User Requirements Specification Research Articles

Co-Designing a Conversational Agent with Frail and Impaired Older People to Enhance Ageing in Place through Self-management and Empowerment

Background: SMILE is a collaborative project between Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, Canada, and Greece. The aim is to enable older people to live an independent and active life, irrespective of frailty, physical and/or cognitive impairments using eHealth solutions developed in co-creation with service users. The aim of the eHealth solution is to enable ageing in place, by combining prevention, prediction, communication, timely care, and assistance to help older people be engaged in their own condition and remain connected with their community. A user requirement specification and co-creation workshops was conducted in 2021 prior to the development of a Digital Care Facilitator (DCF) and a Conversational Agent (CA).
 Methods: The co-creation process entails initial interviews and observations conducted in Denmark, Norway, and the Netherlands, and 4 phases of co-creation workshops with service users. The initial interviews and observations provided an overview of the service users current practices e.g., daily activities and self-management of own health condition, their use of technology, and insight into requirements and needs for a future eHealth solution. Specifically, nine areas of interest were identified: 1) clinical condition, 2) physical activities, 3) sleep quality, 4) nutrition and hydration, 5) hygiene, 6) mental health, 7) social health, 8) air quality and 9) entertainment. The nine features were presented and discussed among 16 participants with COPD at phase 1 workshops in Denmark and Norway in May 2022. The features were presented to the participants in paper format, where partici-pants could ask questions and share thoughts. Then the participants were given four post-it’s on which they individually could write down the four features they found most valuable and that met their daily needs the most.
 Results: The phase 1 workshops helped narrow down nine areas of interest, to four specific features to include in the design of a conversational agent (CA), based on direct input from service users. The four features from the phase 1 workshops include: 1) health condition, 2) daily activity 3) social life, and 4) circadian rhythm. Input from the participants suggest that the valuable features of interest can enable an independent lifestyle and wellbeing without being disease or diagnose specific. 
 Conclusion: The four features identified through input from the services user’s, formed the basis for development of a mock-up of the CA. The CA was presented at a phase 2 workshop, where input from user’s will be used to further develop and design the interface and the content of the CA and the DCF. The initial interviews and observations suggest that designing an interface for older frail people to ease information access and communication with care givers should not be specific to one condition but address how to support physiological, psychological, and social parameters that are meaningful for the age group. The results indicate that a focus on the four areas; health condition, daily activity, social life, and circadian rhythm, are relevant to ad-dress in future development of service design for older adults (65+), as they may contribute to increased empowerment, well-being and ageing in place.

Preparation of the User Requirements Specification for ETCS Level 2 System in Serbia - Experiences and Challenges

This paper presents a strategy implemented for preparation of the national User Requirements Specifications (URS) for European Train Control System (ETCS) with Level 2 in the Republic of Serbia. The requirements were the result of several parallel activities: gaining experience from similar implementations of the ETCS in the framework of the European TEN-T corridor railway lines, consultations about the specific technical solutions with the institutions and several suppliers of signalling equipment. The process resulted with a comprehensive specification, which will be used as a firm basis for further implementation of the ETCS system on Serbian railway network.

Penerapan Strategi Marketing Pada Aisyah Desert and Drinks Menggunakan Landing Page

The role of internet technology is felt to be increasingly important because it provides multiple benefits for digital marketing. landing page as an online shop system that is very accurate so that any information is included in it. Aisyah Desert and Drinks is one of the food and beverage businesses in Jembrana Regency. Due to the lack of media for offline promotion and information as well as to improve the quality of marketing. then a strategy was built by designing and entering online shop information that aims to make it easier for customers to order at Aisyah Desert and Drinks online based on a website in the form of a landing page. The advantage of using a landing page is being able to create informative and educational offering content, so that potential buyers are interested in buying products and will be very helpful in promoting businesses through this online system. in making this landing page using the waterfall method. This model is actually a "Linear Sequential Model" which describes a systematic and sequential approach to software development, starting with the specification of user requirements and then continuing through the stages of planning, modeling, construction, as well as delivery of the system to the users (deployment).

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI KLUB FUTSAL PADA ASOSIASI FUTSAL KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG

Information technology currently has a very important role in all fields and aspects of life, both in the world of business, politics, and the economy. This is because the company's or society's needs for information can be met with technological developments. Academies or futsal clubs that have been registered in the futsal association of Pandeglang Regency are as many as 12 academies or clubs. In the futsal association of Pandeglang district, there is still a lack of organizational management and the administration of the academy or futsal club has not been organized. SDLC (system development life cycle) software development methodology with the water model waterfall, where it describes a systematic and sequential approach to software development, starting with the specification of user requirements and then continuing through the stages of planning (planning), modeling (modeling), construction (construction), and delivery of the system to customers/users (deployment), ending with support for the complete software produced. The results obtained are the application of information systems at the futsal association of Pandeglang district which will make it easier to manage player data and league match result data. With the association website futsal will make it easier to provide information about Futsal management information regarding the Official Leagues by futsal activists in Pandeglang Regency. With the futsal association website, it can solve organizational management problems for each futsal academy and club in Pandeglang Regency. With the futsal association website, you can complete the administrative order of the Academy or Futsal Club in Pandeglang Regency

The development of an artificial intelligence-based digital pathology for neglected tropical diseases: A platform specific analysis of the World Health Organization diagnostic target product profile for soil-transmitted helminthiasis

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published target product profiles (TPPs) for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) to inform and accelerate the development of diagnostics tools necessary to achieve targets in the decade ahead. These TPPs describe the minimal and ideal requirements for various diagnostic needs related to NTD specific use-cases. An early step towards the manufacture and implementation of new diagnostics is to critically review the TPPs and translate these into an initial design and ultimately into user requirement specifications (URS). Artificial intelligence-based digital pathology (AI-DP) may overcome critical shortcomings of current standards for most NTDs reliant on microscopy, such as poor reproducibility and error-prone manual read-out. Furthermore, a digitalised workflow can create opportunities to reduce operational costs via increased throughput and automated data capture, analysis, and reporting. Despite these promising benefits, a critical review of the NTD TPPs with consideration to an AI-DP diagnostic solution is lacking. We present a systematic analysis of one of the WHO TPPs with the aim to inform the development of a URS for an AI-DP solution for NTDs. As a case study we focused on monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of programs designed to control soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). To this end, we start by outlining a brief overview of diagnostic needs for STHs, after which we systematically analyse the recently published WHO TPPs, highlighting the technical considerations for an AI-DP diagnostic solution to meet the minimal requirements for this TPP. Finally, we further reflect on the feasibility of an AI-DP informing STH programs towards the WHO 2030 targets in due time.

CRITICAL EQUIPMENT QUALIFICATION PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE HOMOGENIZATION PROCESS OF MEDICAL CANNABIS SEMI-SOLID PHARMACEUTICALS

The medical cannabis has been used for many of years for medicinal purpose, in different pharmaceuticalformulation, mostly as a magistral preparation for the relief of pain in cancer patients or chronical painful diseases.Over than 540 substances were found from which more than 100 that have been found to be cannabinoids due totheir similar chemical structure. The component with the most psychotropic action is Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC), and the major non-psychoactive ingredient is cannabidiol (CBD). Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol firstly wasisolated in 1969 by Robert Mechoulm and Yechiel Gaoni. In 2003 World Health Organization put Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol in Schedule IV of the convention. Several therapeutic indications relate to the Δ9 -THC andCBD as analgesia, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, and many other cases. In some studies, there arereported safety concerns about the registered side effects of Δ9 - THC as a psychoactive. For that reason, the legalusage of cannabis for medicinal purposes and for recreational use is regulated differently. The most relevantexplanation is related to the not enough sufficient results and data obtained from the pharmacokinetic studies andresearch in pharmacological behavior. Extracts of cannabis was used from many years ago. Nowadays inpharmaceutical industry as the development of technology there are many dosage forms in where extracts,cannabinoids, flower are used. Medicinal cannabis products can come in many different forms, including capsules,drops, chewable, creams, crystals, flower, lozenges, oil (most common), oro-mucosal sprays, tinctures and manymore. Also, there are synthetic analogs to nature cannabinoids in pharmaceutical market. In this study will bediscussed about production of semisolid pharmaceutical forms obtained from medical cannabis. They are producedin pharmaceutical grade equipment, high-pressure homogenizer mixer. In this study it will be discussed about theprocess of equipment qualification. Firstly, by the user requirement specification, design qualification protocol wasapproved. Then factory acceptance test was performed in production site of equipment and site acceptance test wasperformed in costumer’s site. Then installation qualification protocol was look through and then operationalqualification protocol also. All the qualification protocols were approved by both sides. In different qualificationprotocols, different tests were performed, and they are explained separately. During the qualification process, thereare considered some of the parameters which later during the production process can affect in the quality of finishedproducts. These parameters are called critical process parameters and accent will be put on this process parametersthat are with a critical effect on quality of the final products. This critical process parameters were considered andconcluded from qualification protocols where all the parameters that can affect quality of the product wereseparately examine.

An Efficient HVAC Network Control for Safety Enhancement of a Typical Uninterrupted Power Supply Battery Storage Room

Lead-acid batteries utilised in electrical substations release hydrogen and oxygen when these are charged. These gases could be dangerous and cause a risk of fire if they are not properly ventilated. Therefore, this research seeks to design and implement a network control panel for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (HVACS). This is achieved by using a specific range of controllers, which have more than thirty loops of proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control to achieve a cost-effective design. It performs the required function of extracting hydrogen and oxygen, maintaining the desired temperature of the battery storage room within recommended limits (i.e., 25 ± 1 °C tolerance) without compromising quality, as set out in the user requirement specification. The system control panel allows the user to access control parameters such as changing temperature set-points, fan-speed, sensor database, etc. It does this automatically and allows no human interface after all necessary settings and installation are completed. The hardware is configured to detect extreme hydrogen and oxygen gas content in the battery room and to ensure that the HVACS extracts the gas content to the outside environment. The system’s results show that the network control panel operates effectively as per the recommended system requirements. Therefore, the effective operation of the HVACS ensures sufficient gas ventilation, thus mitigating the risk of fire in a typical battery storage room. Furthermore, this also enhances battery lifespan because of regulated operating temperature, which is conducive to minimise the effect of sulfation in lead–acid batteries (LAB). The extraction of toxic gases, regulation of temperature, ensuring suitable humidity in UPS battery room is important as it provides longer operational service of equipment, thus reducing frequent maintenance in these rooms. This benefits the electricity supply industry and helps in saving for unplanned maintenance costs.

Application Design For Office Stationary Inventory Management Based On Vb.Net At PT. Hunu Osias Padmada Eara Karawang

The availability of office stationery is very important to make the required work smooth. In order for ATK management to be handled properly, an application is needed to manage ATK inventory data using a technology-based information system so that it becomes a complete information system. The method used by the author in conducting this research is the Waterfall model system development method starting from the specification of user requirements, planning, modeling, and coding. The method of specification of user requirements includes interviews, observations, literature studies, and documentation studies. The planning method includes the tasks to be carried out including the risks that may occur and the work schedule. Modeling methods include the design of flow documents, DFD, data dictionary, and ERD. The coding includes a program designer with the VB.Net programming language with SQL Server 2008 database and application testing using black box testing, namely this test is intended to determine whether the functions, inputs and outputs of the software are in accordance with the required specifications. To simplify reporting and recording so that errors do not occur, it is necessary to design and implement a system that can facilitate inter-related functions within the company by using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 (VB.Net) and Microsoft SQL Server 2008. With the implementation of this system, it is expected will be useful for the company in its operations in the future.

SISTEM INFORMASI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN RAWAT INAP MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK LARAVEL

The health services is a place that provides health services which include inpatient, outpatient and emergency services. Inpatient is a service provided to patients, where the patient has to undergo a treatment process which is handled directly by a doctor in accordance with the complaint of the disease. Easy service and fast handling from the health care unit both in terms of rooms and from the patient side are of course very much needed by inpatients. The problem that occurs is that it is difficult for inpatients to know the availability of rooms, making it difficult for patients to undergo treatment. Apart from the availability of rooms, the inpatient registration system is still being used in paper format. This results in piles of patient files making it difficult to find patient data and causes errors to be encountered when making reports due to loss of patient files. In this research, an Inpatient Information System will be built that can be used by various health services so that all inpatient data in health services can be integrated into this system. The research method used in this research uses the waterfall method, which starts from the specification of user requirements, planning, modeling, construction and software implementation. This system is built using the Laravel Framework using the PHP language which is used to build web-based applications in a more structured way. This information system was built with the aim of helping and facilitating the services provided to patients in the health care unit. Both in terms of inpatient registration, making patient reports, managing patient data and the availability of inpatient rooms.

Energy efficiency in cleanrooms and separative devices: ISO 14644-16, outreach article

Abstract The ISO 14644 family of cleanroom standards has been at the center of international cleanroom standards development for many years and covers most facets of cleanroom activity and cleanroom types from large ballroom cleanrooms to isolators and clean tunnels. The series is under constant review and is still expanding. Recent documents that have been released concern the quantification of airborne and surface chemical concentrations, nanoparticles and the selection and testing of equipment used within these rooms. However, apart from some misleading information in the original Part 4 design document, questions concerning the energy demands from air purification processing have been overlooked. Nationally, institutions such as the BSI in UK, DIN- VDI in Germany and IEST in the USA have produced limited information on the topic, but Part 16 is the first standard to be internationally agreed upon. The key new features of the standard are a) the preparation of an accurate User Requirement Specification (URS), b) a practical method for estimating the volume of supply air needed to maintain the specified ISO room classifications in operation, c) tuning and d) benchmarking. An informative annex develops three useful metrics for benchmarking: power intensity for contamination removal (PICR), fan energy intensity for contamination removal (EICR) and energy intensity (EI).

Automatic Generation and Optimization of Test case using Hybrid Cuckoo Search and Bee Colony Algorithm

Abstract Software testing is a very important technique to design the faultless software and takes approximately 60% of resources for the software development. It is the process of executing a program or application to detect the software bugs. In software development life cycle, the testing phase takes around 60% of cost and time. Test case generation is a method to identify the test data and satisfy the software testing criteria. Test case generation is a vital concept used in software testing, that can be derived from the user requirements specification. An automatic test case technique determines automatically where the test cases or test data generates utilizing search based optimization method. In this paper, Cuckoo Search and Bee Colony Algorithm (CSBCA) method is used for optimization of test cases and generation of path convergence within minimal execution time. The performance of the proposed CSBCA was compared with the performance of existing methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search (CS), Bee Colony Algorithm (BCA), and Firefly Algorithm (FA).

Entrepreneurship Information System Design with ICONIX Process for a Student Business Unit Marketplace

Indonesia consistently encourage youth generation to become entrepreneurs who have high competitiveness. University plays a role in developing the entrepreneurial spirit and activities of each student as a representative of the youth generation. University provides entrepreneurship courses that are expected to foster interest and encourage the entrepreneurial spirit of students in creating business units. Student business units can create products or services needed by the community and can employ others. This study aims to design student entrepreneurship information systems. The student entrepreneurship information system is a web application-based marketplace to accommodate and promote all products and services of each student business unit. The results of research in the form of UML design with the ICONIX Process approach can provide an overview development of student entrepreneurship information systems in determining the specifications of user requirements, system requirements specifications, and system design.

Approaches in Creating Meta-requirement: A Systematic Literature Review

Common development team will spend less resources on User Requirement Specification (URS) validation, in the case of development project that provides this URS in the phase of competing for tender. In order to overcome this, the use of meta-requirement in evaluation of requirements is being introduce. The purpose of this article is to present the finding of a systematic literature review of meta-requirements. A methodology that involve defining a systematic way of finding literature and presenting it in a meaningful manner has been adopted. Meta-requirement is an area that is station within the field of information system design theory which is contain in the design research body of knowledge. Based on the result of the analysis of the systematic literature review, it is shown that there is still advancement in the field of meta-requirement and there still improvement that can be done to further the knowledge and contribution in this area. It is suggested that further research that will define a highly comprehensive model of creating meta-requirement should be undergo and the issue of meta-requirement traceability against real-world requirements should be tackle.

User Requirement Validation: Challenge Exploration in Pre-project Execution

The need for validation technique for user requirement or in other term Tender Specification at the Request for Tender (RFT) is vital. Without much resource for vendor to dispose of, the outcome of this research will proof useful. The purpose of this article is to determine the gap of initial and finish software product, method of eliminate or mitigate those gaps, list of OO artefacts and their relevancy towards the research. Finding of this article will be the basis of interconnecting user requirement specification and meta-requirement via UML. Based on the result, RE plays an important role in the survivability of a project, there are a few researches being done for solutions in the field of RFT specification validation, UML is the most relevant artefacts and usability of UML diagram ranked based on consistency is relevant toward connecting UML and meta-requirement. It is suggested that further research is to be carried out that will define the connection between user requirement specification in the form of UML to meta-requirement in order to achieve the overall objective of the research.

Meta-Requirement Mapping Model

The challenges faced by software vendor in competing for tenders in todays are massive and are desperately in need of intervention by the kind people of the research community. With very small resources available at their disposal, it is a daunting task them in the pursue to gain new software development projects each time new tenders are coming out. The objective of this publication is to propose an initial model that utilizes meta-requirement as a medium to validate the User Requirement Specification document that is included in the RFT. Looking forward, an algorithm will be developed for realizing the associations that was define in the propose model.

Engineering Requirements of a Herpes Simplex Virus Patient Registry: Discovery Phase of a Real-World Evidence Platform to Advance Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine.

Comprehensive pharmacogenomic understanding requires both robust genomic and demographic data. Patient registries present an opportunity to collect large amounts of robust, patient-level data. Pharmacogenomic advancement in the treatment of infectious diseases is yet to be fully realised. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one disease for which pharmacogenomic understanding is wanting. This paper aims to understand the key factors that impact data collection quality for medical registries and suggest potential design features of an HSV medical registry to overcome current constraints and allow for this data to be used as a complement to genomic and clinical data to further the treatment of HSV. This paper outlines the discovery phase for the development of an HSV registry with the aim of learning about the users and their contexts, the technological constraints and the potential improvements that can be made. The design requirements and user stories for the HSV registry have been identified for further alpha phase development. The current landscape of HSV research and patient registry development were discussed. Through the analysis of the current state of the art and thematic user analysis, potential design features were elucidated to facilitate the collection of high-quality, robust patient-level data which could contribute to advances in pharmacogenomic understanding and personalised medicine in HSV. The user requirements specification for the development of an HSV registry has been summarised and implementation strategies for the alpha phase discussed.

Augmented Reality As Android Based Learning Media for Wood Field Laboratory Work

The objectives of this research were: (1) producing Android-based AR products in the form of a Wood Field Laboratory Work module in Department of Civil and Planning Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering UNY to facilitate students’ visualization abilities; (2) knowing the quality of Augmented Reality products for the Wood Field Laboratory Work module so that it is suitable for use by students and teaching staff; and (3) addressing the learning problems that have so far been present in the Wood Field Laboratory Work. The method used was the Software Development Life Cycle software development model which was described by the v-model waterfall. The v-model included: (1) the stage of specification of user requirements; (2) system architecture design; (3) designing components; (4) writing program codes; and (5) testing. The test results using ISO 25010 indicated that the application of learning media was stated to be very feasible in functional suitability, compability, and usability aspects. While from the performance efficiency aspect, the application was considered feasible because there was no memory leak on the device that run it, and CPU usage by five different devices reaches 10%, which is still below the safe limit (15%).

Experimental Analysis for Semantic based Large Scale Service Composition using Deep Learning

In Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) web services plays important role. Web services are web application components that can be published, found, and used on the Web. Also machine-to-machine communication over a network can be achieved through web services. Cloud computing and distributed computing brings lot of web services into WWW. Web service composition is the process of combing two or more web services to together to satisfy the user requirements. Tremendous increase in the number of services and the complexity in user requirement specification make web service composition as challenging task. The automated service composition is a technique in which Web Service Composition can be done automatically with minimal or no human intervention. In this paper we propose a approach of web service composition methods for large scale environment by considering the QoS Parameters. We have used stacked autoencoders to learn features of web services. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) leverages uses the learned features to predict the new composition. Experiment results show the efficiency and scalability. Use of deep learning algorithm in web service composition, leads to high success rate and less computational cost.

Towards a Bespoke Document Tracking System for Philippine Higher Educational Institutions

This study on the development and validation of a document tracking model for utilization of Philippine Higher Education Institutions was undertaken to produce a system that would facilitate the management of documents in state universities or colleges by providing a way to monitor, record and track the location of in-process documents to support an academic organization. The Software Development Process was used as basis for the development of the software involving phases such as user requirements specification, design and implementation, validation and evolution (i.e. the process of changing or modifying the system once it has gone validation and yielded feedbacks for further modification). The acceptability of the software as evaluated by forty (40) office personnel representing every units of the Tarlac Agricultural University – the sample locale of the study, was confirmed in terms of user interface and functionality. These evaluators judged the software based on their skills and ability to use the software while carrying out their job functions. Five (5) IT experts also judged the software in terms of user interface, functionality, database design and security. Based on the results of the study, findings indicate that the document tracking system is excellent for the evaluators as process owners with a grand mean of 4.54 with its ease of use because of the simplicity of operations and the design itself with the reliability and usability or fitness for purpose as to tracking in-process documents and generating reports. The experts also evaluated the system as excellent with a grand mean of 4.58 – hence, the system’s visual, functional and navigational elements and the manner it requests information helps the user operate the document tracker. Security was also judged as excellent because the system can control users and produce integral records.

A Digital Cognitive Aid for Anesthesia to Support Intraoperative Crisis Management: Results of the User-Centered Design Process.

BackgroundStressful situations during intraoperative emergencies have negative impact on human cognitive functions. Consequently, task performance may decrease and patient safety may be compromised. Cognitive aids can counteract these effects and support anesthesiologists in their crisis management. The Professional Association of German Anesthesiologists set up a project to develop a comprehensive set of digital cognitive aids for intraoperative emergencies. A parallel development for several software platforms and stationary and mobile devices will accommodate the inhomogeneity of the information technology infrastructure within German anesthesia departments.ObjectiveThis paper aimed to provide a detailed overview of how the task of developing a digital cognitive aid for intraoperative crisis management in anesthesia was addressed that meets user requirements and is highly user-friendly.MethodsA user-centered design (UCD) process was conducted to identify, specify, and supplement the requirements for a digital cognitive aid. The study covered 4 aspects: analysis of the context of use, specification of user requirements, development of design solutions, and evaluation of design solutions. Three prototypes were developed and evaluated by end users of the application. Following each evaluation, the new requirements were prioritized and used for redesign. For the first and third prototype, the System Usability Scale (SUS) score was determined. The second prototype was evaluated with an extensive Web-based questionnaire. The evaluation of the third prototype included a think-aloud protocol.ResultsThe chosen methods enabled a comprehensive collection of requirements and helped to improve the design of the application. The first prototype achieved an average SUS score of 74 (SD 12), indicating good usability. The second prototype included the following main revisions: 2-column layout, initial selection of patient type (infant, adult, or parturient), 4 offered search options, and the option to check off completed action steps. Its evaluation identified the following major revision points: add quick selection for resuscitation checklists, design the top bar and tabs slightly larger, and add more pictograms to the text. The third prototype achieved an average SUS score of 77 (SD 15). The evaluation of the think-aloud protocol revealed a good intuitiveness of the application and identified a missing home button as the main issue.ConclusionsAnesthesiology—as an acute medical field—is particularly characterized by its high demands on decision making and action in dynamic, or time-critical situations. The integration of usability aspects is essential for everyday and emergency suitability. The UCD process allowed us to develop a prototypical digital cognitive aid, exhibiting high usability and user satisfaction in the demanding environment of anesthesiological emergencies. Both aspects are essential to increase the acceptance of the application in later stages. The study approach, combining different methods for determining user requirements, may be useful for other implementation projects in a highly demanding environment.