Use Of Qualitative Methods Research Articles

Repertory Grid Technique and Honey’s Content Analysis: gathering and processing qualitative data

Purpose This study aims to demonstrate a rigorous approach to applying the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) and Honey’s Content Analysis (HCA) to obtain and process qualitative data through structured interviews. Design/methodology/approach An illustrative case study using the OpenRepGrid package from the open-source software R facilitates a deeper understanding of these techniques. The study subjects were employees of a corporate charter company. Findings The RGT enables the identification of key attributes as perceived by interviewees regarding the phenomenon, whereas HCA clarifies how these attributes impact the desired analysis outcome. The presented case study identified constructs related to the client–supplier relationship and their impact on service performance from the provider’s perspective. Research limitations/implications This study illustrates the use of qualitative methods based on an interpretative naturalistic approach to rigorously and systematically capture interviewees’ perspectives. Practical implications The combination of RGT and HCA can be a valuable tool for management studies by allowing controlled researcher interference in empirical investigations. In addition, the data-driven selection of constructs by interviewees can lead to the emergence of novel theories. Social implications Using diverse methodologies enables researchers to address complex managerial challenges that often surpass the capabilities of conventional analysis methods. Originality/value The proposed methodology offers a robust understanding of phenomena from the interviewees’ perspectives. Consequently, this study highlights the potential of these techniques for theoretical and empirical research in the field of administration.

A Worked Example of Qualitative Descriptive Design: A Step-by-Step Guide for Novice and Early Career Researchers.

To provide a worked example informed by relevant literature and related studies that novice and early career researchers may use to reflect on, prepare and conduct a thoughtful and rigorous qualitative descriptive study. Methodological discussion of qualitative descriptive design. Seminal work and recent related literature were reviewed to situate the discussion and identify the concepts and steps to conduct a qualitative descriptive study. Qualitative descriptive design is widely used in nursing and health science research. This design offers flexible use of qualitative methods, which presents a double-edged sword, posing challenges in preparing a well-developed study and achieving methodological rigour. The design often borrows methods from other qualitative traditions, which may need to be clarified for novice and early career researchers, wherein studies may be conducted using a mix and match of methods without giving justice to the heart of qualitative descriptive design. In this paper, we present a step-by-step guide, using a worked example, to demonstrate how to conduct a qualitative descriptive study. Qualitative descriptive design may be confusing due to its flexibility, which may limit the scope of research and subsequently, the quality and impact of the findings. With the appropriate application of research methods producing high-quality and relevant findings, qualitative descriptive design is a valuable qualitative method in its own right. Novice and early career researchers may increase the impact of their findings through rigorously conducting their studies. Clarifying steps for thoughtful execution may inform novice and early career researchers, allowing for a rigorous application of the method, which, in turn, may contribute to impactful findings. A clear presentation of steps, supported by a worked example and related studies, may support novice and early career researchers in conducting a qualitative descriptive study with methodological rigour. Not applicable. No patient or public contribution.

Some critical thinking on the integrative assessment of ecosystem service supply and demand relationships.

In the past decade, research on the relationships between the supply and demand of ecosystem services has been flourishing. To address issues such as the misuse of supply and demand concepts, methods, and results in current research, we proposed five key aspects that need to be considered to enhance the scientific rigor and practical value in assessing relationships between ecosystem service supply and demand. Firstly, it is essential to clarify the distinctions and connections between the concepts related to ecosystem service supply and demand, which are crucial prerequisites and starting points for assessing their relationships. Secondly, it is necessary to integrate relevant environmental standards or policy objectives to develop reliable methods for assessing the demand for ecosystem regulating services. Furthermore, it is important to properly address the modifiable areal unit problem by determining the most appropriate spatial scale and unit for evaluating relationships between ecosystem service supply and demand. Additionally, it is crucial to differentiate between quantitative and qualitative methods for characterizing (im)balances or (mis)matches between ecosystem service supply and demand, particularly avoiding the use of qualitative methods to represent quantitative relationships between supply and demand. Lastly, it is imperative to integrate ecosystem service flows into the assessment of supply and demand relationships, and evaluate the dynamic supply and demand relationships of regional ecosystem services from a coupled "supply-flow-demand" perspective.

Peranan Objek Wisata dalam Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat

This study aims to determine the process of developing the Pohon Seribu tourist attraction, and to determine the economic welfare of the community as business actors around the tourist attraction whether it is affected by the development of the Pohon Seribu tourist attraction in Kejorongan Pondok Sasak Ranah Pasisie District. This research uses qualitative methods by using data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Qualitative method is a method that focuses on in-depth observation, therefore, the use of qualitative methods in research can produce a more comprehensive study of a phenomenon. The result of this research is that the development of Pohon Seribu tourist attraction has an impact on the economic welfare of the community around the tourist attraction. In the economic field, there is an increase in the livelihood of the surrounding community, there is a shift in livelihoods. As a result of the tourist attraction, the income received by the community has increased compared to before the tourist attraction. In addition to the economic field such as socio-culture, with the location of tourist attractions making the surrounding community to continue to interact with tourists who visit, this has an impact on improving the welfare of the community is a change in the mindset of the community for the better. Pohon Seribu tourist attraction results in changes in behaviour and better language style.

Discordant Care and Decision Quality: Patients' Reasons for Not Receiving Their Initial Test of Choice in Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Concordance between a person's values and the test or treatment they ultimately receive is widely considered to be an essential outcome for good decision quality. There is little research, however, on why patients receive "discordant" care. A large, randomized trial of decision aids for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening provided an opportunity to assess why some patients received a different test than the one they preferred at an earlier time point. Of 688 patients who participated in the trial, 43 received a different CRC screening test than the one they selected after viewing a decision aid 6 mo prior. These patients answered 2 brief, open-ended questions about the reasons for this discordance. The research team analyzed their answers using qualitative description. Patient responses reflected 6 major categories: barriers or risks of initially favored test, benefits of alternative test, costs or health insurance coverage, discussion with family or friends, provider factors or recommendation, and health issues. Some of the patients' explanations fit well with the informed concordance approach, which infers poor decision quality from the existence of discordant care, since in these cases it appears that the patient's values and preferences were not adequately respected. Other statements suggest that the patient had an informed rationale for changing their mind about which test to undergo. These cases may reflect high-quality decision making, despite the existence of discordance as measured in the trial. This analysis highlights a major challenge to a popular approach for assessing decision quality, the difficulty of normatively assessing the quality of decision making when apparent discordant care has been provided, and the need to assess patient values and preference over time. Value-choice concordance is an accepted measure for assessing decision quality in decision aid trials, but greater exploration of apparently discordant care challenges key assumptions of this method; this study provides evidence that discordance as typically measured may not always reflect low-quality patient decision making.Researchers evaluating decision aids and assessing decision quality should consider the use of qualitative methods to supplement measures of decision quality and consider assessing patient preferences at multiple time points.

Potential Conflicts in The Nusantara IKN and Its Prevention

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia was founded and its independence was fought for none other than to protect the entire Indonesian nation and all of Indonesia's blood, promote general welfare, educate the life of the nation, implement world order based on independence, eternal peace and social justice." This is as stated in the Preamble to the Law. -The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia) paragraph 4 (four). This means that it is the duty of the President as head of state and head of government to improve the welfare of all Indonesian people both living on the island of Java and outside Java In fact, after all these decades it turns out that there is still inequality in various fields, especially the economy between the island of Java and other regions outside Java, one of which is due to the position of the country's capital in the Jakarta area which is located on the island of Java, so that development is uneven. The high inequality in economic, social and cultural development between Java and non-Java is getting higher day by day. So President Joko Widodo, on April 29 2019, announced his policy to move the National Capital (IKN) from the DKI Jakarta area to other areas in East Kalimantan, namely North Penajam Paser Regency and Kutai Kertangerara Regency which were chosen as the potential IKN locations. President Jokowi's decision received support from the DPR RI with the issuance of Law (UU) No. 3 of 2022 concerning the Move of the National Capital. In 2023, this law has been revised or amended with the approval of the DPR RI, to become Law No. 21 of 2023. In this context, a fairly comprehensive basis and review of the study of the movement of IKN from the DKI Jakarta area to the North Penajam Paser and Kutai Kertanegara Regency areas is needed. East Kalimantan so that there is no potential for conflict to arise in IKN. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare programs and activities as well as policies to prevent or at least minimize the potential for social conflict and the impacts arising from social conflict between immigrant communities and the indigenous people of East Kalimantan. This type of research uses qualitative research methods, namely methods that focus on in-depth observation. Therefore, the use of qualitative methods in research can produce a more comprehensive study of a phenomenon. Data and information collection techniques are carried out through observation and literature study The results of the study concluded that IKN was prone to the emergence of social conflict due to the long-standing and hereditary problem of land ownership belonging to indigenous communities in North Penajam Paser. Apart from that, it is also caused by the social gap between immigrant communities, who on average have a bachelor's degree, have special skills, a high work ethic and a better level of welfare compared to the majority of native communities. Another factor is the factor of injustice between individuals in society, whether due to differences in opinions and feelings, cultural differences, politics. economic and welfare differences that can have an impact on the birth of clashes both between individuals and between community groups. It turns out that there have been many social conflicts in this area for a long time, which if allowed to continue will create disharmony between the immigrant community and the native communities of North Penajam Paser and Kutai Kertanegara.

The role of the Polish Armed Forces in countering terrorism

In the modern security systems of the countries of the Euro-Atlantic area, a very important part is the fight against terrorism, in which the use of armed forces is a very important factor. The purpose of this article was to define the role of the Polish Armed Forces in combating terrorist threats, both within the framework of internal security and international security. The publication presents issues describing the phenomenon of terrorism. The introduction outlines how important the phenomenon of terrorism is in the modern world. Then, the focus was on characterizing this phenomenon, using definitions published in the literature covering the described phenomenon. The next part presents legal regulations regulating anti-terrorist activity in Poland, as well as the location of the Polish Armed Forces in these regulations, along with a description of the possibility of using them to fight terrorist threats. Subsequently, the focus was on characterizing the activities of the Polish Armed Forces in the aspect of combating terrorism, based on examples of their use in the past. The main research problem was formulated: What is the role of the Polish Armed Forces in combating terrorist threats in Poland and what are the possible directions for further development of anti-terrorist activities by the Polish Armed Forces? In response to the question, the following research hypothesis was formulated: The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland play an important role? In combating terrorist threats both in Poland and within the framework of international actions. In the past, their actions have been effective, but in the face of the dynamically changing terrorist threat, it is necessary to constantly improve the tools and methods used by them, as well as to develop cooperation with other anti-terrorist services and institutions. Verification of the above hypothesis and obtaining answers to the above questions required the use of qualitative methods. For the purposes of the research, the method of analysis of literature, legal acts, Internet sources was used and analysis of data available in literature and internet sources covering the subject.

TRANSAKSI CRYPTOCURRENCY DITINJAU DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM

The Globalization system has had a huge impact on modern society, especially in the fields of science, technology, information and communication, all of which are developing rapidly. The most famous currency is Bitcoin or cryptocurrency. Because there are now no clear boundaries and no recognition of the existence of cryptocurrencies in Indonesia, these cryptocurrencies are facing a number of polemics regarding their use throughout the world, including in that country. The debate over whether Bitcoin is halal or haram in Islam continues among scholars who study the Koran, hadith, ijma and other Islamic books. One important area of expertise in the world of information security is cryptography. Today, professionals in the fields of computer science and mathematics discovered a new application of encryption that could improve the quality of life of local communities: the buying and selling of digital currencies known as cryptocurrencies. Digital currencies that are not subject to government regulation are known as cryptocurrencies; this does not include official cash. This cryptocurrency is the forerunner to the creation of digital currency which is now known as Bitcoin currency, which can be used like other types of money. And the result of the discussion is that whether scholars allow cryptocurrency or not. This research uses a qualitative method where this method focuses on in-depth observation. Therefore, the use of qualitative methods in this research can produce a study of a phenomenon that is more comprehensive with literature research. Based on the background information provided previously, the author identifies problems that require further investigation. Among other things, what is the meaning of cryptocurrency in the current understanding and context and what is Islamic law regarding the use of cryptocurrency as a transaction tool.

Media coverage of the impact of the war on gender segregation in the Ukrainian labor market

The article aims to outline the trends of gender professional segregation occurring in Ukraine during the military conflict. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out with the use of qualitative methods. A content analysis was chosen for this study. The material consists of online textual publications, which include interviews with managers, specialists, and employees of the State Employment Center. It also includes interviews in which women residing on the territory of Ukraine share their experiences of employment and work during the war. Results and Discussion. In Ukraine today, two factors operate in parallel. On the one hand, there is an urgent need to fill vacancies in professions that have traditionally been dominated by men. On the other hand, the financial situation of women is on the decline. Women are forced to rethink their gender identity in the family and in society because of financial difficulties and their inability to guarantee a minimum of financial stability for themselves and their families. This leads them to be willing to accept jobs with working conditions that are particularly harmful and difficult. Employment opportunities for women are increasing due to differentiated demand, which contributes to the reduction of horizontal gender segregation. One factor that impedes this process is the demand for professions traditionally considered women’s domains, which do not require basic skills, and for which demand increased during the war. These professions are mainly related to manufacturing and working specialties. Given that educated and skilled women occupy blue-collar jobs, we can expect vertical segregation to intensify during wartime, when gender differences are manifested in positions and roles with differing status or potential for advancement. In the area of state gender policy, Ukraine has business development initiatives that reduce the gender gap in women’s access to assets and capital to invest in profitable entrepreneurial industries. However, these initiatives only involve a limited number of women and cannot be associated with radical gender changes in society. At the same time, the positive aspects of reducing horizontal gender segregation observed in Ukraine during wartime may be negated by the lack of or insufficient incentives for the development of preschool education. Thus, there are few effective levers to overcome gender segregation in Ukraine in the short and medium term. Achieving gender equality in the labor market is practically declaratory. Conclusions. In the context of the wartime crisis, gender segregation is a significant issue with negative consequences. A market specifically for women’s labor is emerging, and the social status of women’s work is declining compared to pre-war times. This situation may reinforce societal stereotypes that view men as more suitable for leadership positions, potentially decreasing women’s motivation and career aspirations.

Mobile-Based Mathematics Quiz Application (Case Study of International Mental Arithmetic Course)

A mobile application is a program that can run on the operating system of a mobile device, such as a smartphone. The background of this research is that when registering and taking courses at IMA Indonesia, the course institutions are still using conventional learning methods and not applying technology to enhance more interactive learning. The purpose of this study was to design a Mathematics Application for learning mobile-based arithmetic quizzes for elementary school students at IMA Indonesia. In this study, researchers used qualitative research methods. The use of qualitative methods can provide a broad understanding of the experiences and views of students and teachers regarding the effectiveness of using Mathematics applications in arithmetic quizzes. Qualitative data collection methods through observation and interview techniques. The application is designed using the Extreme Programming (XP) method. The goal of the XP method is to produce quality, productive, and cost-effective software during changes in the software development stage. The results of this study designed a Mathematics Application for mobile-based arithmetic quizzes using the Flutter framework and the Firebase database which has learning menu contents and quizzes. Based on the conclusions of this study, namely the application of mathematics to Android-based arithmetic quizzes at IMA Indonesia can improve the quality of learning in the application of mathematics to Android-based arithmetic quizzes

Examining the economic impacts of caregiving among families of children of medical complexity: A qualitative study to inform inclusive economic models.

Children with medical complexity (CMC) represent a heterogeneous group of children with multiple, chronic healthcare conditions. Caregivers of CMC experience a high intensity of caregiving that is often variable, extends across several networks of care, and often lasts for the entirety of the child's life. The economic impacts of caregiving are yet understudied in the CMC context. There have been recognized limitations to the sole use of quantitative methods when developing economic models of disease because they lack direct caregiver voice and context of caregiving activities and existing methods have been noted to be ableist. The purpose of this study was to explore the economic spillover impacts of caregiving among families of CMC using their own words and perspectives with the intent of expanding caregiver-centered perspectives when developing economic models. This study was a secondary analysis of a qualitative study that was conducted to examine family management practices among caregivers of CMC and their social networks. Caregivers of CMC were recruited through a Pediatric Complex Care clinic at an academic medical center in the mid-Atlantic region, USA. This study used inductive qualitative descriptive methods and the use of a template to define features of the person impacted and to define the economic construct as either a direct or indirect/spillover cost. Twenty caregivers were included in this study. Perspectives from the caregivers of CMC revealed several key themes: (1) time investment in caregiving - impacting the primary caregivers; (2) physical and mental health impacts - impacting the child themselves, siblings, and the primary caregivers; (3) impacts to leisure activities and self-care - impacting the child themselves, siblings, and the primary caregivers; (4) impacts to the social network/social capital. The themes described can be operationalized into inclusive family-centered models that represent the impacts of caregiving in the context of the family units of CMC. The use of qualitative methods to expand our development of quantitative economic models can be adapted to other populations where caregivers are involved in care. Caregivers can and should have an active voice in preference-based assessments that are operationalized in economic contexts to make them more inclusive. n/a. RR2-10.2196/14810.

Identifying and promoting qualitative methods for impact assessment

ABSTRACT Qualitative methods for impact assessment (IA) represent a broad spectrum of approaches that are important for realising effective IA practice. The purpose of this paper is to identify and promote qualitative methods that are available for use in contemporary and future (next-generation) IA processes. From an extensive literature review, an international survey (145 responses), expert interviews (48 interviewees), and a workshop attended by 27 IA practitioners, 17 qualitative method categories were identified. These were further subdivided into three classes: conventional qualitative methods, highly participatory methods, and mixed methods. Each method is described, and an indication given of how each can be used in IA practice, including the specific stage of the IA process to which they might be applied. Whilst this paper seeks to stimulate practitioners to apply qualitative methods to enrich IA practices, the research also identifies a lack of expertise with social science methods as a significant barrier to the effective use of qualitative methods in IA practice.

Analisis terhadap Implementasi Hukum Dagang Internasional dalam Perdagangan Indonesia Studi Kasus pada Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas Asean-China

The ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) has posed significant challenges, benefits, and impacts on Indonesia's trade. In terms of challenges, the implementation of ACFTA has introduced several obstacles, including intensified competition with imported products from China, which could threaten certain domestic industry sectors. The use of qualitative methods is relevant because of its focus on gaining a deep understanding of the implementation of international trade law in Indonesia, using ACFTA as a case study. The objective of this research is to understand how the implementation of International Trade Law, particularly in the context of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA), influences Indonesia's trade policies. The outcomes of this research are strategic steps needed to maximize the benefits of free trade with ASEAN and China while safeguarding domestic industry interests. Successful regional economic integration will bring significant economic benefits to all involved parties and strengthen economic cooperation in Southeast Asia.

Peran Pertanian dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi: Penilaian Transformasi Struktural dan Dinamika Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

By understanding the role of agriculture in economic development holistically, this research aims to provide policy makers, practitioners, and academics with deeper insights on how to enhance the role and contribution of the agricultural sector in achieving inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Through a careful evaluation of the structural transformation and dynamics of economic growth in the agricultural sector, this research is expected to provide valuable guidance in formulating more effective and future-oriented policies. In this study, the use of qualitative methods involved a variety of techniques and approaches. By using these qualitative methods, the research was able to explore various complex aspects of how agriculture plays a role in economic development, including the challenges, opportunities, social dynamics, and policies that affect it. Research results The agricultural sector is an important part of a country's economic structure, involving a wide range of activities from production to distribution of agricultural products. While agriculture is often the dominant sector in the early stages of economic development, its role continues to change as the economy develops. The role of the agricultural sector is crucial in feeding the population, creating jobs, and contributing to economic growth, especially in developing countries. However, agricultural activities can also have significant impacts on the environment, such as land degradation and ecosystem damage.

DINAMIKA PENELITIAN KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK

This study explores the compliance of taxpayers in Indonesia from 2013 to 2023 by mapping research published in national scientific journals. The research methodology involves a thorough literature review, examining articles with the keyword "taxpayer compliance" on scientific journal websites. The population consists of articles on taxpayer compliance, and the sample is selected based on criteria such as keyword relevance, completeness, clarity, and online accessibilityThe mapping of journal names aims to categorize articles, facilitating information on journal consistency in publishing content related to taxpayer compliance. The findings reveal continuous publications on taxpayer compliance in scientific journals throughout the years, with 2017 dominating the articles. E-Jurnal Akuntansi emerges as the most prolific journal in publishing these articles. The prevalent research method is quantitative, with awareness of taxpayers being the most commonly studied variable. Implications of the study include recognizing E-Jurnal Akuntansi and Jurnal Akuntansi as promising channels for future researchers and the potential for more varied and in-depth results through the use of qualitative methods. The study also highlights the predominance of primary data sources and suggests the exploration of alternative sources such as observation and interviews for richer and more realistic data.

The contribution of qualitative methods to economic research in an era of polycrisis

This article argues that the considerable socio-economic and political challenges posed by the polycrisis can be better understood through the application of qualitative methods in economic research as quantitative methods fall short in this context. We argue that the integration of qualitative methods into economic research is crucial for two main reasons: first, from a philosophical point of view, a more comprehensive perspective on economic phenomena increases the epistemic quality of economic knowledge, and second, for political reasons, more pluralism in economics increases the democratic quality of capitalistic societies. We provide a review of the literature of the use of qualitative methods in economics and its philosophical underpinnings. Using specific examples of the application of qualitative methods in economic policy research, we show how valuable such perspectives are in facilitating a deeper understanding of the polycrisis. We address concerns against qualitative research in the economic discipline and how our analysis serves to mitigate some of these concerns in the context of the polycrisis. We conclude with a discussion on the potential role of qualitative methods in economic research.

A Pilot Study into the Use of Qualitative Methods to Improve the Awareness of Barriers to Sustainable Medical Waste Segregation within the United Kingdom’s National Health Service

Within the United Kingdom, most medical waste is incorrectly classified as hazardous and disposed of via incineration or alternative treatment. Currently, no research has been conducted on why such a large quantity of medical waste is erroneously segregated. This pilot study explores the barriers to correct segregation with the aim to decrease the volume of incinerated waste by investigating why medical waste is wrongly identified as hazardous. No previous data are available to compare results, and so this study demonstrates the significance of using qualitative methods (questionnaires and focus groups) to bring awareness to issues faced within medical facilities when segregating waste. The low availability of different bins as well as lack of space and the healthcare workers’ busy schedules were identified as main reasons for poor segregation. Bins were sparsely placed, and staff lacked time to find the appropriate one leading to incorrect segregation of non-hazardous waste. Lack of information around whether a material was recyclable or not led to less recycled waste. When ways to engage with this issue were discussed, most medical staff favoured quick forms of information provision, such as posters, whereas a participant proclaimed longer hands-on style sessions as more effective. The findings of this study provide evidence that governmental strategies focused on sustainable medical waste management should direct their attention to the placement and availability of bins, whilst including ‘on-the-ground’ personnel in their decision making. This pilot study showed the value in using qualitative methods when current data are lacking and can be repeated by other healthcare facilities to collectively grow a greater awareness of the sustainability issues faced by the UK healthcare waste management system.

Beyond templates: methodological reporting practices and their impact in qualitative service research

PurposeThe study aims to promote the use of qualitative methods in service research by investigating how these methods are reported in service journals, how the level of reporting has evolved and whether methodological reporting influences the downloads or citations received by qualitative articles.Design/methodology/approachMethodological reporting practices were identified through content analysis of 318 qualitative articles published in three major service research journals and comparison with prior methodological literature. Regression analysis was used to test how the level of methodological reporting influences article downloads and citations.FindingsThe study identifies 29 reporting practices related to 9 key methodological reporting areas. The overall level of methodological reporting in published qualitative articles has increased over time. While differences in the level of reporting between service journals persist, they are narrowing. The level of methodological reporting did not influence downloads or citations of qualitative articles.Research limitations/implicationsService scholars using qualitative methods should pay attention to methodological reporting as it can improve the chances of being published. Factors such as theoretical contributions are likely to have a greater influence on article impact than methodological reporting.Originality/valueNo prior study has explored methodological reporting practices across different qualitative methodologies or how reporting influences article impact. For authors, reviewers and editors, the study provides an inventory of reporting practices relevant for evaluating qualitative articles, which should lower barriers for qualitative methods in service research by providing practical guidelines on what to focus on when reporting and assessing qualitative research.

Assessing user performance in augmented reality assembly guidance for industry 4.0 operators

In the realm of smart manufacturing, Augmented Reality (AR) technology has gained increasing attention among researchers and manufacturers due to its practicality and adaptability. For this reason, it has been widely embraced in various industrial fields, especially for helping operators assemble products. Despite its widespread adoption, there is a debate in the research community about how effective AR is for improving user performance in assembly tasks, particularly when using handheld devices. These disparities can be attributed to differences in experimental approaches, such as the frequent use of qualitative methods, the inclusion of non-representative users, and the limited number of comprehensive case studies.In response to this, the paper delved into the benefits of AR applications, with a specific focus on measuring user performance and the cognitive workload perceived by users during assembly activities. To this end, an AR assembly guidance tool has been developed to assist users during assembly tasks, running on a mobile device, specifically a tablet, for freedom of movement and high portability. Experimentation involved the assembly of a comprehensive case study and a diverse user group, allowing the comparison representative users and experienced industrial operators. The results were promising, indicating that AR technology effectively enhances user performance during assembly-guided activities compared to conventional methods, particularly when users are unfamiliar with the task at hand. This study brings valuable insights by addressing previous research limitations and providing strong evidence of AR's positive impact on user performance in real-world assembly scenarios.

INDIGENOUS STUDY: THE CONCEPT OF PUNISHMENT IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEACHERS AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Education and humans cannot be separated in life because education can create a skilled, intelligent and qualified young generation. Education has a role in improving human resources and is one of the efforts to realize a cultural heritage from one generation to another through learning. The quality of education in Indonesia is still experiencing problems and is often discussed by experts. In one of the provinces in Indonesia, namely West Sumatra, it can be found that the conditions for high school learning activities are not yet optimal. This is because the quality of learning outcomes in class is still above average and has not yet reached maximum results. In the learning process, there are learning methods that can make students interact with each other, one of which is the punishment method, where this learning method will make teachers and students interact with each other. Punishment is an effort made by teachers to improve and direct students in a better direction with the hope of changing and motivating students so that they avoid existing punishments. This research aims to examine the dynamics of the concept of punishment in the relationship between teachers and students. The use of qualitative methods in this research is used because this research applies an indigenous study of the dynamics of the concept of punishment in the relationship between teachers and students. The research was conducted using observation, interviews and documentation on 430 class XI high school students in Bukittinggi City. The results of this research show that the punishment given to high school students in teacher-student relationships can take the form of physical punishment, verbal punishment, punishment involving activities, academic punishment, group punishment, and emotional punishment. The psychological impacts experienced by high school students after receiving punishment from their teachers include hating their teachers, feeling embarrassed, lacking self-confidence, hurting or affecting students' mental health, feeling tired, and feeling burdened.