Use Of Venting Research Articles

Multifunction Robot for Reducing Sensors Count in Greenhouse Monitoring

Abstract: Over the years, greenhouse systems have been utilized to regulate the ambient conditions of precious crops in an effort to increase agricultural productivity. The crucial elements of a typical greenhouse are the construction of a polyhouse, the placement of artificial lighting, the careful use of vents, watering methods, and the calculated application of insecticides and pesticides, among other things. Numerous factors are crucial for optimum plant development, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity, light intensity, greenhouse layout, and plant spacing. Various monitoring and control methods have been suggested and put into practice for automated greenhouses throughout the years. For parameter monitoring in different plots of a green house, a number of sensors are often needed in green house automation. The interface between these sensors and the monitoring device is crucial. In exchange for a fee, several wired and wireless sensor networking solutions are being tested. This paper focuses on adopting a robotic approach to reduce the sensor count in the automated greenhouse system. The need of multiple sensors is eliminated as the robot can move across the greenhouse to collect data at required locations.

Headache-related clinical features in teleworkers and their association with coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The objectives were (1) to describe and compare headache-related clinical features between teleworkers with migraine and those with tension-type headache (TTH) and (2) to determine the association between coping strategies and headache frequency, and intensity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 284 teleworkers (127 with migraine and 157 with TTH). Sociodemographic data, information related to work factors, headache clinical features, coping strategies used during the COVID-19 pandemic, and headache-related clinical features were compared between headache profiles. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between coping strategies and headache frequency, and intensity. Results showed that teleworkers with migraine had longer and more painful headache episodes than teleworkers with TTH (ps < 0.001). Higher migraine frequency was associated with the use of the denial coping strategy (p = 0.006) while lower migraine intensity was associated with planning (p = 0.046) and the use of positive reframing (p = 0.025). Higher TTH frequency was associated with the use of venting, self-blame, and behavioral disengagement (ps < 0.007) while higher TTH intensity was associated with substance use and behavioral disengagement (ps < 0.030). All associations remained significant after adjusting for BMI as a covariate. Teleworkers with migraine had more intense and longer headache episodes than teleworkers with TTH. This could be explained by the fact that a greater proportion of individuals suffering from migraine experienced headaches prior to the beginning of the pandemic compared with teleworkers suffering from TTH. Regarding coping strategies, both primary headache profiles were associated with different types of coping strategies. Most of the coping strategies associated with headache frequency or intensity were maladaptive except for planning and positive reframing that were found to be inversely associated with migraine intensity.

The Role of Family-Level Factors in Childhood Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused pervasive disruptions to family life. In light of the established role of parent-child dynamics in the maintenance of pediatric anxiety, we conducted a multilevel, multimodal study to examine how family-level factors moderate anxious youths’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic (“pre-pandemic”), children with anxiety disorders (n = 28; ages 6-12) completed an fMRI task probing parental modulation of amygdala reactivity to fearful faces. During the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (“mid-pandemic”), parents completed questionnaires about their family’s exposure to COVID-19-related stress, their child’s COVID-19-related fears and behaviors, and their own (parental) functioning. Pre-pandemic parental modulation of amygdala reactivity moderated the association between children’s exposure to COVID-19-related stress and their COVID-19-related fears and behaviors. Furthermore, greater mid-pandemic parental assistance with their child’s use of venting and with their child’s use of expressive suppression as emotion regulation strategies exacerbated the effects of COVID-19-related stress on children’s COVID-19-related fears and behaviors, respectively. These results provide preliminary insight into the ways in which distinct family-level factors may buffer or exacerbate the effects of COVID-19-related stress on youth with a history of anxiety disorders.

INSIGHTS INTO THE FLOW WITHIN THE WELL DOCK OF A MOTHERSHIP DURING FEEDER VESSEL DOCKING MANOEUVRES

An experimental campaign has been undertaken to explore the flow around a feeder vessel as it manoeuvres in and out of the well dock of a mothership. The parent hulls for this study are drawn from the floating harbour transhipper concept created by Sea Transport Corporation. Laser measurement techniques have been employed to analyse the flow field within the well dock while the feeder vessel both enters and departs. For the Master of the feeder vessel to safely perform these manoeuvres, the complex flows resulting from the highly confined nature of the well dock concept need to be understood and potentially mitigated. It is shown that the inclusion of vents in the well dock can significantly influence the flow and that their effectiveness is determined by the size of the vents. This study further progresses the authors’ recent work on the same novel concept where the confined water effect of the well dock and inclusion of vents is quantified for both the seakeeping behaviour and the docking/departure performance. It is concluded that the use of vents is very beneficial when a feeder vessel docks or departs the well dock, however a compromise on the vent size must be reached in order to reduce adverse effects on feeder vessel motions when docked and exposed to a seaway. It is likely that the optimum solution, that covers all operational parameters, only requires the inclusion of relatively small vents.

Insight into the Flow Within the Well Dock of a Mothership During Feeder Vessel Docking Manoeuvres

An experimental campaign has been undertaken to explore the flow around a feeder vessel as it manoeuvres in and out of the well dock of a mothership. The parent hulls for this study are drawn from the floating harbour transhipper concept created by Sea Transport Corporation. Laser measurement techniques have been employed to analyse the flow field within the well dock while the feeder vessel both enters and departs. For the Master of the feeder vessel to safely perform these manoeuvres, the complex flows resulting from the highly confined nature of the well dock concept need to be understood and potentially mitigated. It is shown that the inclusion of vents in the well dock can significantly influence the flow and that their effectiveness is determined by the size of the vents. This study further progresses the authors’ recent work on the same novel concept where the confined water effect of the well dock and inclusion of vents is quantified for both the seakeeping behaviour and the docking/departure performance. It is concluded that the use of vents is very beneficial when a feeder vessel docks or departs the well dock, however a compromise on the vent size must be reached in order to reduce adverse effects on feeder vessel motions when docked and exposed to a seaway. It is likely that the optimum solution, that covers all operational parameters, only requires the inclusion of relatively small vents.

Mothers’ Emotional Expression and Discipline and Preschoolers’ Emotional Regulation Strategies: Gender Differences

The early development of children’s emotional regulation benefits children with regard to their interpersonal relationships, academics, and mental health. Individual children may use different strategies to regulate their emotions. Because mothers are often children’s main caretakers, maternal emotional expression and discipline may be related to their children’s emotional regulation strategies (ERSs) and may reveal gender differences. Hence, we used questionnaires to survey 498 mothers of 3–5-year-old children in China to examine gender differences in the relationship between maternal emotional expression and discipline and boys’ and girls’ ERSs. The study results are as follows: (1) Maternal negative emotions were correlated with girls’ use of passive behaviors and venting, and maternal positive emotions were related to both girls’ and boys’ use of cognitive reconstruction and problem solving and to girls’ use of alternative activity. (2) The relationships between maternal nonviolent discipline and children’s use of problem solving and between maternal physical assault and children’s use of problem solving, self-consolation and venting existed only for girls. Additionally, maternal psychological aggression was correlated with both girls’ and boys’ use of venting. These findings suggest that the intervention for and prevention of children’s ERSs may be somewhat different for boys and girls in China.

Understanding Resource‐Conserving Behaviors Among Fishers: Barotrauma Mitigation and the Power of Subjective Norms in Florida's Reef Fisheries

AbstractUnderstanding the factors underlying fishers’ decisions to adopt resource‐conserving behaviors is important to successful fisheries management. This study used an online survey to explore factors motivating decisions to use alternative barotrauma mitigation measures (venting and descending) to improve discarded reef fish survival across recreational, charter, and commercial fishers in the state of Florida. A majority of respondents (66–69%) had experienced fish showing gross signs of barotrauma, and more than half of those (52–69%) reported using barotrauma mitigation most of the time when needed. Use of mitigation by other fishers was perceived to be lower (30–57%) and to have declined after removal of a venting tool requirement. Overall, respondents were more likely to have used venting tools (96–99%) than fish descenders (14–27%), and most respondents (81–86%) intended to use venting tools in the future. The theory of planned behavior was used to predict and explain intentions to use venting tools and/or fish descenders based on three variables: attitudes toward the method, subjective norms (i.e., social pressure), and perceived control (i.e., confidence in their ability to use the method). Fishers across sectors perceived venting tools and descenders to be similarly effective in improving released fish survival, but they felt that descenders were more time consuming, difficult to use, and expensive. Subjective norms and perceived control were stronger for venting tools than for descenders. Overall, subjective norms had the strongest influence on fishers’ intention to use either form of mitigation; attitudes and perceived control were also important in the case of descenders. Outreach efforts focusing on re‐enforcing subjective norms should have the greatest impact on increasing fishers’ use of barotrauma mitigation methods. Comparatively greater efforts are required to increase the use of descending gear than to increase the use of venting, and care should be taken to avoid strategies that could result in an overall decline of barotrauma mitigation.

Coping Styles for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

The aim of the present study was to examine whether specific coping styles are associated with self-reported anxiety in a sample of older adults. A total of 210 community-dwelling older adults completed self-report measures of anxiety and depression and the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced scale. Results indicated that a tendency to utilize dysfunctional coping strategies predicted anxiety symptomatology in late life, with older adults who reported high levels of anxiety more likely to report using dysfunctional coping. After controlling for depressive symptoms, use of venting and self-blame made an independent contribution in predicting anxiety symptoms. Overall, 65% of the variance in anxiety symptoms was explained by education, depressive affect, and use of self-blame and venting as coping strategies. Our findings indicate that specific coping styles such as venting and self-blame are associated with experiencing high levels of anxiety symptoms in late life. These results suggest that targeting specific dysfunctional copying styles may be useful for prevention strategies and interventions treating anxiety in late life.

Scientists as Stakeholders in Conservation of Hydrothermal Vents

Hydrothermal vents are deep-sea ecosystems that are almost exclusively known and explored by scientists rather than the general public. Continuing scientific discoveries arising from study of hydrothermal vents are concommitant with the increased number of scientific cruises visiting and sampling vent ecosystems. Through a bibliometric analysis, we assessed the scientific value of hydrothermal vents relative to two of the most well-studied marine ecosystems, coral reefs and seagrass beds. Scientific literature on hydrothermal vents is abundant, of high impact, international, and interdisciplinary and is comparable in these regards with literature on coral reefs and seagrass beds. Scientists may affect hydrothermal vents because their activities are intense and spatially and temporally concentrated in these small systems. The potential for undesirable effects from scientific enterprise motivated the creation of a code of conduct for environmentally and scientifically benign use of hydrothermal vents for research. We surveyed scientists worldwide engaged in deep-sea research and found that scientists were aware of the code of conduct and thought it was relevant to conservation, but they did not feel informed or confident about the respect other researchers have for the code. Although this code may serve as a reminder of scientists' environmental responsibilities, conservation of particular vents (e.g., closures to human activity, specific human management) may effectively ensure sustainable use of vent ecosystems for all stakeholders.

Clinical and Sociodemographic Factors Predict Coping Styles Among Adults With Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) presents a significant physical and psychological burden for persons with this chronic disease; however, little is known about how individuals with SCD--adult patients in particular--cope with disease-related stressors. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize factors that may influence the styles of coping among adults with SCD. The study sample included 46 adult patients with SCD-20 men and 26 women--with an average age of 32.04 years (range, 18-59). Patients completed a computer-based questionnaire that included measures of sociodemographics and the COPE, a measure of coping styles. End organ damage disease severity scores and frequency of hospitalizations were obtained from patients' medical records. Education was negatively associated with use of denial (r = -0.35; p = .017) and positively associated with use of planning (r = .29, p = .045). However, age, type of SCD, end organ damage, and frequency of hospitalizations were not associated with patient coping. There were significant gender differences in coping, with women reporting greater use of venting, positive reframing, and religion as coping strategies than men (all p < .05). Women also tended to use more planning, emotional support, and acceptance than men (all p < .10). These associations were not moderated by age, type of SCD, disease severity, or hospitalizations. Further, these gender differences were not better explained by differences in SCD experience. These findings suggest that in patients reporting similar experiences with SCD, coping differs by education and gender. Moreover, these differences in coping cannot be explained by clinical factors such as end organ damage and health care utilization. Sickle cell disease (SCD) presents a significant physical and psychological burden for persons with this chronic disease; however, little is known about how individuals with SCD--adult patients in particular--cope with disease-related stressors. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize factors that may influence the styles of coping among adults with SCD.

Use of escape vents to improve size and species selectivity of collapsible pot for blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus in Thailand

Laboratory experiments were firstly conducted to determine the possibility of modification of the collapsible pot for blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus by designing appropriate escape vents in terms of shape, position, and size to improve size selectivity by reducing the catch of immature crabs. In laboratory observations, nearly square-shaped vents of 35 mm height and 45 mm length, located at the lower part of the side panel, showed the best performance to allow the escape of immature-size crabs by side-crawling escape behavior through the vents, with L 50% selection carapace length (CL) of 39.1, 44.4, and 48.7 mm CL for 40, 45, and 50 mm vent length, respectively. Comparative fishing trials between conventional and vented pots with vents of 35 × 45 mm size were conducted to examine the crab size and species selectivity. Use of the vented pots was found to reduce the number of immature crabs in the catch from 70.5% to 11.0% on average, while not affecting the catch efficiency of mature-size crabs. The vented pots also had a selective effect for reducing the catch of bycatch species in comparative fishing trials.

Chemical-Biological Protective Clothing: Effects of Design and Initial State on Physiological Strain

This study examined whether heat strain during low states of chemical and biological protection (CB(low)) impacted tolerance time (TT) after transition to a high state of protection (CB(high)) and whether vents in the uniform reduced heat strain during CB(low) and increased TT. There were eight men who walked at 35 degrees C in CB(low), and then transitioned to CB(high). Subjects wore fatigues in CB(low) with an overgarment during CB(high) (F+OG) or a new 1-piece (1PC) or 2PC uniform throughout CB(low) and CB(high). One condition also tested opened vents in the torso, arms, and legs of the 2PC uniform (2PC(vent)) during CB(low); these vents were closed during CB(high). Also worn were fragmentation and tactical vests and helmet. Heart rates were reduced significantly during CB(low) for F+OG and 2PC(vent) (114 +/- 13) vs. 1 PC and 2PC (122 +/- 18). Rectal temperature (T(re)) increased least in CB(low) for F+OG (0.86 +/- 0.23 degree C) and was significantly lower for 2PC(vent) (1.02 +/- 0.25 degree C) vs. 2PC (1.11 +/- 0.27 degree C). T(re) increased rapidly during CB(high) for F+OG, which had the shortest TT (40 +/- 9 min). Increased thermal strain during CB(low) for 1PC negated its advantage in CB(high) and TT (46 +/- 21 min) was similar to F+OG. Differences in T(re) between 2PC and 2PC(vent) remained during CB(high) whereTT was increased during 2PC(vent) (74 +/- 17 min) vs. 2PC (62 +/- 19 min). It was concluded that heat strain during CB(low) impacted TT during CB(high), and use of vents reduced heat strain during CB(low), thereby increasing TT.

Probe-Tube Microphone Measures of Vent Effects With In-the-Canal Hearing Aid Shells.

The acoustic effects of three different configurations of vented in-the-canal (ITC) hearing aid shells were investigated. Real-ear sound pressure level measures (200-2000 Hz) were obtained from unvented and vented ITC shells from 12 adult subjects. In general, with increasing vent size, an increase in the amount of low-frequency reduction and an upward shift in vent kneepoints and vent-associated resonance occurred. The use of venting may be considered clinically for low-frequency reduction in ITC hearing aid frequency responses.

Dust explosion protection — a comparative study of selected methods for sizing explosion relief vents

Explosion relief vents are commonly used to discharge safely the combustion products of a dust explosion in items of powder handling plant. A problem associated with this method of explosion protection is the sizing of the vent area; this must be large enough to prevent explosion pressures from reaching damaging levels but not so large that the use of vents becomes impracticable. This report compares three common methods of estimating vent areas by applying explosibility data determined in the Hartmann bomb and the 20 litre sphere.