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is a popular digital tool used. This paper will provide the new User Interface (UI) design of CAD custom design batik, namely Batik 4.0. It’s software developed to provide services, such as pattern customization in various sizes, batik character input system, pricing, and production time estimation utilized by the batik industry in Indonesia that can be directly forwarded to the manufacturing process. Research in UI design for CAD batik has not been studied, and this paper will fill the significant gap and upgrade the usability. This evaluation will test the usability of the test, employing the performance matrix and RTA towards UI that already exists. Improvement was made with a wireframe using human-computer interaction (HCI) and usability testing data. User-centered design (UCD) focuses on the role of the user in the process of system development as the wireframe design method. This research shows UI wireframe design for several types of users. In making the UI wireframe design, a usability evaluation was performed again. The evaluation result shows that the new user prototypes have fewer errors and exceed the usability value compared to the previous one. The new design is more user-friendly and can be used as a reference for the future development and improvement of CAD custom batik.

AR-Based Food Traceability as a Means for Sustainable Development

This paper focuses on traceability as a means to ensure sustainability during food development by using augmented reality and addressing the needs of farmers/producers, development and retail companies, and consumers. After reviewing related work, the needs are outlined for an application with a highly visual interface that lets all involved parties insert, explore, and view data about food products, starting from their origin and dietary/heritage value until their placement in a market. In this direction, the research questions examined the usability of such an application along with its validity concerning whether customers would choose healthy food products based on certain criteria, ensuring sustainability at all levels. Data are selected from predefined lists where possible and propagated without disruption from farmers to markets to avoid errors. The analysis led to the AR application, FoodTrace, whose design and prototype implementation are also presented. The evaluation was encouraging as the research goals were largely met regarding both usability and content value and will help further develop the application.

Co-design and evaluation of a digital serious game to promote public awareness about pancreatic cancer

BackgroundPancreatic cancer, ranking seventh in global cancer-related deaths, poses a significant public health challenge with increasing incidence and mortality. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in low survival rates. Early diagnosis significantly impacts prognosis, making symptom awareness crucial. Symptoms are often subtle, leading to delayed help-seeking behaviour. Patients and their carers prioritise increased public awareness, indicating a need for innovative approaches to promote awareness of the disease.MethodsThis study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design to assess the relationship between a serious game and pancreatic cancer awareness. Members of the public (N = 727) were recruited internationally, via social media and with signposting by relevant organisations. Participants completed measures of symptom awareness and help-seeking intentions before and after playing the game. The serious game, co-designed with experts by lived experience, patient advocates and healthcare professionals, presented participants with a human anatomy diagram, with each section linked to a question about pancreatic cancer.ResultsThe serious game demonstrated a statistically significant improvement on pancreatic cancer awareness based on matched paired t-tests. Due to missing data, paired comparisons were only possible for 489 cases. Symptom awareness scores exhibited a statistically significant increase from pre-test to post-test, with a large effect size (p < 0.001, d = 1.43). Help-seeking intentions also markedly improved, showing a significant increase from pre-test to post-test, with a large effect size (p < 0.001, d = 1.10). Independent-samples t-tests were also conducted to determine if there were any group differences on pre- to post-test changes based on age, gender, and previous knowledge and/or experience of pancreatic cancer. Participants overwhelmingly endorsed the game’s usability and educational value, suggesting its potential as an effective tool for enhancing public awareness and proactive health-seeking behaviour.DiscussionThis study is the first to explore a serious game’s utility in pancreatic cancer awareness. Results suggest that such interventions can effectively increase public awareness and influence help-seeking intentions. The co-design process ensured content relevance, and participant satisfaction was high. Findings highlight the game’s potential as an accessible and convenient tool for diverse populations.

Sistem Informasi Web Promosi Joker Vape dengan Agile Scrum dan Usability Testing

In the developing digital era, it is important for companies to have an effective web information system to promote their products to customers. In particular, the vape industry has experienced rapid growth, surely Joker Vape wants to take advantage of web technologies to increase the visibility and attractiveness of their products. This study aims to develop a Joker Vape Promotion Web Information System with Agile Scrum and usability testing. Agile Scrum is chosen as a development method because of its ability to address user needs. Usability testing is carried out to ensure that this web information system already has a good value in the appearance of the website and ease of using the website. The results of this study indicate that user needs in user story admins such as being able to manage products and the needs of visitors or website users need product pages, product details. In testing the usability of the website, it has already had a good usability value with the usability aspect getting 85.5%, the ease of use aspect getting 87.05%, the ease of learning aspect getting 87%, and the satisfaction aspect getting 85%.

Pengolahan Sampah Polimer Termoplastik dan Termoset di Lingkungan Bank Sampah Induk Kabupaten Jember

The Jember Regency Main Garbage Bank has the role of fostering and coordinating the Unit Garbage Bank in the Jember Regency area. BSI had several problems in terms of how to sort polymer waste and the need for technological tools for processing plastic polymer waste. The purpose of the PKM activity is to convey knowledge, information and technology for processing plastic polymer waste. The socialization that has been delivered is related to thermoplastic and thermoset polymer waste processing technology based on physical, chemical, technological and mechanical properties, as well as management and marketing strategy for waste bank products. After interviews with BSI and BSU management, discussions with participants, mentoring, and evaluation with partners; The PKM team presented that a Garbage Bank in the city of Jember really needs a plastic polymer waste counting tool to realize the Zero Waste program, increase economic value, usability and aesthetic value. Processing of plastic polymer waste has several methods, namely; recycling plastic waste into handicraft products, turning plastic waste into pellets, processing plastic waste into; fuel oil, brick mixture, and asphalt, recycling process, namely; Hydrogenation, Glycolysis, Methanolysis, Hydrolysis, Gasification, Pyrolysis and Catalytic Conversion, Recycling methods, namely (primary, secondary, tertiary and quarter) recycling.

Acceptability of the power over pain portal among patients awaiting tertiary care consultation: A qualitative study of patients' perceptions.

Chronic pain affects approximately 7.6 million Canadians and access to care remains an issue. The Power Over Pain (POP) Portal offers immediate access to evidence-based resources ranging from low- (e.g. education, self-management), to high- (e.g. individual counseling) intensity. We explored the POP Portal's acceptability, usability, and perceived usefulness among patients newly referred to a tertiary care pain clinic. We used a descriptive, qualitative approach with a prospective cohort of 60 adult patients recently referred to The Ottawa Hospital Pain Clinic. Patients were offered an orientation session and asked to participate in a seven-week follow-up interview. Data were thematically analyzed in an iterative process, whereby responses were reviewed and coded by two members of the research team. Of the 60 patients referred to the POP Portal by clinic clerks, 45 participated in the orientation session, and 40 completed a four-week follow-up. All 40 patients had used the POP Portal and recommended that we continue to offer the POP Portal to patients awaiting care. We identified overarching themes of acceptability (five subthemes), usability (ten subthemes), accessibility (three subthemes), and patient value of the POP Portal (three subthemes). This includes (1) the POP Portal provides easy access to chronic pain resources; (2) the POP Portal is helpful in developing an understanding of chronic pain; and (3) improvements to the POP Portal are needed to increase usability and foster a user-friendly experience. The POP Portal offers accessible and diverse resources for people living with pain awaiting a tertiary care consultation; however, patients would like to see resources specific to diagnosis. Improvements are suggested to allow greater increase the POP Portal usability.