User-centered Design Methodology Research Articles

Sistem Pengenalan Warna Berbasis OpenCV untuk Mendukung Aksesibilitas pada Individu dengan Buta Warna

This study develops an OpenCV-based color recognition system to support individuals with color blindness, aiming to enhance their independence in recognizing colors. The User-Centered Design (UCD) methodology was employed, allowing direct user feedback for development tailored to their needs. The developed system showed significant capability in detecting and identifying colors with a camera and analyzing them using OpenCV. The system provides text output to facilitate use by color-blind individuals and has been tested across various lighting conditions and devices. However, there is still potential for improvement, especially in dealing with fluctuations in extreme lighting conditions and integrating voice output for better auditory assistance. Recommendations for further development include the integration of voice recognition, improvements to the color detection algorithm, and further testing with a diverse user group. This will enhance the system's functionality, accuracy, and accessibility for everyone, particularly those suffering from color blindness.

3D Remote Monitoring and Diagnosis during a Pandemic: Holoportation and Digital Twin Requirements

COVID-19 regulations presented clinicians with a new set of challenges that affected their ability to efficiently provide patient care and, as a result, telemedicine was rapidly adopted to deliver care remotely. However, these telemedicine platforms undermine patient care due to clinicians' inability to acquire all the relevant patient information required to diagnose and treat the patient. To explore this gap, we conducted a requirements analysis for the development of a 3D remote patient monitoring and diagnosis platform, by using a user-centric design methodology. In this requirements analysis, we elicited information about the clinical domain, identified clinicians’ requirements, elicited clinicians’ insights, and documented the clinicians' requirements. The outcome was the emergence of refined clinicians' requirements to guide the implementation of the Digital Twin concept paired with holoportation for remote 3D monitoring and diagnosis of patients. We anticipate that the application of a 3D telemedicine platform with these requirements for patient care during a pandemic could potentially enhance clinicians' efficiency and the effectiveness of remote patient care.

White Paper on User Centred Design to Address Challenges in the Design and Creation of Agricultural Data Visualisation Interfaces

The increase in agricultural data has created a need for developing tools that can manage, share, and visualise this information, while also being accessible to farmers. The use of different technical languages, varying needs, and differing objectives for the tools being developed and used creates a gap between technology developers and farmers, leading to inefficient information transfer. Consequently, interfaces are often poorly adapted to the real needs of end-users and lack essential functionality. This white paper aims to propose a User-Centred Design methodology in order to address the challenges encountered in creating interfaces for shared agricultural Data Space Ecosystems. The proposed methodology, an adaptation of ISO 9241:210-2019, highlights the importance of user participation at various stages of the interface design cycle for the creation of user-adaptive technologies.

Access@tour by Action: A Platform for Improving Accessible Tourism Conditions

Accessible tourism has become relevant, generating significant economic and social impacts. Even though the accessible tourism market is rising and presents an excellent business opportunity, this market is largely ignored, as it is challenging to stimulate the flow of accessibility information. Accessible technologies, such as tourism information systems, can be a potential solution, increasing accessibility through communication. However, these solutions are few and tend to fail the integration of users upon development processes. This research aims to present a technological platform to improve accessibility in the tourism industry. The name of this accessible and adaptable technological solution is access@tour by action, and it was created following a user-centered design methodology. This development involved a requirement engineering process based on three crucial stakeholders in accessible tourism: educational institutions, supply agents, and demand agents. The design phase was achieved with the help of a conceptual model based on a unified modeling language. The initial prototype of the solution, created in Adobe XD, implements a wide range of informational and accessibility requirements. Some access@tour by action interfaces outline the design, content, and primary functionalities. By linking technological development, tourism, and social inclusion components, this study highlights the relevance and interdisciplinarity of processes in developing accessible information systems.

Gesture Recognition Framework for Teleoperation of Infrared (IR) Consumer Devices Using a Novel pFMG Soft Armband.

Wearable technologies represent a significant advancement in facilitating communication between humans and machines. Powered by artificial intelligence (AI), human gestures detected by wearable sensors can provide people with seamless interaction with physical, digital, and mixed environments. In this paper, the foundations of a gesture-recognition framework for the teleoperation of infrared consumer electronics are established. This framework is based on force myography data of the upper forearm, acquired from a prototype novel soft pressure-based force myography (pFMG) armband. Here, the sub-processes of the framework are detailed, including the acquisition of infrared and force myography data; pre-processing; feature construction/selection; classifier selection; post-processing; and interfacing/actuation. The gesture recognition system is evaluated using 12 subjects' force myography data obtained whilst performing five classes of gestures. Our results demonstrate an inter-session and inter-trial gesture average recognition accuracy of approximately 92.2% and 88.9%, respectively. The gesture recognition framework was successfully able to teleoperate several infrared consumer electronics as a wearable, safe and affordable human-machine interface system. The contribution of this study centres around proposing and demonstrating a user-centred design methodology to allow direct human-machine interaction and interface for applications where humans and devices are in the same loop or coexist, as typified between users and infrared-communicating devices in this study.

RehabApp to promote patient participation in the rehabilitation process after HIP replacement: Development and usability study

ObjectiveThis study aims to present the developmental stages of a Mobile App Prototype designed to enhance patient participation in the rehabilitation process after hip replacement. MethodsTo ensure effective interaction between the system and the end user, a User-Centered Design methodology was followed, encompassing three phases: Requirements gathering, Prototyping, and Evaluation. Usability tests were conducted to assess the usability of the developed system. ResultsThe RehabApp for mobile devices was created, and the testing results were positive. Users expressed satisfaction with the outcome, deeming it a valuable tool for their recovery. This outcome demonstrates the high receptiveness of these technologies in the healthcare sector, making it a project that can readily be expanded into other areas of rehabilitation. ConclusionThis study demonstrated the potential of the RehabApp in the rehabilitation process after hip replacement surgery. This accomplishment was realized by ensuring the active participation of patients, potential users, and healthcare professionals throughout the app's development. InnovationThe RehabApp is a mobile application to provide users with all the necessary knowledge, enabling them to undergo a smoother and safer rehabilitation. Feedback from both patients and healthcare professionals played a crucial role in refining the app's features and addressing usability concerns.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Pariwisata di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara Berbasis Web dengan Metode User Centered Design (UCD)

This research is motivated by the necessity for an information system capable of providing comprehensive, fast, and accurate tourism information for Southeast Maluku Regency. The current dissemination of tourism information within the regency is limited, hindering potential visitors from outside the area from accessing valuable insights. The proposed information system aims to bridge this gap by offering a web-based platform that facilitates the management of tourism and cultural information by the local government’s tourism and culture department. Utilizing the user-centered design (UCD) methodology, the system is developed using programming languages such as PHP and is supported by a MySQL database for data storage. This tourism information system includes features that allow users to search for information related to cultural tourism and culinary experiences in the region. It is anticipated that the implementation of this system will significantly enhance the promotion of Southeast Maluku tourism sector to a wider audience.

Motivation and needs of informal physics practitioners

Physicists engage with the public to varying degrees at different stages of their careers. However, their public engagement covers many activities, events, and audiences, making their motivations and professional development needs not well understood. As part of ongoing efforts to build and support a community in the informal physics space, we conducted interviews with physicists with a range of different experiences in public engagement. We use personas methodology and self-determination theory to articulate their public engagement motivation, challenges, and needs. We present our set of three personas: the physicist who engages in informal physics for self-reflection, the physicist who wants to spark interest and understanding in physics, and the physicist who wants to provide diverse role models to younger students and inspire them to pursue a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics career. Needs covered a range of resources including science communication training, community building among informal physics practitioners, and mechanisms to recognize, elevate, and value informal physics. By bringing user-centered design methodology to a new topical area of physics education research, we expand our understanding of motivations and needs of practitioners in physics public engagement. Therefore, departments, organizations, and institutions could draw upon the personas developed to consider the ways to better support physicists in their respective environments. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Designing Indonesian Maternal and Child Health Mobile Applications using User-Centered Design

The high maternal mortality rate in Indonesia has led the Indonesian government to develop a mobile application for maternal and child health (MCH). However, this application received a bad rating on the applications distribution platform, and even some of its features could not function properly. Therefore, this study aims to design the MCH application. This study used the user-centered design (UCD) methodology with three iterations and applied Shneiderman's eight golden rules. Participants involved in the data collection and evaluation process were health workers, health experts, and pregnant women. The first iteration's evaluation will produce a low-fidelity prototype (wireframe), whereas the second and third iteration's evaluations will produce a refined high-fidelity clickable prototype. The resulting prototype has several major features, including notes entry, information and education, reminders, a blood supplement tablet tracker, and monitoring of fetal development. Evaluation in the first iteration utilized interviews to validate the wireframe, whereas the second and third iterations utilized usability testing and system usability scale (SUS). In the second iteration, the final SUS score was 71.2, or "good," while in the third iteration, the final SUS score was 85.4, or "excellent." This research is expected to contribute to two areas: serving as a reference for pregnancy application interface designs, especially for MCH applications, as well as the improvement and development of pregnancy health applications using the UCD methodology.

Patients' experiences and perspectives regarding the use of digital technology to support exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: a qualitative interview study.

Despite the well-known benefits of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, participation in cardiac rehabilitation programmes and adherence to secondary prevention recommendations remain limited. Digital technologies have the potential to address low participation and adherence but attempts at implementing digital health interventions in real-life clinical practice frequently encounter various barriers. Studies about patients' experiences and perspectives regarding the use of digital technology can assist developers, researchers and clinicians in addressing or pre-empting patient-related barriers. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the experiences and perspectives of cardiac rehabilitation patients in Austria with regard to using digital technology for physical activity and exercise. Twenty-five current and former cardiac rehabilitation patients (18 men and 7 women, age range 39 to 83) with various cardiac conditions were recruited from a clinical site in Salzburg, Austria. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis followed a descriptive phenomenological approach, applying the framework analysis method. The sample was diverse, including interviewees who readily used digital devices to support their physical activity, exercise and health monitoring, and interviewees who did not. Simplicity, convenience and accessibility were highlighted as important facilitators for the use of digital technology, while annoyance with digital devices, concerns about becoming dependent on them, or simply a preference to not use digital technology were commonly stated reasons for non-use. Interviewees' views on data protection, data sharing and artificial intelligence revealed wide variations in individuals' prior knowledge and experience about these topics, and a need for greater accessibility and transparency of data protection regulation and data sharing arrangements. These findings support the importance that is attributed to user-centred design methodologies in the conceptualisation and design of digital health interventions, and the imperative to develop solutions that are simple, accessible and that can be personalised according to the preferences and capabilities of the individual patient. Regarding data protection, data sharing and artificial intelligence, the findings indicate opportunity for information and education, as well as the need to offer patients transparency and accountability in order to build trust in digital technology and digital health interventions.

AI platform model on 4IR megatrend challenges: complex thinking by active and transformational learning

PurposeThe objective of this study is to propose a model for the implementation of a technological platform for participants to develop solutions to problems related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) megatrends, and taking advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) to develop their complex thinking through co-creation work.Design/methodology/approachThe development of the model is based on a combination of participatory action research and user-centered design (UCD) methodologies, seeking to ensure that the platform is user-oriented and based on the experiences of the authors. The model itself is structured around the active and transformational learning (ATL) framework.FindingsThis study highlights the importance of addressing 4IR megatrends in education to prepare students for a technology-driven world. The proposed model, based on ATL and supported by AI, integrates essential competencies for tackling challenges and generating innovative solutions. The integration of AI into the platform fosters personalized learning, collaboration and reflection and enhances creativity by offering new insights and tools, whereas UCD ensures alignment with user needs and expectations.Originality/valueThis research presents an innovative educational model that combines ATL with AI to foster complex thinking and co-creation of solutions to problems related to 4IR megatrends. Integrating ATL ensures engagement with real-world problems and critical thinking while AI provides personalized content, tutoring, data analysis and creative support. The collaborative platform encourages diverse perspectives and collective intelligence, benefiting other researchers to better conceive learner-centered platforms promoting 21st-century skills and co-creation.

Development of Ward Visitor Management System in the COVID-19 Epidemic.

The purpose of this study was to design, develop, and deploy a visitor management system (VMS) to effectively manage visitors during COVID-19. The VMS was designed using the User-Centered Design (UCD) methodology. The iterative process of UCD includes 3 interviews and 5 usability tests and cognitive walkthrough cycles. This system comprised six parts: the WEB server provides visit scheduling service; the database server stores visit data and provides visit data services; the mobile application server provides security checks and scanning services; the electronic medical record (EMR) server provides ward data service; the Internet application gateway provides health code data service and exchanges health code data with the Sichuan Tianfu Health Code platform, and the service bus enables the centralized exchange and integration of visit data. The visit management system optimizes the workflow of ward visitors, improves staff productivity, and reduces the risk of infection transmission.

Design of a Modular Energy Production–Storage System for a Sustainable Bicycle

This paper presents a new concept of a modular system for the production and storage of energy in a bicycle at any speed above 9 km/h. User-Centered Design methodology was applied to establish the design premises, and then each component of the modular system was selected, developed, and refined separately, carrying out all component integration (hub dynamo, USB charger, batteries, and solar panel) by means of a simple extension cable. Then, simulations were made with different software tools to create a design candidate. A new design of an integrated modular energy production–storage system was obtained, aiming to cover the needs of long-distance bikers and daily bike commuters. The designed system can charge its own batteries and power devices connected to the USB charger from a speed of 9 km/h. The system entails a modular integration solution that is not only cost-effective but also highly efficient. Its ergonomic design allows users to effortlessly replace batteries as and when needed. Current models on the market do not possess this integration.

Optimizing the Blood Donation App with Gamification Using User-Centered Design

In today's digital era, motivating the younger generation to participate in routine voluntary blood donations is a significant challenge in the health sector. This research aimed to develop a gamified application called Gamified Blood Donation (G-BlooD), designed using the User Centered Design methodology. This application integrates gamification into the blood donation process, with features including donor location information, available blood stock data, and individual donation history. Using gamification elements such as challenges, ranking boards, and emblems enhanced user interactivity and motivation. Evaluation of G-BlooD demonstrated its effectiveness in achieving this goal; it scored 75 (Grade B) on the System Usability Scale (SUS), indicating good usability, while an average total index calculation from all responses on the Likert scale of 84.125% underscored its success in motivating younger generations towards regular blood donations. These results suggest combining digital technology with gamification can encourage recurring voluntary blood donation among younger generations. This research opens avenues for further exploration into leveraging digital technology to address other public health concerns.

Organizational Preparedness for Navigating Disruption Towards Sustainability: Strategies’ Analysis

The study explores how design thinking principles can be leveraged to enhance an organization’s preparedness for disruptive innovation. To address this challenge, the authors sought to empathize with their clients, recognizing the need for a comprehensive evaluation. A framework guided by five fundamental principles – Scrutiny, Bravery, Resilience, Prosperous and Perseverance – was developed that integrates user-centred design methodologies to evaluate an organization’s strengths and weaknesses in the face of disruption. We analysed and interpreted the intricacies of emerging market disruptions, providing organizations with the GroKalp Assessment Tool, an automated tool for self-evaluation and strategic adjustment leading towards a sustainable future. These principles were further broken down into fifteen distinct parameters, each thoughtfully designed to offer organizations a detailed and insightful method for evaluating their responses to the relentless waves of transformative innovation. By utilizing the GroKalp Assessment Tool, organizations can position themselves in one of three categories: Innovators, Adapters, or Resistance Fighters. Design thinking tools are vital in this process, as they encourage creative problem-solving, innovation, and adaptation in an era of rapid technological change.

Research, Development and Design for Product Development SAC: Interaction Design Mobile Web Application Using User Centered Design Methodology

In the era of Covid-19, people are more sensitive to their health and hygiene. SAC is present in the community as a service to clean each customer’s favourite shoes. Even though SAC has been around since 2013, until now they have not touched the digital realm. For this reason, innovation for SAC needs to be implemented so they are not left behind by competitors who are starting to become aware of digitalization. So that the implementation of digitalization can save costs and time, the approach to making digital products is through product development. To innovate through the use of product development in digital, a User-Centered Design (UCD) method approach with a Design Thinking (DT) mindset is used. The UCD process includes understanding context, specify user requirements, design solution, and evaluate. With the DT mindset, the process of emphatizing, defining, and ideation is applied to the understand context and specify user requirements so that this research will understand the usability side for users. With the addition of 5 UCD elements from Jesse James Garret, the digitalization process will be more in-depth and detailed in terms of creating interface design solutions. Primary data will be collected through In-depth Interview resulting abundant data that create persona and Minimum Viable Product(MVP). This research aims to analyze and identify the user experience flow for the prototype mobile web app product design SAC with the identifying the MVP and design prototype mobile website application and later do some usability testing to getting result that can meet the needs and uses for SAC customers. The result of this design approach method is a high-fidelity mobile web app prototype which was evaluated using Usability Testing (UT). The persona of each customer and the desire are the first key in development. Strong framework is formed with information architecture, low-fidelity, and high-fidelity prototypes. The final stage of the UCD iteration is to evaluate Usability Testing with a binary task success rate of 90%. Another UT results of quantitative data analysis with the Single Ease Question (SEQ) showed the number 6.42 and the System Usability Scale (SUS) showed the number 87.5 with quality A.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Diet untuk Ibu Menyusui Pasca Persalinan dengan Algoritma Mifflin-St Jeor

Pregnancy is a significant and transformative period for women, both physically and emotionally. During this time, it is crucial for expectant mothers to prioritize their own health and well-being to create a healthy environment for their growing baby. One of the physical changes that many breastfeeding mothers experience after childbirth is weight gain. Factors contributing to this include increased caloric needs, lack of sleep, reduced physical activity, and feelings of stress and fatigue due to caring for a newborn. Maintaining a healthy weight is vital to reduce the risk of various health issues and ensure the quality of breast milk for the baby. However, it is important to note that mothers should not engage in strict dieting during the postpartum period, or the puerperium, which lasts up to 40 days after delivery. During this time, mothers should gradually resume normal activities and movement. To support breastfeeding mothers in maintaining their health after childbirth, a structured and monitored approach that provides tailored information according to each stage of development is necessary. The Laav application, available for iOS, is designed to calculate and record the caloric intake of breastfeeding mothers, helping them achieve proper nutrition while maintaining an ideal weight. The application is built using the User-Centered Design (UCD) methodology and uses the Mifflin-St Jeor algorithm to calculate calories. The application is programmed in SwiftUI, a language optimized for the iOS platform

Kconnect:The Design and Development of Versatile Web Portal for Enhanced Collaboration and Communication

The design and creation of a web gateway to improve cooperation and communication among campus communities are discussed in this essay. The portal is designed to be flexible and adaptive to various user groups and their unique requirements. The writers discuss the numerous features and functionalities integrated into the portal as well as the user-centered design methodology they utilised to construct it. The site has resources for resource management, event planning, group communication, and information exchange. The writers also go through the difficulties that were experienced during creation and make suggestions for future advancements. Overall, the online portal offers a useful setting for campus communities to communicate and work together.As we all know that pandemic has brought a huge change in everyone’s life and work from home has become THE NEW NORMAL. One of its drawback is the lack of interaction among peers. This hinders the flow of information in the hierarchy. In order to cope up with this problem, we have come up with a solution “KCONNECT” that aspires to bridge the communication gap. KConnect is a networking platform that will help students to connect with each other and gain relevant knowledge about new opportunities regarding career, scholarships, club activities and higher studies. The results of the study show the implementation of a web portal as an effective way to allow students increase connections and stay updated.

Visualizing Cybersecurity Coverage using MITRE ATT&CK Framework

This paper presents an innovative approach to visualizing cybersecurity coverage within the Zscaler Risk360 product, leveraging the MITRE ATT&CK framework. Emphasizing a user-centered design methodology, the study integrates the complex ATT&CK framework into a practical, interactive interface tailored for cybersecurity professionals. This interface combines qualitative and quantitative metrics, enabling users to assess the security posture of their organization effectively. The design process is informed by insights from semi-structured interviews with Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) and subject matter experts, ensuring relevance and usability. The paper discusses key design decisions, including the integration of complex framework tree structures, color-coded coverage mappings, and a three-pane view for detailed analysis. Additionally, it explores extended use cases beyond the immediate application, suggesting potential for broader applications in various cybersecurity and compliance contexts. This work aims to enhance decision-making in cybersecurity management and inspire future research and development in cybersecurity and data visualization tools

User-centered Design in Time and Resource-limited Settings: Enhancing the Usability of 'Hearing for Life' (HeLe) Device.

The Hearing for Life (HeLe) is a novel newborn hearing screening device initially designed according to specifications of clinicians of the Philippine National Ear Institute (PNEI). Unfortunately, targeted end-users, rural health workers, had difficulty using it. This research applied the user-centered design (UCD) methodology involving rural health workers in recommending design, content, and function requirements for HeLe. This study aims to 1) describe how UCD was applied in a time-limited and resource-constrained environment, 2) assess the usability of the design prototypes, and 3) recommend design, content, and function requirements for HeLe. This research is a descriptive study using mixed methods. Six rural health units (RHU) involved in the HeLe research program were purposively selected for the study. There were 30 participants included, five health care workers per RHU. Applying the UCD method, the study had three phases: 1) user profiling (where participants accomplished a survey questionnaire, 2) inspiration phase (focus group discussions, workflow analysis, and interviews with a technical expert were conducted), and 3) ideation phase (designing and assessment of prototypes were done). Participatory methods and structured procedures (i.e., card sorting, MoSCoW matrix prototyping, etc.) were applied to help determine and prioritize user requirements and elicit user feedback. These methods were chosen considering the time and resource constraints in the RHU. The prototype's System Usability Scale (SUS) score (81.94) was higher than the SUS score previously obtained (68) from the older version of the interface. Accuracy, durability, in-app instructions, feedback, and an easily understood interface were the most requested requirements for the telemedicine device. The need for the technology to be aligned with the RHU's workflow and available resources was highlighted in the focus group discussions. The study documents practices and lessons learned in applying UCD methodology in design and development that have been demonstrated to improve usability of the device. The involvement of the users surfaced in the design, content, and functional requirements which can guide future iterations of HeLe and contribute to better understanding of ways to develop user-friendly telemedicine devices in the Philippines. This paper emphasizes that users should be involved in the entire process and not just recipients of the technology.