Use Of Wheat Varieties Research Articles

The Effects of Vernalization and Photoperiod Genes Composition on Heading Date in Wheat

The vernalization characteristics of wheat are mainly controlled by vernalization and photoperiod genes, which determine the winter-spring habit and heading-flowering of wheat, and affect its environmental adaptability. In order to understand the effects of vernalization and photoperiod genes on heading date, 12 common wheat varieties widely cultivated in the Huang-Huai region were used as experimental materials, and the effects of different low-temperature vernalization treatments on wheat heading date were studied. Using molecular markers from previous studies, the allelic variations and genotypes of vernalization genes (VRN-A1, VRN-B1, VRN-D1 and VRN-B3) and photoperiod genes (Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1, Ppd-D1) were detected. By identifying the heading date in a controlled greenhouse, the relationship between the vernalization and photoperiod genes composition and the heading date phenotype was analyzed. The experimental results showed that different wheat varieties had different phenotypes after different vernalization treatments. Tian min 198 carried a dominant vernalization gene, and its vernalization characteristics were expressed as spring wheat varieties, with low requirements for low-temperature vernalization. Wheat without a dominant vernalization gene had winter wheat characteristics, with high requirements for low-temperature vernalization. Wheat varieties carrying a dominant vernalization gene can be used to improve late-maturing wheat varieties, and serve as valuable germ plasma resources for variety improvement and introduction. Exploring the effects of different wheat vernalization and photoperiod genes composition on heading date is beneficial to provide a scientific basis for the rational use of wheat varieties, and studying the vernalization and photoperiod genes composition has guiding significance for wheat introduction and ecological breeding.

Winter Wheat Resistant to Increases in Rain and Snow Intensity in a Semi-Arid System

As the atmosphere warms, precipitation events have been predicted and observed to become fewer and larger. Changes in precipitation patterns can have large effects on dryland agricultural production, but experimental tests on the effects of changing precipitation intensity are limited. Over 3 years, we tested the effects of increased precipitation intensity on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Promontory variety) in a temperate dryland agricultural system that was on a rotation of crop and fallow years. We used 11 (2.1 × 2.5 m) shelters to collect and redeposit rain and snow as larger, more intense events. Total precipitation was the same in all plots, but event sizes in each plot varied from 1 to 18 mm. Treatments increased soil water availability, but winter wheat biomass and grain yield did not differ among treatments. Similarly, other measured plant growth responses, including vegetation greenness, leaf area index, canopy temperature, photochemical efficiency, root area, and new root growth, did not differ among treatments. Results indicate that at least in the semiarid climate and silt loam soils studied here, anticipated increases in precipitation intensity are unlikely to affect winter wheat production negatively. Further, increased precipitation intensity may mitigate water stress caused by increasing temperatures and encourage the use of wheat varieties that utilize deeper, later season soil water.

A Research on Expansion and Adoption of the Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Varieties Certified as Esperia and Tosunbey: The Example of Polatlı District in Ankara

The aim of this study is to determine which wheat varieties developed by public and private sector extension organizations are preferred by producers. In addition, it has been determined which wheat varieties are preferred due to their characteristics. The study was conducted in Ankara-Polatli district. In 2015, Polatli district was chosen because of the widespread use of wheat varieties developed by public and private sector extension. Tosunbey wheat variety was used in public sector and Esperiye wheat variety was used in private sector extension. The data in the farmer registration system were used to identify the producers using both wheat varieties. Stratified sampling method was used to determine the sample volume. According to this method, the sample volume was determined as 74 producers. In June-August 2015, face-to-face interviews were conducted with producers to collect data. Chi-Square test was used to compare the relationships between the data obtained. According to the research findings; There was a statistically significant relationship between producer's wheat type preference and variables such as residence, irrigable land size and membership to agricultural unions (P<0.05). It was determined that high prices and advance payments given to the product were the main factors affecting the choice of wheat varieties. It has been concluded that private sector extension is more effective in adopting wheat varieties than public sector extension.

Mapping of the loose smut resistance gene Ut6 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Loose smut of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caused by Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr. can cause considerable yield losses in the absence of appropriate management practices. The use of wheat varieties with loose smut resistance is an efficient and effective control technique. However, the development of commercial wheat lines with resistance to loose smut is time- and labour-consuming. DNA markers linked to loose smut resistance gene(s) would assist the development of loose smut resistant genotypes. The genetics of loose smut resistance was studied in an F5‐derived recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 94 lines from the cross BW278/AC Foremost. The line AC Foremost is resistant and line BW278 is susceptible to U. tritici race T10. Phenotypic assessment revealed that a single gene, designated Ut6, segregated for resistance to race T10 in the RIL population. A modified bulked segregant analysis identified a microsatellite marker linked to Ut6. A linkage map was developed consisting of linked microsatellite loci and the resistance gene. The loose smut resistance gene Ut6 mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5B. Five microsatellite markers mapped within 6.7 cM of Ut6. The microsatellite markers gpw5029 and barc232 flanked Ut6 at distances of 1.3 and 2.8 cM on the distal and proximal sides, respectively. A diverse set of wheat lines was haplotyped for Ut6 using the linked microsatellite markers gpw5029 and barc232. The haplotype analysis suggested that the microsatellite markers associated with Ut6 will be useful for marker-assisted selection of loose smut resistant wheat lines.