The severe environmental problems that modern European cities face (pollution, noise, accidents, congestion) are caused by the excessive use of the private car. To cope with them, great emphasis is given in the improvement of public transport and the encouragement of walking and cycling. Moreover, Road Pricing is a new economic approach of the transport sector, that can be summarised as the internalisation of the external costs of transport. According to it, the users of transport modes will have to pay for the cost their activity imposes to the environment and society. This is to be implemented in the urban scale through the electronic urban tolls. The representatives of the road transport branch strongly oppose to Road Pricing, and broad argumentation has been developed in the recent political debate. These representatives consider that road transport sector is already overtaxed, and even put into question the matter of external costs. Also, they predict serious negative impacts in the competitiveness of Europe's economy and industry, employment and development, if Road Pricing is implemented. However, for some points of view, Road Pricing represents the unique effective tool for transport policy. The implementation of urban tolls could possibly have negative sideeffects in the city's social cohesion and urban structure, that must been taken into account when designing a Road Pricing urban system. The issue of compensation of those who will no more afford to pay for the charges of car use must be taken into account, in terms of the offered mobility to all parts of the city. The extra revenues must remain in the transport sector, and finance the improvement of public transport. Transactions on the Built Environment vol 33, © 1998 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509