User's Option Research Articles

The Evaluation and Effectiveness of Regional Language Patient Information Leaflets for Persons with Chronic Kidney Disease

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop Chronic Kidney Disease Patient Information Leaflets (CKD-PILs) to test their understandability and assess their usefulness. Materials and Methods: Prospective observational research was carried out in a dialysis unit at renowned medical care for 9 months and 140 CKD patients enrolled in the study to evaluate prepared CKD-PILs. Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) is prepared by referring to various medical database and it’s evaluated using computer-aided readability tools using the website “http://r eadabilityscore.com”. Afterward, PIL was translated into a regional language and verified by a subject expert. The design and layout were analyzed using BADL criteria and user option tests. Results: Prepared CKD-PILs found to be good design and layout as per BALD and user opinion (BALD Assamese: 27, BALD English: 28; User opinion: 82.7% for Assamese PILs and 89.2% for English PILs). The mean scores on the knowledge evaluated using user testing methods and Disease management and lifestyle-related knowledge increased from 49.08±4.16 to 80.40±5.71 (p<0.001) and is statistically significant. Conclusion: The results showed significant improvement of their lifestyle and disease-related knowledge after the implementation of PILs. The Prepared CKD-based patient information leaflets have been found to be a good and effective educational tool for CKD patients.

EvoCluster: An Open-Source Nature-Inspired Optimization Clustering Framework

EvoCluster is an open source and cross-platform framework implemented in Python language, which includes the most well-known and recent nature-inspired metaheuristic optimizers that are customized to perform partitional clustering tasks. This paper is an extension to the existing EvoCluster framework in which it includes different distance measures for the objective function, different techniques of detecting the k value, and a user option to consider either supervised or unsupervised datasets. The current implementation of the framework includes ten metaheuristic optimizers, thirty datasets, five objective functions, twelve evaluation measures, more than twenty distance measures, and ten different ways for detecting the k value. The source code of EvoCluster is publicly available at http://evo-ml.com/evocluster/ .

HTR-1.2 solver: Hypersonic Task-based Research solver version 1.2

We present an updated version of the open-source Hypersonics Task-based Research (HTR) solver for hypersonic aerothermodynamics. The solver, whose first version was presented in Di Renzo et al. (2020), is designed for direct numerical simulation (DNS) of canonical hypersonic flows at high Reynolds numbers in which thermo-chemical effects induced by high temperatures are relevant. The solver relies on high-order spatial discretization on structured meshes and efficient time integrators for stiff systems within the Regent/Legion software stack, which makes the code highly portable and scalable in CPU and GPU-based supercomputers. The new version herein presented includes several optimizations and new tools for data analysis, along with novel user option for hybrid skew-symmetric/targeted essentially non-oscillatory numerics, to offer higher computational efficiency and lower numerical dissipation at moderate Mach numbers, inclusion of a new combustion mechanism for methane and oxygen, and new recycling–rescaling inlet boundary conditions targeted to the simulation of fully developed turbulent boundary layers. New version program summaryProgram Title: Hypersonics Task-based Research solverCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/9zsxjtzfr7.2Developer’s repository link:https://github.com/stanfordhpccenter/HTR-solver.gitLicensing provisions: BSD 2-clauseProgramming language: Regent, C++, and CUDAJournal Reference of previous version: Di Renzo, M., Fu, L., & Urzay, J. (2020). HTR solver: An open-source exascale-oriented task-based multi-GPU high-order code for hypersonic aerothermodynamics. Computer Physics Communications, 107262.Does the new version supersede the previous version?: YesReasons for the new version: Release of new featuresSummary of revisions:•New optional sixth-order hybrid scheme has been implemented (activated by the flag “hybridScheme” in the input file). The scheme combines the energy-preserving properties of a sixth-order skew-symmetric central difference scheme [1] in smooth flow regions with the shock-capturing properties of a sixth-order targeted essentially non-oscillatory (TENO) scheme at points where shocks are involved. The switch between the two schemes is controlled by a TENO sensor whose cutoff value is adapted based on the maximum value of a modified Ducros sensor [2] across the reconstruction stencil. If the flag “hybridScheme” is set to false, the numerical scheme will revert to the TENO6-A scheme released in the previous version of the solver [3];•New recycling–rescaling inflow boundary conditions [4,5] for the simulation of turbulent compressible boundary layers are now available to the user;•Support for Legion tracing, which significantly improves the strong scalability of the solver, has been implemented;•A diagnostic tool to monitor the time evolution of the flow variables in a subvolume of the computational domain is now available;•A single-step chemistry mechanism for methane/oxygen combustion has been added to the mixtures handled by the HTR solver;•Sample scripts for strong scaling have been added to the “testcases” directory;•Unit test and regression test suites have been added to the repository;•The input file scheme has been modified in order to reduce verbosity and increase flexibility in specifying the boundary conditions and type of gas mixture;•Hyperbolic sine stretching functions have been made available to users during the grid generation process;•Computationally intensive tasks have been ported to C++ and CUDA in order to achieve higher efficiency on all hardware;•Several optimizations of the tasks body and mapper have been implemented in order to increase the computational efficiency and reduce the memory footprint.Nature of problem: This code solves the Navier–Stokes equations at hypersonic Mach numbers including finite-rate chemistry for dissociating air and multicomponent transport. The solver is designed for direct numerical simulations (DNS) of transitional and turbulent hypersonic turbulent flows under high-enthalpy conditions, and it accounts for thermochemical effects (vibrational excitation and chemical dissociation).Solution method: This code uses a low-dissipation sixth-order schemes for the spatial discretization of the conservation equations on Cartesian stretched meshes. Time advancement is carried out by either an explicit method if chemistry is slow, hence not introducing additional stiffness, or by an operator-splitting algorithm whereby chemical production rates are handled implicitly.Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The HTR solver builds on the runtime Legion [6,7] and is written in the programming language Regent [8,9] developed at Stanford University. Instructions for installation of the components are provided in the README file enclosed with the HTR solver and in the Legion repository [6].

An online intervention for improving stroke survivors\u2019 health-related quality of life: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundRecurrent stroke is a major contributor to stroke-related disability and costs. Improving health-risk behaviours and mental health has the potential to significantly improve recovery, enhance health-related quality of life (HRQoL), independent living, and lower the risk of recurrent stroke. The primary aim will be to test the effectiveness of an online intervention to improve HRQoL among stroke survivors at 6 months’ follow-up. Programme effectiveness on four health behaviours, anxiety and depression, cost-effectiveness, and impact on other hospital admissions will also be assessed.Methods/designAn open-label randomised controlled trial is planned. A total of 530 adults will be recruited across one national and one regional stroke registry and block randomised to the intervention or minimal care control group. The intervention group will receive access to the online programme Prevent 2nd Stroke (P2S); the minimal care control group will receive an email with Internet addresses of generic health sites designed for the general population. The primary outcome, HRQoL, will be measured using the EuroQol-5D. A full analysis plan will compare between groups from baseline to follow-up.DiscussionA low-cost per user option to supplement current care, such as P2S, has the potential to increase HRQoL for stroke survivors, and reduce the risk of second stroke.Trial registrationAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ID: ACTRN12617001205325p. Registered on 17 August 2017.

Index Option Anomalies: How Real Are They?

We examine empirical “puzzles” documented in several high profile studies of the market for S&P 500 index options, such as the overpricing of out-of-the money (OTM) put options and at-the-money (ATM) straddles. We find that without any exception the theoretical bases of these studies have ignored persistent features of the index option market data such as the wide bid-ask spreads for OTM options, the partial segmentation of the market for puts and calls, and the inconsistency of the parameter estimates for different maturity options, which we document in our data. We present simple theoretical models of the end user option trader that incorporate these features and are parsimonious in terms of other assumptions. We find that these puzzles disappear under such conditions and conclude that these apparent anomalies are probably due to the omission of the above features.

GTest: a software tool for graphical assessment of empirical distributions' Gaussianity.

In the present paper, the novel software GTest is introduced, designed for testing the normality of a user-specified empirical distribution. It has been implemented with two unusual characteristics; the first is the user option of selecting four different versions of the normality test, each of them suited to be applied to a specific dataset or goal, and the second is the inferential paradigm that informs the output of such tests: it is basically graphical and intrinsically self-explanatory. The concept of inference-by-eye is an emerging inferential approach which will find a successful application in the near future due to the growing need of widening the audience of users of statistical methods to people with informal statistical skills. For instance, the latest European regulation concerning environmental issues introduced strict protocols for data handling (data quality assurance, outliers detection, etc.) and information exchange (areal statistics, trend detection, etc.) between regional and central environmental agencies. Therefore, more and more frequently, laboratory and field technicians will be requested to utilize complex software applications for subjecting data coming from monitoring, surveying or laboratory activities to specific statistical analyses. Unfortunately, inferential statistics, which actually influence the decisional processes for the correct managing of environmental resources, are often implemented in a way which expresses its outcomes in a numerical form with brief comments in a strict statistical jargon (degrees of freedom, level of significance, accepted/rejected H0, etc.). Therefore, often, the interpretation of such outcomes is really difficult for people with poor statistical knowledge. In such framework, the paradigm of the visual inference can contribute to fill in such gap, providing outcomes in self-explanatory graphical forms with a brief comment in the common language. Actually, the difficulties experienced by colleagues and their request for an effective tool for addressing such difficulties motivated us in adopting the inference-by-eye paradigm and implementing an easy-to-use, quick and reliable statistical tool. GTest visualizes its outcomes as a modified version of the Q-Q plot. The application has been developed in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) within MS Excel 2010, which demonstrated to have all the characteristics of robustness and reliability needed. GTest provides true graphical normality tests which are as reliable as any statistical quantitative approach but much easier to understand. The Q-Q plots have been integrated with the outlining of an acceptance region around the representation of the theoretical distribution, defined in accordance with the alpha level of significance and the data sample size. The test decision rule is the following: if the empirical scatterplot falls completely within the acceptance region, then it can be concluded that the empirical distribution fits the theoretical one at the given alpha level. A comprehensive case study has been carried out with simulated and real-world data in order to check the robustness and reliability of the software.

Design, Development and Qualification of 64 Channel Hybrid Analog Multiplexer for Space applications

As a miniaturization requirement of satellite payload electronics, 64 channel hybridized analog multiplexer (HAMUX) is developed and qualified using multilayer thick film hybrid technology as per Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) circuit type qualification process. The basic building block of HAMUX is radiation hardened, fault protected 16:1 channel analog multiplexer chip. The HAMUX can handle input voltage greater than power supply voltage with or without power to the device. Provision is made to use the voltage reference either internal or external. Cascade inputs are provided to go upto 256 channel multiplexing option. Both buffered and unbuffered outputs are provided to make it user selectable option. Radiation hardened HAMUX has Total Ionisation Dosage (TID) of more than 100KRads. All inputs to HAMUX are ESD protected for ease of device handling. HAMUX is tested and qualified for 50’g’ sine vibration requirement.

Imaging with cold neutrons

Abstract Neutrons for imaging purposes are provided mainly from thermal beam lines at suitable facilities around the world. The access to cold neutrons is presently limited to very few places only. However, many challenging options for imaging with cold neutrons have been found out, given by the interaction behavior of the observed materials with neutrons in the cold energy range (3–10 A). For absorbing materials, the interaction probability increases proportionally with the wavelength with the consequence of more contrast but less transmission with cold neutrons. Many materials are predominantly scattering neutrons, in particular most of crystalline structural materials. In these cases, cold neutrons play an important role by covering the energy range of the most important Bragg edges given by the lattice planes of the crystallites. This particular behavior can be used for at least two important aspects—choosing the right energy of the initial beam enables to have a material more or less transparent, and a direct macroscopic visualization of the crystalline structure and its change in a manufacturing process. Since 2006, PSI operates its second beam line for neutron imaging, where cold neutrons are provided from a liquid deuterium cold source (operated at 25 K). It has been designed to cover the most current aspects in neutron imaging research with the help of high flexibility. This has been done with changeable inlet apertures, a turbine based velocity selector, two beam positions and variable detector systems, satisfying the demands of the individual investigation. The most important detection system was found to be a micro-tomography system that enables studies in the presently best spatial resolution. In this case, the high contrast from the sample interaction process and the high detection probability for the cold neutrons combines in an ideal combination for the best possible performance. Recently, it was found out that the energy selective studies might become a research field in its own sing the Bragg edge behavior and its modification to contribute to material research by the direct visualization of textures and the observation of stress and strain. This topic is still in the beginning but has some important relevance for the design of future beam lines for imaging at the pulsed spallation sources. Considering the neutrons to be waves, the cold energy range is important to push and to investigate phase effects in detail with high spatial resolution. Although a lot of studies have been done in this respect previously, there is enough space to study refraction at the edges, diffraction and total reflection with the best possible accuracy, and to figure out when and why neutrons interfere. Phase contrast methods like grating interference methods have to be implemented as a user option, which enables one to define their future application range.

Electronic aids for daily living

OVERVIEW Electronic aids for daily living (EADLs) are devices used to help people access, operate, and control electrical appliances in the home, school, or workplace. The primary purpose of an EADL is consistent performance of necessary daily tasks. These devices also maximize functional ability and independence. Other names for EADLs are environmental control systems and environmental control units. Persons who use and benefit most from these devices are those with severe physical limitations that affect their mobility and upper limbs. Common diagnoses are tetraplegia, muscular atrophy, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EADLs are controlled either by an ability switch, touch screen, voice recognition, or integrated with other controls; controls can be integrated with computer access, wheelchair controls, or augmentative communication devices. For persons who use a switch to operate an EADL, a dual switch offers more control by allowing them to scan and select at their own speed and ability. Single-switch operation requires the user to activate the device by scanning through a list of choices, which limits the speed of operation to the scanning speed programmed into the unit. Integrated controls that operate an EADL are helpful and often necessary when a person has a limited number of switch-control sites available. For example, by integrating controls, a person can operate an environmental control system through the same controls (sip'n'puff switch, joystick, head array, etc.) used to operate a wheelchair. CATEGORIES Two broad categories of EADLs exist: computer-based and stand-alone. A computer-based EADL is a combination of hardware and software that is added to a computer system and allows control of the environment. A standalone EADL does not rely on a computer for its function. In general, a computer-based voice-activated EADL can offer superior voice recognition, vast amounts of visual and auditory feedback and prompting, and superior programmability. Although a computer-based system can be used for other functions in addition to control of the environment, the system becomes more vulnerable to viruses, glitches, and crashes. Stand-alone EADLs are not subject to the general vulnerabilities that can plague a computer system that is used for multiple applications. Stand-alone systems usually offer fewer options in terms of feedback, prompting, and programmability. Stand-alone systems are often more easily transported. Additional EADL resources can be found in the Appendix (available online only at http://www.rehab.research.va.gov). EADL feedback to the user may be visual or auditory. Visual feedback can be either static or dynamic. Static visual feedback could include a fixed label on each option. Dynamic visual feedback allows the options to change in accordance with the user input or option being presented. Auditory feedback could be in the form of a beep or a given word or phrase. Depending on the EADL, a combination of visual and auditory feedback is possible. DEVICES TO CONTROL Common types of electrical appliances controlled by EADLs are telephones, lights, door openers, door locks, fans, drapes, blinds, beds, audiovisual equipment, home climate controls, call systems, and security cameras. These appliances are usually controlled by one of the following methods: (1) infrared (IR), (2) X-10, and (3) direct connection. IR controls many different appliances in the same way a television remote control. IR transmission requires line of sight. As a result, the controlling signal cannot operate a device located in another room or even in the same room if the two devices cannot see one another with a ray of light. If a device requires IR control, an IR extension cable or distribution box can be used to extend the signal to the remote area. Alternatively, IR can be transformed into a radio frequency (RF) signal, which will allow more pervasive transmission of the signal. …

A client/server system for internet access to biomedical text/image databanks

Internet access to mixed text/image databanks is finding application in the medical world. An example is a database of medical X-rays and associated data consisting of demographic, socioeconomic, physician's exam, medical laboratory and other information collected as part of a nationwide health survey conducted by the government. Another example is a collection of digitized cryosection images, CT and MR taken of cadavers as part of the National Library of Medicine's Visible Human Project. In both cases, the challenge is to provide access to both the images and the associated text for a wide end user community to create atlases, conduct epidemiological studies, to develop image-specific algorithms for compression, enhancement and other types of image processing, among many other applications. The databanks mentioned above are being created in prototype form. This paper describes the prototype system developed for the archiving of the data and the client software to enable a broad range of end users to access the archive, retrieve text and image data, display the data and manipulate the images. System design considerations include: data organization in a relational database management system with object-oriented extensions; a hierarchical organization of the image data by different resolution levels for different user classes; client design based on common hardware and software platforms incorporating SQL search capability, X Window, Motif and TAE (a development environment supporting rapid prototyping and management of graphic-oriented user interfaces); potential to include ultra high resolution display monitors as a user option; intuitive user interface paradigm for building complex queries; and contrast enhancement, magnification and mensuration tools for better viewing by the user.

Software Reviews : Student Systat and Data Analysis with Student Systat, DOS Edition Publisher: Course Technologies, One Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142; 800-648-7450 Year of Publication: 1994 Version Reviewed: DOS version 1.0 (Windows and Mac versions, not reviewed here, are also available) Materials: 3.5" Student Systat disk; Data Analysis with Student Systat (479-page hard-copy statistics text/workbook) Price: $49.95 suggested retail

This disk/textbook package combines a student version of the well-known Systat statistical analysis software (see SSCORE, 1990) with a hard-copy statistics text/workbook. The text ( Data Analysis with Student Systat DOS Edition) was written by Ken neth N. Berk, a mathematician-statistician at Illinois State Uni versity. The Student Systat program features pull-down menus or command language interfaces (user option) and allows up to 100 vari ables and 32,000 cases with keyboard input or import from various file formats. Statistics include a full range of descriptive measures and inferential tests, including measures of association for tables, simple and multiple regression procedures, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and time series analysis. Graphics capabilities include histograms, box plots, stem-and-leaf diagrams, scatter plots, and 3-D rotating plots. These powerful graphics set the Student Systat program apart from its competitors.

Development of Compact Disk-Write-Once Hybrid Disk

We developed the new hybrid disk which has a read-only area (ROM), that is, a premastered area, and write-once area (WO), where writing is possible. To be compatible with a compact disk (CD), the disk is a single plate and organic dye is used for the recording layer. The disk has high productivity because there is the possibility of spin-coating the organic dye onto not only the WO area but to pits in the ROM area as well. Furthermore, the disk can have multiple ROM and WO areas as the user's option. To satisfy the CD standards a high reflection rate is achieved by means of characterizing the shape of pits in the ROM area and pregrooves in the WO area. The disk yields good CD playback signals after recording.

Program to calculate the structural and energetic properties of aqueous solutions of binary systems using the Monte Carlo method

To study the hydration of such systems a suite of programs, MCBS, using the Monte Carlo method (MC) has been devised. Calculations were carried out for an NVT assembly with periodic boundary conditions using the method of minimum search and spherical potential refinement [i]. At the user's option the Markow realizator can be chosen as random, consecutive or preferred sampling [2]. For water-water interactions Jorgenson TIP4P potentials are used [3], for water-dissolved solution A (B) is used, and for molecules (ions) A and B potentials of the type 1-6-12 [4]. Alternatively the user can provide his own potentials.

Culture and Region: A Multidimensional Evaluation of Monuments

The issue of assessing the compound socioeconomic and historicocultural values of monuments is addressed. Monuments are part of the historical and cultural heritage of a country, region, or city. They are a potential source of economic development (for example, by means of tourism), but they also have their own indigenous value. A plea is made for planning for preservation of the cultural heritage by emphasizing the intangible attributes of urban monuments. In this context, the notion of option value plays an important role. The actual compound evaluation of cultural monuments, based on both user value and option value, is then undertaken by means of a recently developed multicriteria technique for qualitative assessment, namely the regime method. The method is briefly described and next applied to evaluate the socioeconomic and functional-urban value as well as the historicocultural value of twenty churches in the city of Thessaloniki. The results are presented in visual form by means of bar charts pertaining to three different types of scenarios. These outcomes appear to be reasonably robust across all scenarios. Some remarks are made about the use of such methods in the broader context of monument restoration policy.

PT-system, TX-system, PX-system: Three programs which calculate pressure-temperature-composition phase diagrams

PT-SYSTEM, TX-SYSTEM, and PX-SYSTEM are three FORTRAN 77 programs that calculate complete pressure-temperature ( P-T), temperature-composition ( T- X H 2 O- CO 2), and pressure-composition ( P- X H 2 O- CO 2) diagrams. The output of these programs can be plotted for visual representation of phase relations, or inspected from tables. The programs initially generate all possible reactions in the user-specified compositional and PTX space. At the user's option, each point of every reaction is tested for stability with respect to all other phases in the system, and metastable extensions are erased. If a curve is metastable completely, the list of remaining reactions is pruned of those which are metastable entirely within the specified PTX limits of the diagram. Finally, all curves are labeled with stable assemblages. The software is distributed with a recommended thermodynamic database, but a variety of equations of state are provided so that the programs can be used with different data sets. Functions are provided for temperature-dependent disordering, polymorphic transitions, and solid solutions. Run-time options include setting the P, T, X limits of the diagram, the selection of different routines for calculating gas properties, and the specification of fixed phase activities. The user also can specify that only curves stable in the presence of a given phase or assemblage be computed, so that the stability fields of particular phases or assemblages can be identified readily. Copies of the programs (written in ANSI standard FORTRAN 77), the database, and accompanying documentation are available from the senior author.

A nonlinear multiple regression program, MULTI2 (BAYES), based on Bayesian algorithm for microcomputers.

A nonlinear multiple regression analysis program MULTI2(BAYES) was developed for microcomputers. The Bayesian algorithm which is incorporated in MULTI2 (BAYES) combines the insufficient individual patient data (individual data) with the pharmacokinetic parameters published in literatures (population parameters) to predict the plasma time course of the patient. The program is written in the minimum Microsoft BASIC commands alone to be executable on many personal computers without any modification. The numbers of parameters to estimate, independent variables and dependent variables are not restricted in use of MULTI2(BAYES). The pharmacokinetic models are defined as one pleases by the user. The four nonlinear least squares algorithms, i.e. Gauss-Newton method, damping Gauss-Newton method, modified Marquardt method by Fletcher and simplex method can be selected at user's option. MULTI2(BAYES) calculates the confidence limits of time courses at 95% significant level.

A computer program for analyzing enzyme kinetic data using graphical display and statistical analysis

A computer program, PENNZYME (M. C. Kohn, L. E. Menten, and D. Garfinkel, Comput. Biomed. Res. 12, 461, 1979), that fits trial rate laws to enzyme and transport steady-state kinetic data by nonlinear regression has been enhanced. The new version includes a set of mnemonic commands which can be displayed in a menu at the user's option. Graphic displays of measured data and computed curves, as well as deviations between them (residual plots) have been added to aid the user in determining if a model is free of bias or systematic error. Other features include the ability to display the variance-covariance matrix of the parameters, to hold individual parameters constant during an optimization, and to optimize error models for the experimental data by the extended-least-squares technique.

A Portable Beta Spectrometer/Dosimeter

As part of an ongoing program l,2 to upgrade health and safety radiation survey instruments, the Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed a portable, battery-operated, computerized beta spectrometer/ dosimeter. The instrument will support many different detectors, but the one chosen here is a combination plastic scintillator and NaI crystal. The instrument includes pulse conditioning circuits, 128-channel pulse height analyzer with integral liquid crystal display, and a microcomputer system which calculates dose and dose rate from betas incident on the detector. Instrument operating life is about 8 hours between charges. The instrument will, at the user's option, display a beta spectrum or the accumulated dose in millirad, as well as give the user beta dose rates in millirad per hour. (At this point, the dosimetry algorithms are still under development.) Data accumulated in the instrument can be read out through an RS-232 serial port on the instrument. The entire unit weighs 8 pounds, including internal batteries, and is packaged in a small case 25-cm long, 15-cm wide, and 15-cm high.

REDUCE programs for algebraic computation in general relativity

AbstractREDUCE programs for algebraic computation in General Relativity are presented which use the metric tensor as input. The programs calculate — according to the user's option — the CHRISTOFFEL symbols, the RIEMANN tensor, the RICCI tensor, the RICCI scalar, the EINSTEIN tensor and the WEYL tensor.

A Portable Neutron Spectrometer/Dosimeter

As part of the continuing DOE effort to upgrade personnel neutron dosimetry, the Health Division at Los Alamos has developed a portable, battery-operated, computerized neutron spectrometer/dosimeter. The instrument has a built-in tissue-equivalent LET neutron detector, 128-channel pulse height analyzer with integral liquid crystal display, and a microcomputer system which calculates dose and dose rate from neutrons incident on the detector. The instrument will, at the user's option, display a raw data spectrum or a spectrum of rad or rem as a function of keV per micron of equivalent tissue. The dosimeter will also calculate and display accumulated dose in millirad and millirem, as well as giving the user neutron dose rates in millirad and millirem per hour.