Use Of Transport Networks Research Articles

Path Prediction Optimization and Secure Traffic Management Using VANET

There has been a significant growth in the number of private automobiles in the previous decade as a result of technological advancements and changes in people’s lifestyles. This creates a major problem of congestion main reason being the transportation infrastructure’s inadequately construction and maintenance, which is the case in most major cities. By broadcasting the vehicle’s current location and surroundings in real time to other adjacent cars and roadside devices, VANETs may help alleviate traffic congestion by using intelligent algorithms to anticipate and avoid potential bottlenecks on the route. This can also be used to predict the shortest path from initial location to destination making it easy for the drivers in the choosing the right path. To implement all these functionalities, we need a robust and secure communication channel and also an intelligent and complex algorithm. Our aim is to predict a lane with least probability of accidents and find the shortest path with least travelling time and congestion. This keeps the user informed regarding the surrounding scenario’s and makes more coordinated, safer, and optimal use of transport networks.

The Territorial Dimension of Russian Aggression Against Ukraine—Polish and European Perspective

Russian aggression against Ukraine and the associated sanctions from the side of the United States and the European Union resulted in gradual changes in the previous directions of the socio-economic linkages. Besides this global scale, the war in Ukraine has also influenced the linkages and the spatial structures on the regional or local levels. The purpose of the present article is to provide an initial identification of the development of new territorial differentiation in three dimensions: socio-demographic (migrations), economic (first of all the official trade exchange), as well as infrastructural (extension and use of transport networks). The focus here was on the potential consequences that can take place in Europe and in Poland (as a country bordering Ukraine and playing a very special role in both the social relations—the inflow of refugees, and in the economic ones—intermediation in the interactions between the European Union and Ukraine). Identification of spatial differentiation was performed on the basis of analysis of various statistical data, including, in particular, cross-border traffic data, Polish foreign trade at LAU1 level, inflow of refugees (official data of the Polish government), or the secondary data, resulting from project work (in particular, ESPON IRiE). The ultimate scale of the influence of war in Ukraine, neither on the society nor on the economy, cannot be established at this stage of the conflict. The studies performed confirm, however, that the consequences (in each of the dimensions analyzed) are highly territorially diversified. This diversification, though, does not concern only countries or even regions. It has also a local dimension and as such should be adequately perceived by the public authorities of different levels.

Comparative Study of The Sustainability Transport Systems

Purpose: Compare of the sustainability transportation systems between Indonesia and Germany. Learning implements some lessons learned from the German experience to the development of transportation planning in Indonesia to support sustainable land use and transportation by comparing and analyzing the probability of converting and adopting reducing private transportation, landscape, financing mechanisms, and transport mechanism between Germany and Indonesia.
 Design/methodology/approach: Analyzing obtained data based on the comparison's parameters framework.
 Findings: Potentially, a parameter that can be set to develop a better transportation system for environmental and people safety, or even to reduce the congestion that occurs in most of Indonesia's metropolitan areas.
 Research limitations/implications: Since the study location is in fact somewhat distant, the information that is gathered to analyze the comparison is only chosen from each country's broad outline and is not otherwise specified.
 Practical implications: Finding solution for a better sustainable transportation in Indonesia that can be implemented.
 Originality/value: The analytical framework that is implemented in this comparative study is a methodically innovative approach form of developing an Innovative Transport System that is to aim a better use of transport network.
 Paper type: Literature Review

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ РОЗПОДІЛУ МАТЕРІАЛЬНО-ТЕХНІЧНИХ РЕСУРСІВ ЛОГІСТИКИ ДЛЯ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ АВТОТЕХНІЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ

Within the logistics system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, its main function is implemented - logistics support of the Armed Forces. Logistics support of the Armed Forces is implemented by logistics units, management bodies, and equipment, which is expressed in the implementation of material, technical, transport support and operation of infrastructure, as well as some types of medical support. Logistics support of the Armed Forces is a set of closely related procedures, as well as the activities of logistics bodies and units, which are aimed at organizing the proper functioning of the logistics system, effective use of transport network and vehicles, and providing troops with everything they need to live and conduct operations of various types in peacetime, during the crisis and martial law. It consists in the coordination, planning, organization, promotion and control of the use of various means of supply, as well as the implementation of a wide range of specialized and household services. The purpose of the logistical support of the Armed Forces is to meet the needs of troops in armaments and military equipment, as well as in the means necessary for life and conduct various operations, and to ensure the ability of human potential to conduct combat operations. The work is devoted to forecasting management models in the field of logistical automotive support of the needs of troops which are recommended to be realized by application of the distribution method for optimization of transport flows. Analysis and evaluation of the use of means of supply and provision is a type of management activity for a deep understanding and understanding of the dialectic of development of the managed object, an objective assessment of its driving forces. This makes it possible to simulate the situation, outline a specific goal, choose the means to achieve it and get the best optimal result. Keywords: logistics, auto technical support, material and technical resources, optimization.

Intervening to prevent a suicide in a public place: a qualitative study of effective interventions by lay people

ObjectivesMany suicides take place in public locations, usually involving jumping from high places or use of transport networks. Previous research has largely focused on the effectiveness of physical barriers at...

Capacity Predictions and Capacity Passenger Car Equivalents of Platooning Vehicles on Basic Segments

Vehicle platooning is an innovative strategy that uses automated driving technology and communication to enable a more efficient use of transportation networks. By controlling tighter gaps between vehicles, vehicle platooning will increase freeway capacity. However, it is important to quantify the extent of the increase of capacity so that highway engineers can plan for this technology. This Federal Highway Administration research develops an analytical model to predict the capacity of basic freeway segments based on the market penetration and the maximum number of vehicles allowed in a platoon. It uses these predictions to calculate passenger car equivalents, which may be required for planning purposes. Simulations show that capacity can be predicted analytically to within 2% of simulated values. In addition, for the parameters used in the analysis, the capacity of freeways that restrict platoons to no more than 5 vehicles is comparable to the capacity of freeways that allow larger platoons (e.g., 6.1% maximum difference in capacity between maximum 5 and 12 vehicle platoons); consideration of limiting platoon size is important to ensure maneuverability.

Efficient contraflow algorithms for quickest evacuation planning

The optimization models and algorithms with their implementations on flow over time problems have been an emerging field of research because of largely increasing human-created and natural disasters worldwide. For an optimal use of transportation network to shift affected people and normalize the disastrous situation as quickly and efficiently as possible, contraflow configuration is one of the highly applicable operations research (OR) models. It increases the outbound road capacities by reversing the direction of arcs towards the safe destinations that not only minimize the congestion and increase the flow but also decrease the evacuation time significantly.In this paper, we sketch the state of quickest flow solutions and solve the quickest contraflow problem with constant transit times on arcs proving that the problem can be solved in strongly polynomial time $~O(nm^2~(\log~n)^2)~$, where $~n~$ and $~m~$ are number of nodes and number of arcs, respectively in the network. This contraflow solution has the same computational time bound as that of the best min-cost flow solution. Moreover, we also introduce the contraflow approach with load dependent transit times on arcs and present an efficient algorithm to solve the quickest contraflow problem approximately. Supporting the claim, our computational experiments on Kathmandu road network and on randomly generated instances perform very well matching the theoretical results. For a sufficiently large number of evacuees, about double flow can be shifted with the same evacuation time and about half time is sufficient to push the given flow value with contraflow reconfiguration.

A Research on Smart Transportation Using Sensors and Embedded Systems

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are advanced applications which, without embodying intelligence as such, aim to provide innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks. Highway travel is the lifeblood of modern industrial nations. The larger roads are sorely over burdened: around the major cities, heavy usage slows most peak-hour travel on freeways to less than 60 kilometers per hour. In all excessive traffic causes more than five billion hours delay every year; it wastes countless gallons of fuel and needless multiplies exhaust emission. The main goal of this paper is to make the experience of driving less burdensome and accident less, especially on long trips. This can be achieved by making the highway itself part of the driving experience and integrating roadside technologies that would allow the overburdened highway system to be used more efficiently. The automobile will have automatic throttle, braking and steering control.

Automatic Congestion Identification with Two-Component Mixture Models

Automatic identification of traffic congestion is an important component of any intelligent transportation system. These systems need computer algorithms to identify current congestion and to predict the evolution of future congestion. The output of the congestion identification algorithm enables various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and smarter use of transportation networks. A new automatic congestion identification algorithm was proposed; it assumed that the speed data were drawn from a two-component mixture model. The first component represented the speed distribution in congestion, and the second component was the free-flow speed distribution. The proposed algorithm was first calibrated by using historical speed data in a two-component mixture model. A free-flow speed threshold based on the estimated parameters of the free-flow speed distribution was set. Subsequently, a road segment was identified as having free flow if its speed was greater than the threshold and congested if its speed was less than the threshold. The mixture components considered lognormal and gamma-skewed distributions and normal symmetric distributions. The proposed algorithm was tested by using two real data sets collected from two different roadways and was demonstrated to produce good performance.

Solving the minimum toll revenue problem in real transportation networks

As a means to relieve traffic congestion, toll pricing has recently received significant attention by transportation planners. Inappropriate use of transportation networks is one of the major causes of network congestion. Toll pricing is a method of traffic management in which traffic flow is guided to proper time and path in order to reduce the total delay in the network. This article investigates a method for solving the minimum toll revenue problem in real and large-scale transportation networks. The objective of this problem is to find link tolls that simultaneously cause users to efficiently use the transportation network and to minimize the total toll revenues to be collected. Although this model is linear, excessive number of variables and constraints make it very difficult to solve for large-scale networks. In this paper, a path-generation algorithm is proposed for solving the model. Implementation of this algorithm for different networks indicates that this method can achieve the optimal solution after a few iterations and a proper CPU time.

정보 서비스 장치 테스트를 위한 메시지 프레임 자동 생성 기법

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are advanced applications which, without embodying intelligence as such, aim to provide innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and `smarter` use of transport networks. However, ITS has the different size and shapes according to the city environment policy to adjust the city scene and it has to be displayed by different message on the information display device in real-time. And the information service providers must make the information display system which has the different information and data each time. That is very time and workers consuming and auto message frame generation system is necessary. In this paper, we design and develop the message frame generation system which can set several parameters easily for the generation of the message frame automatically on the windows environment and we do not need to go the field to get the test data.

Multi Objective Optimization Method by PSO

The use of transportation network (TN) has been rapidly increasing in order to communication, transportation, etc and provides low cost and less time to access to the desired location from distant location. The Reliability and cost of these TNs are important and are largely determined by network topology. Network topology consists of nodes (places) and the links (paths) between nodes. The selection of optimal network topology (ONT) is NP-hard combinatorial problem so that the classical enumeration based method grows exponentially with network size. In this paper, a heuristic search algorithm inspired by evolutionary method is presented to solve the all-terminal network design problem when considering cost and reliability. The PSO algorithm is considerably enhanced over conventional implementations to improve effectiveness and efficiency for reliability and cost to optimize.

Optimal Pricing Policies for Public Transportation Networks

In this paper we study the problem of finding an optimal pricing policy for the use of the public transportation network in a given populated area. The transportation network, modeled by a Borel set $\Sigma\subset \R^n$ of finite length, the densities of the population and of the services (or workplaces), modeled by the respective finite Borel measures $\varphi_0$ and $\varphi_1$, and the effective cost $A(t)$ for a citizen to cover a distance $t$ without the use of the transportation network are assumed to be given. The pricing policy to be found is then a cost $B(t)$ to cover a distance $t$ with the use of the transportation network (i.e., the price of the ticket for a distance $t$), and it has to provide an equilibrium between the needs of the population (hence minimizing the total cost of transportation of the population to the services/workplaces) and that of the owner of the transportation network (hence maximizing the total income of the latter). We present a model for such a choice and discuss the existence as well as some qualitative properties of the resulting optimal pricing policies.

And Ever the Twain Shall Meet: The Holiness Missionary Movement and the Birth of World Pentecostalism, 1870–1920

AbstractPentecostalism first appeared as a global movement, built with both modern and antimodern materials provided by the American holiness missionary movement. On the anti-modern side, radical holiness spirituality and theology infused the worldviews of its advocates with supernaturalism, primitivism, and an apocalyptic eschatology. It resisted modern trends toward systematization, bureaucratization, and centralized control. Furthermore, radical holiness minimized the significance of modern categories of nation, ethnicity, race, and civilization. On the other side, radical holiness depended on the modern disintegration of traditional religious deference, used modern techniques for promoting audiencedriven or democratized patterns of authority, and effectively equipped its followers for the pragmatic methodologies of modernity by skillfully making use of transportation networks, fund-raising techniques, and mass media to reach large audiences.American holiness missionaries carried these characteristics overseas, where non-American advocates adapted them to their particular circumstances. Both American and non-American adherents promoted radical holiness in ways that confounded reigning categories of identity, power relations, and conceptions of East and West. Radical holiness granted religious authority to Chinese men, Indian girls, spirit-filled Zulus, working-class Chileans, female evangelists, and African-American leaders, as well as white American males, without consciously mobilizing its followers along lines of national, ethnic, gendered, racial, or class identity. It demanded that its followers leave "heathenism," but it did so without utilizing the imperialist era discourse of civilization that upheld western cultural superiority and non-western cultural inferiority. In terms of its national or racial characteristics, then, early leaders from diverse backgrounds used tools from the American holiness movement to bring a non-American movement, world Pentecostalism, into existence.

Economic Stability in Network Industries

Abstract Much of the recent attention in Europe regarding the use of transport as an instrument of integration has centered upon the creation of an appropriate infrastructure as illustrated by the TENs Programmes of the European Union.There are also issues concerning the way operations and use of transport networks can contribute to greater spatial economic integration. The focus of recent policies has been the liberalization of transport markets and the greater involvement of the private sector in providing actual transport services. There are theoretical grounds for suggesting this can enhance both the technical and dynamic efficiency of supply and these tend to be supported by the emerging empirical findings. However, there are difficulties with relying on market and competitive forces to provide network services. The nature of supply and demand characteristics associated with networks may not produce a stable market solution. At the extreme this can result in deficiencies in output and, under less theoretically rigid conditions, can lead to volatility in supply. The result is that even where transport may have the potential to enhance spatial cohesion this potential will not be completely realized. This paper, drawing in particular on the theories of Edgeworth, looks at the underlying nature of this potential problem, examines the empirical evidence and considers appropriate policy responses.