User's Information Need Research Articles

Paths to open government data reuse: A three-dimensional framework of information need, data and government preparation

With the increase of open government data (OGD) supply in many countries, promoting its reuse becomes an important issue to a variety of stakeholders. Considering that most citizens have never used OGD, this study adopted a mixed methods design that includes an experiment and a survey to explore the factors that affect OGD reuse intention. The findings include: (1) user information need, significantly affected by user digital capability, triggers OGD reuse intention. (2) Perceived data value, affected by perceived data quality, information need, and government preparation, is the core influencing factor of OGD reuse intention and user satisfaction. (3) Government preparation has a significant effect on perceived data value, perceived data quality, and user satisfaction. (4) Different from previous studies on other products, perceived data quality and user satisfaction have no direct significant effects on user reuse intention, revealing the dual attributes of OGD as technical products and monopolistic public goods. This study reveals the mechanism of OGD value co-creation by integrating factors related to data, user, and the government, providing novel empirical evidence and theoretical insights to the literature of Customer Satisfaction Index, Technology Acceptance Model, and data reuse.

Moderating effects of self-perceived knowledge in a relevance assessment task: An EEG study

Relevance assessment, a crucial Human-computer Information Retrieval (HCIR) aspect, denotes how well retrieved information meets the user's information need (IN). Recently, user-centred research benefited from the employment of brain imaging, which contributed to our understanding of relevance assessment and associated cognitive processes. However, the effect of contextual aspects, such as the searcher's self-perceived knowledge (SPK) on relevance assessment and its underlying neurocognitive processes, has not been studied. This work investigates the impact of users' SPK about a topic (i.e. ‘knowledgeable’ vs. ‘not knowledgeable’) on relevance assessments (i.e. ‘relevant’ vs. ‘non-relevant’). To do so, using electroencephalography (EEG), we measured the neural activity of twenty-five participants while they provided relevance assessments during the Question and Answering (Q/A) Task. In the analysis, we considered the effects of SPK and specifically how it modulates the brain activity underpinning relevance judgements. Data-driven analysis revealed significant differences in cortical electrical activity modulated by searchers' SPK in the context of relevance assessment, suggesting that SPK affects cognitive processes associated with attention, semantic integration and categorisation, memory, and decision formation that underpin relevance assessment formation. Our findings are an important step toward a better understanding of the role users' SPK plays during relevance assessment.

Changing Scenario of Information Needs of Library Users with Special Reference to Women B.Ed Institutions in Jhunjhunu City

Women B.Ed. Institution in Jhunjhunu city in Rajasthan state library being considered as knowledge hub caters to the information needs of diverse categories of users like library users, research scholars, scientists, teachers, etc. by providing access to wide variety of learning resources. Apart from print resources Women B.Ed. Institution in Jhunjhunu city in Rajasthan state libraries are increasingly adding electronic resources like E-Books, E-Journals, E-Theses, databases, E-Standards, Institutional repositories, consortia, online public access catalogue and other networked resources to their collections which have been widely used nowadays as primarily for teaching, learning as well as research activities. Since the Library users are not involved in any kind of research work thus presumed to make use of most resources of books/notes/ e-books to fulfill their academic need The present review study is being conducted to ascertain the kind of information resources mostly used by the Library users and further to know their changing scenario level about resources & services of the library. It is basically a systematic review of studies conducted in the past to know their changing scenario level; information needs behavior and attitude towards different resources used in achieving the academic goals

The Implementation of an Integrated Information System in the Company: From Option to Obligation for Efficient and Effective Management

Business management requires, irrespective of the company's size, the implementation of an information system that enables managers to implement a decision-making process leading to the maximisation of efficiency and income, financial and production effectiveness. The integrated information system identifies a system in which each part and each accounting item interacts with all the other system cells. This prevents overlaps and gaps that inevitably lead to the construction of unnecessary and costly superstructures or to create a system that does not cover every information need of the company's internal user. The integrated information system overcomes these problems and guarantees disseminating valuable information to the end-user and not over structured concerning his information needs. Moreover, precisely because of its structure, such a system also prevents parts of these needs from being overlooked or from being filled by communication elements with no real informative substance.

On factors affecting users’ willingness to participate in the smart services of academic library

The purpose of this study is to explore the factors affecting college users’ willingness to participate in smart services of academic library. The paper analyzes the factors affecting college users’ willingness to participate in library smart services, and constructs a conceptual model with 17 hypotheses proposed, based on the theory of Uses and Gratifications, Social Cognition Theory, Innovation Diffusion Theory, and Information Systems Success Model. The conceptual model was empirically tested using structural equation modeling technique through questionnaire survey data. The questionnaire was distributed online to college students and teachers in different provinces of China by using random sampling technique. College users’ willingness to participate in smart services of academic library is directly and positively affected by information need of users, innovative consciousness of users, service platform performance, user satisfaction, library publicity and guidance, and extrinsic incentives. Information quality, service platform performance, service quality, and service value have significant and positive impact on user satisfaction, and they all indirectly affect users’ willingness to participate in smart services of academic library through user satisfaction. The survey results also show that the purpose of college students and teachers’ participation in smart services is mainly to meet their information needs. And users’ participation willingness is not affected by self-efficacy of users and others’ influence, which is different from the participation motivation of users on social Q & A and short video platforms. Understanding of factors affecting users’ willingness to participate in smart services of academic library will likely demand rethink into a number of issues ignored by studies on smart library and smart services. Few studies focus on users’ participation behavior in smart services of library. This study focused on the factors affecting users’ willingness to participate in smart services of academic library, which would expand the understanding of users’ participation behavior in smart services and enrich the scope of studies on smart library and smart services.

ANALYSIS OF USER BEHAVIOR AND INFORMATION NEEDS IN PUBLIC LIBRARY IN DEPOK

This Study discusses the Relation Betwwen Information Seeking Behavior And User Information Needs (Correlation Study on Information Seeking Behavior And User Information Needs in Depok Public Library). The purpose of this study was to determine the significance between the initiation, topic selection, exploration, focus formulation, collection, & presentation stages in information-seeking behavior by users and the information needs of users at the Depok City Public Library. The method used is a quantitive method with the Spearman Rank correlation test. In measuring information needs the author uses the theory of Kart, Gurevitch, and Haas. Data collection techniques used this study include observation, literature study, and survey. The research population is the users of the Depok City Public Library for the period April-May 2022. The sample in this study uses an accidental sampling teachnique and totals 101 people. The results of this study show the significance between the initiation, topic selection, exploration, focus formulation, collection, & presentation stages in information-seeking behavior by users and the information needs of users at the Depok City Public Library.
 Keywords: Information seeking behavior, information needs, library

IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURES QUALITY ON THE INFORMED DECISION OF RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS IN NIGERIA

This study investigates the impact of environmental disclosure quality on the informed decision of users of corporate reports based on the assumptions of the decision usefulness theory. The survey design was adopted in this study using a questionnaire that was administered to preparers and users of corporate reports. A combination of t-test and regression was used to test the hypotheses of the study. The findings confirm the low level of voluntary environmental disclosure mechanisms practiced in Nigeria. Finally, preparers are aware of the information need of users. In conclusion, the study shows that much priority is not given to environmental reports. It is recommended from this study that firms should ensure that the level of their EDQ is continuously improved to aid user decisions and secure a positive impression of stakeholders about the firms. Government and standard setters should gear efforts towards standardization of environmental disclosures of firms in Nigeria through legislation and issuance of standards to improve the quality of disclosures.

Improving ​conversational ​search with ​query ​reformulation ​using ​selective ​contextual ​history

Automated responses to questions for conversational agents, known as conversation passage retrieval, is challenging due to omissions and implied context in user queries. To help address this challenge, queries can be re-written using pre-trained sequence-to-sequence models based on contextual clues from the conversation's history to resolve ambiguities. In this research, we use the TREC conversational assistant (CAsT) 2020 dataset, selecting relevant single sentences from conversation history for query reformulation to improve system effectiveness and efficiency by avoiding topic drift. We propose a practical query selection method that measures clarity score to determine whether to use response sentences during reformulation. We further explore query reformulation as a binary term classification problem and the effects of rank fusion using multiple retrieval models. T5 and BERT retrievals are inventively combined to better represent user information need. Using multi-model fusion, our best system outperforms the best CAsT 2020 run, with an NDCG@3 of 0.537. The implication is that a more selective system that varies the use of responses depending on the query produces a more effective conversational reformulation system. Combining different retrieval results also proved effective in improving system recall.

Review on Recent Arabic Information Retrieval Techniques

Information retrieval is an important field that aims to provide a relevant document to a user information need, expressed through a query. Arabic is a challenging language that gained much attention recently in the information retrieval domain. To overcome the problems related to its complexity, many studies and techniques have been presented, most of them were conducted to solve the stemming problem. This paper presents an overview of the Arabic information retrieval process, including various text processing techniques, ranking approaches, evaluation measures, and some important information retrieval models. The paper finally presents some recent related studies and approaches in different Arabic information retrieval fields.

Does the Level of Intellectual Capital Affect Meeting the Information Needs of Social Media Users in the Field of Sustainability? The Case of the World’s Largest Energy Industry Companies

It is increasingly essential for companies to communicate appropriately about sustainability. In today’s world, with the massive spread of social media’s popularity as a critical communication channel, sustainability is also present in the Internet disclosure practices of many enterprises. It is also presumed that firms’ intellectual capital (IC) plays a vital role in the quality of corporate disclosure. Our paper aims to explore to what extent disclosure practices of firms via social media fulfill the needs of stakeholders for information related to sustainability. We also test how IC impacts this disclosure. We analyze tweets of the world’s largest energy industry companies to assess if this disclosure meets the stakeholders’ expectations regarding sustainability topics. Using a common measure of IC, we also check whether its level determines sustainability disclosure. This study provides several contributions to the literature. The findings may help understand companies’ responsiveness to sustainability information needs. The chief contribution also lies in its focus on how the IC level influences the sustainability disclosure practices via social media. The findings may have implications for organizations in creating and using social media channels when developing a dialogue with stakeholders on topics regarding sustainability. Conclusions also provide new insight on IC’s importance in corporate disclosure practices on sustainability.

Rough set generalization models based information retrieval

World Wide Web has become the largest pool of knowledge in terms of volume, but web users still continue to have difficulty in finding the relevant information. Two issues influence the output of information retrieval (IR) systems: first, information overload and second, the vagueness and imprecision in document representations as well as user information need. Rough set theory (RST) proved successful in tackling ambiguous, uncertain, imprecise, or incomplete information. RST is being used in a range of artificial intelligence applications as a result of this. RST has several uses, one of which is IR. This survey focused on Rough Sets and their generalization models in IR. Some previous studies attempted to comprehend rough set-based IR models, but their scope was limited. This research examines various rough set-based IR models, their basic methodologies, features, strengths, and limitations systematically. For critical analysis, a comparison of the existing frameworks is also presented.

Staff Attitude and Service Delivery in University Libraries in Ogun State, Nigeria


 
 
 Service delivery in the university library is aimed at meeting the information need of users who make up the university community in order to achieve the objective of promoting learning and research. Services delivery of university libraries in the aspect of tangibles and reliability will bring satisfaction to the recognised need of the users. Staff attitude goes a long in library service delivery influences the patronage of the library resources. This study adopted survey research design. The study population comprised 80,247 of library users in university libraries in Ogun State, Nigeria. Krejcie and Morgan (1970) method was used to determine the sample size of 1,513. Stratified random sampling technique was used to categorize the universities into three (federal, state and private). Purposive sampling was used to select the respondent from the different universities in Ogun State. Self-structured and validated questionnaire was the instrument for the study. The instrument’s Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranged from 0.724 to 0.826. The collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and regression analysis. The findings of the study showed that library staff delivered quality services in university libraries in Ogun state, Nigeria to a high extent lookingat the tangible (Mean = 3.23, SD = 0.77) and reliability (Mean = 3.20, SD = 0.82). The findings showed that respondents agreed that the staff attitude in university libraries in Ogun State, Nigeria was positive with mean (x̅) = 2.89, SD = 0.93). The study further found out that the staff attitude had a significant influence on service delivery(R2= 0.253, β= 0.503, t = 18.411, p<0.05). The study therefore concluded that staff attitude had a significant influence on service delivery in university libraries in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study recommends that university library board and administrators should employ qualified library staff with the right disposition that can evaluation and assessment users need regularly, be compassionate to users need and display right disposition in any condition to users in order to increase patronage.
 
 

User Information Needs and Reference Services Satisfaction at Selected Federal Universities Libraries in North-Eastern Nigeria

One of the most important criteria for assessing a library is the level of satisfaction its users express with the service they get. The extent to which the library is able to anticipate user needs and integrate such predictions into collection development is a crucial aspect in influencing the level of satisfaction users have with the library's service. As a general concept, "user satisfaction" refers to how satisfied users are with a service or product they have used; as a more specific term, "library user satisfaction," it is used to describe how happy library patrons are with the library's collection and services. The study used a descriptive survey technique with a sample size of 288 postgraduate students randomly selected from four different Federal Universities in Northeast Nigeria. The data was collected by closed-ended questionnaire, and the resulting psychometrics include a CRV=1 and r-coefficient of 0.83. Frequency counts and percentages, together with chi-square tests at the 0.05 significance level, were used to examine the data. The study established that graduate students asked reference librarians for the same types of information but were dissatisfied with the level of service they received from librarians at their respective institutions. The results reveal a linear correlation between all the factors; therefore, it stands to reason that the chosen universities have the same information needs and levels of user satisfaction.

Hybrid Query Expansion Model Based on Pseudo Relevance Feedback and Semantic Tree for Arabic IR

In this paper, the authors propose and readapt a new concept-based approach of query expansion in the context of Arabic information retrieval. The purpose is to represent the query by a set of weighted concepts in order to identify better the user's information need. Firstly, concepts are extracted from the initially retrieved documents by the Pseudo-Relevance Feedback method, and then they are integrated into a semantic weighted tree in order to detect more information contained in the related concepts connected by semantic relations to the primary concepts. The authors use the “Arabic WordNet” as a resource to extract, disambiguate concepts and build the semantic tree. Experimental results demonstrate that measure of MAP (Mean Average Precision) is about 10% of improvement using the open source Lucene as IR System on a collection formed from the Arabic BBC news.

Logsonomy — A Search Engine Folksonomy

In social bookmarking systems users describe bookmarks by keywords called tags. The structure behind these social systems, called folksonomies, can be viewed as a tripartite hypergraph of user, tag and resource nodes. This underlying network shows specific structural properties that explain its growth and the possibility of serendipitous exploration. Search engines filter the vast information of the web. Queries describe a user's information need. In response to the displayed results of the search engine, users click on the links of the result page as they expect the answer to be of relevance. The clickdata can be represented as a folksonomy in which queries are descriptions of clicked URLs. This poster analyzes the topological characteristics of the resulting tripartite hypergraph of queries, users and bookmarks of two query logs and compares it two a snapshot of the folksonomy del.icio.us.

An architecture for non-linear discovery of aggregated multimedia document web search results.

The recent proliferation of multimedia information on the web enhances user information need from simple textual lookup to multi-modal exploration activities. The current search engines act as major gateways to access the immense amount of multimedia data. However, access to the multimedia content is provided by aggregating disjoint multimedia search verticals. The aggregation of the multimedia search results cannot consider relationships in them and are partially blended. Additionally, the search results’ presentation is via linear lists, which cannot support the users’ non-linear navigation patterns to explore the multimedia search results. Contrarily, users’ are demanding more services from search engines. It includes adequate access to navigate, explore, and discover multimedia information. Our discovery approach allow users to explore and discover multimedia information by semantically aggregating disjoint verticals using sentence embeddings and transforming snippets into conceptually similar multimedia document groups. The proposed aggregation approach retains the relationship in the retrieved multimedia search results. A non-linear graph is instantiated to augment the users’ non-linear information navigation and exploration patterns, which leads to discovering new and interesting search results at various aggregated granularity levels. Our method’s empirical evaluation results achieve 99% accuracy in the aggregation of disjoint search results at different aggregated search granularity levels. Our approach provides a standard baseline for the exploration of multimedia aggregation search results.

Decision Usefulness: A Re-Examination of the Information Needs of Nonprofit GPFR Users

Decision Usefulness: A Re-Examination of the Information Needs of Nonprofit GPFR Users

Intelligent User Interfaces for Music Discovery

Assisting the user in finding music is one of the original motivations that led to the establishment of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) as a research field. This encompasses classic Information Retrieval inspired access to music repositories that aims at meeting an information need of an expert user. Beyond this, however, music as a cultural art form is also connected to an entertainment need of potential listeners, requiring more intuitive and engaging means for music discovery. A central aspect in this process is the user interface. In this article, we reflect on the evolution of MIR-driven intelligent user interfaces for music browsing and discovery over the past two decades. We argue that three major developments have transformed and shaped user interfaces during this period, each connected to a phase of new listening practices. Phase 1 has seen the development of content-based music retrieval interfaces built upon audio processing and content description algorithms facilitating the automatic organization of repositories and finding music according to sound qualities. These interfaces are primarily connected to personal music collections or (still) small commercial catalogs. Phase 2 comprises interfaces incorporating collaborative and automatic semantic description of music, exploiting knowledge captured in user-generated metadata. These interfaces are connected to collective web platforms. Phase 3 is dominated by recommender systems built upon the collection of online music interaction traces on a large scale. These interfaces are connected to streaming services. We review and contextualize work from all three phases and extrapolate current developments to outline possible scenarios of music recommendation and listening interfaces of the future.

Semantically-enhanced information retrieval using multiple knowledge sources

Classical or traditional Information Retrieval (IR) approaches rely on the word-based representations of query and documents in the collection. The specification of the user information need is completely based on words figuring in the original query in order to retrieve documents containing those words. Such approaches have been limited due to the absence of relevant keywords as well as the term variation in documents and user’s query. The purpose of this paper is to present a new method to Semantic Information Retrieval (SIR) to solve the limitations of existing approaches. Concretely, we propose a novel method SIRWWO (Semantic Information Retrieval using Wikipedia, WordNet, and domain Ontologies) for SIR by combining multiple knowledge sources Wikipedia, WordNet, and Description Logic (DL) ontologies. In order to illustrate the approach SIRWWO, we first present the notion of Labeled Dynamic Semantic Network (LDSN) by extending the notions of dynamic semantic network and extended semantic net based on WordNet (and DAML ontology library). According to the notion of LDSN, we obtain the notion of Weighted Dynamic Semantic Network (WDSN, intuitively, each edge in WDSN is assigned to a number in the [0, 1] interval) and give the WDSN construction method using Wikipedia, WordNet, and DL ontology. We then propose a novel metric to measure the semantic relatedness between concepts based on WDSN. Lastly, we investigate the approach SIRWWO by using semantic relatedness between users’ query keywords and digital documents. The experimental results show that our proposals obtain comparable and better performance results than other traditional IR system Lucene.

Information seeking behaviour of users in IIT Patna

This paper examines the information-seeking behaviour of users in IIT Patna. The purpose of the study was to investigate the various aspects of information need and information-seeking behaviour of users in the Central Library of IIT Patna. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted, and 150 questionnaires were dispersed among the research scholars and PG students. The 133 filled questionnaires were received. It has been observed that the majority of respondents (37.8%) visit library once in a week, while 14.1% visit everyday. A large number of respondents visit library for their research work (77.8%). It has depicted that among the various library resources text books (74.8%) are used by large number of respondents, 60.7% respondents have good knowledge about subscribed e-resources while 62% respondents regularly used online journals followed by 45% use e-books and online databases usage is 26%. While assessing the satisfaction level of users with the library services and facilities provided by the Central Library, it has been found that 85.02% respondents are happy with it. The questionnaire attempted to gather the IT knowledge and problems encountered while searching information and also considered suggestions given by research scholars, and PG students. This study suggests proper awareness and training programmes are required to provide more awareness about information resources and library services for maximum utilization of the library.