Use Of Topos Research Articles

Animal sauve enfant abandonné : quand la topique animalière vient éclairer autrement les topoï répertoriés (à partir du Shâhnâmeh de Ferdousi)

<p>The article continues with the post entitled "Poetic memory or the use of topos "ENFANT ABANDONNE" in Milan Kundera’s The unbearable lightness of being " published on the SATOR research notebook by Madeleine Jeay, in which she shows that Kundera works a topical situation corresponding to a number of topoi listed in SATORBASE as ADOPTER ENFANT TROUVE, DESOBEIR ORDRE DE TROUVER ENFANT, ENLEVER SECRETEMENT ENFANT etc. The article continues this reflection and focusses on the animal topic in the Shah Nameh of Ferdousi, reflecting on the role of the Simorgh (this mythical bird that plays an essential role in Persian culture and that is found in the Manteq-et-their (The dialogue of the birds) of Farid eddine Attar and in the metaphysical and philosophical texts of Avicenna and Sohravardi. In the Shah Nameh the Simorgh rescues Zal, abandoned as a child by his father, King Sam, and raises him until the latter, now an adult, finds his father who grants him the royal filiation. And the child is fed at night by a gazelle. Such topical configurations that could be called ANIMAL SAVES CHILD ABANDONS are very widespread. We question the original scene of a close relationship between human sovereignty and animal sovereignty, the part of sovereignty being equally distributed between man and animal which is here the inseparable adjuvant. The methodological question of topical naming is also addressed.</p>

Government participation and populist discourse transformation of radical left Syriza and radical right Anel

This study examines how the government participation within an EU country can affect the discourse of the left-wing and right-wing populist parties. We analyzed this question by tracing two Greek populist parties' discourse, the left-wing Syriza and the right-wing Independent Greeks (Anel), during the 2012-2019 period. We have split the examined period into two subperiods (2012 to July 2015, and August 2015 to 2019). The turning point was the Syriza-Anel government’s signature of the third EU bailout program in August 2015. The first hypothesis was that the government accession within the EU context would slightly decrease the populist logic of the two parties. The next two hypotheses referred that the EU leverage emerged by the signing of the bailout agreement will decrease the populist rhetoric of the two parties towards the external elites (mainly the EU). However, the right-wing populists (Anel)- even after this decrease- will target the external elites to a larger extent than the left-wing populists. To examine the hypotheses in-depth, we applied a combination of quantitative content analysis with qualitative discourse analysis. The findings have corroborated our three initial hypotheses. Simultaneously, the qualitative discourse analysis offered us some additional findings concerning the two parties' use of topos of “History” to increase their populist appeal within the electorate.

Other Writings/Traditions

Other Writings/Traditions Christopher T. Begg and Michael W. Duggan 2383. [Abraham in Philo] Sean A. Adams, "Abraham in Philo of Alexandria," Abraham in Judaism and Early Christianity, 75-92 [see #2424]. In the above essay, A. adopts a "character theory approach" and seeks to evaluate how Philo reads Abraham's life in light of his relationships. Specifically, A. argues that modern theories about how character is developed in narratives can be profitably applied to Philo's interpretation of the Genesis narrative. In particular, an interfigural approach, which identifies relations between characters within a given text or from different texts, highlights how Philo defines Abraham through his engagement with and relationship to other characters, esp., though not limited to, Sarah, Isaac, Lot, and Pharaoh. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] 2384. [3 Maccabees; Intoxication Topos] Nicholas P. L. Allen and Pierre J. Jordaan, "Filled with the Spirit; Or New Wine, Which Cheers Both God and Men? Analyzing the Topos of Intoxication in 3 Maccabees," JNSL 45 (2, 2019) 1-18. This paper explores the topos of intoxication in its application to the reading of 3 Maccabees. In particular, A. and J. examine the use of the topos as part of a Hellenistic rhetorical strategy that is designed to highlight the differences between Jews and non-Jews and between the righteous and non-righteous actors in the narrative. In the course of their study, it becomes evident that the author of the book uses the above topos to focus attention on issues of orthopraxy and heteropraxy. Ultimately, A. and J. identify three dimensions to 3 Maccabees' use of the intoxication topos: (1) in association with King Philopater and his friends as adherents of the cult of Dionysius; (2) to highlight the irrational behaviors of drunken partygoers who exhibit qualities that are opposed to both Dionysian and Jewish [End Page 852] orthopraxy; (3) in ironic and antithetical fashion, alcohol, from 3 Macc 6:30 on, suddenly becomes a symbol of orthopraxy. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] 2385. [Abraham in Josephus] Michael Avioz, "Abraham in Josephus' Writings," Abraham in Jewish and Early Christian Literature, 93-108 [see #2424]. In his essay on Abraham in the Josephan corpus, A. argues that his treatment of the patriarch should be seen above all as an exegetical project. A.'s categorization of Josephus's writings as "exegesis" differs from the taxonomy proposed by S. Docherty (see #2393) for "Rewritten Scripture" texts, with A. arguing that as an exegete Josephus is primarily concerned with translating the biblical text into Greek, resolving contradictions in the Hebrew Bible, and addressing problematic ethical issues that might have troubled Graeco-Roman readers—all of which strategies are on display in his handling of the biblical Abraham narrative. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] 2386. [4 Macc 15:29] Grzegorz M. Baran, "'Mother of the Nation (Mḗtēr éthnous)' (4 Macc. 15:29)—Mother of Seven Maccabean Sons as Patriarchess of New-Quality Nation," RB 127 (2020) 5-34. The mother of the seven sons, during the martyrdom of her children, is portrayed in 4 Maccabees as displaying the same attitudes as Abraham. The book's describing her with the use of typically masculine terms also underlines her great authority and special role within a patriarchal society. Her title mētēr ethnous in 4 Macc 15:29 can therefore be interpreted within the context of the book as a whole in light of the person and mission of the patriarch Abraham. In particular, the mother can be seen as a "patriarchess of a new-quality nation" consisting of those who, through their obedience to the Law in the face of various difficulties, inherit not so much earthly goods as an eternal reward. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] 2387. [1 Corinthians 5–7; Deuteronomy] Pasquale Basta, "'So you shall put away the evil from among you': Exclusion from the Community in Deuteronomy and in the Early Pauline Churches (1 Corinthians 5–7)," Bib 100 (2019) 426-54. The Letters of Paul not only feature extensive quotations of OT Scripture but also echo OT motifs...

Analyzing Mitotic Chromosome Structural Defects After Topoisomerase II Inhibition or Mutation.

For analyzing chromosome structural defects that result from topoisomerase II (topo II) dysfunction we have adapted classical cell cycle experiments, classical cytological techniques and the use of a potent topo II inhibitor (ICRF-193). In this chapter, we describe in detail the protocols used and we discuss the rational for our choice and for the adaptations applied. We clarify in which cell cycle stages each of the different chromosomal aberrations induced by inhibiting topo II takes place: lack of chromosome segregation, undercondensation, lack of sister chromatid resolution, and lack of chromosome individualization. We also put these observations into the context of the two topo II-dependent cell cycle checkpoints. In addition, we have devised a system to analyze phenotypes that result when topo II is mutated in human cells. This serves as an alternative strategy to the use of topo II inhibitors to perturb topo II function.

3-D Surface Visualization of pH Titration “Topos”: Equivalence Point Cliffs, Dilution Ramps, and Buffer Plateaus

3-D topographic surfaces (“topos”) can be generated to visualize how pH behaves during titration and dilution procedures. The surfaces are constructed by plotting computed pH values above a composition grid with volume of base added in one direction and overall system dilution on the other. What emerge are surface features that correspond to behavior in aqueous solutions. Equivalence point breaks become cliffs that pinch out with dilution. Buffer effects become plateaus. Dilution alone generates 45° ramps. Limitations of the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation can be seen by noting the conditions over which a plateau remains relatively flat. Because dissociation is driven by dilution, the surfaces demonstrate when the solution of a weak acid becomes indistinguishable from that of a strong acid. Surfaces are presented for hydrochloric acid, HCl (a strong acid); acetic acid, CH3COOH (a weak monoprotic acid); oxalic acid, HOOCCOOH (a weak diprotic acid) and l-histidine dihydrochloride, C6H9N3O2·2HCl (a weak triprotic acid). Supplementary materials include suggested use of topos in lecture, as worksheets and in support of laboratory activities for first-year college courses and third-year analytical chemistry courses. Also provided is pH TOPOS, the macro-enabled spreadsheets that quickly generate surfaces for any mono-, di-, or triprotic acid desired. Only a change of acid dissociation constants, Ka values, is required.

Simple, Fast, and Efficient Cloning of PCR Products with TOPO ® Cloning Vectors

BioTechniquesVol. 46, No. 6 Application Forum - Sponsored PaperOpen AccessSimple, Fast, and Efficient Cloning of PCR Products with TOPO® Cloning VectorsBalwant PatelBalwant PatelLife Technologies, 5791 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USASearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:25 Apr 2018https://doi.org/10.2144/000113158AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IntroductionTraditional restriction enzyme cloning methods are time-consuming and tedious, and with their relatively low efficiencies, multiple colonies must be screened to find the insert of interest. By removing laborious and unreliable steps from standard cloning procedures, TOPO® PCR cloning enables benchtop cloning reactions in 5 min and obtains up to 95% recombinants (Table 1). The use of TOPO® cloning vectors has been reported in the literature more than 10,000 times since the technology was launched.Table 1– Efficient subcloning with TOPO® cloning kits.Various PCR products were cloned into the pCR®2.1-TOPO® vector, transformed into One Shot®TOP10 Chemically Competent E. coli, and plated onto X-gal/amp plates. The percent recombinants represent the numbers of white colonies/the number of total colonies.95% Cloning Efficiency in Three StepsInvitrogen's TOPO® cloning technology harnesses the activity of DNA topoisomerase I, which in nature functions both as a restriction enzyme and as a ligase. It cleaves and rejoins DNA during Vaccinia virus replication. Topoisomerase I specifically recognizes the pentameric sequence 5′-(C/T)CCTT-3′ and forms a covalent bond with the phosphate group of the 3′ thymidine. It then cleaves one DNA strand, enabling the DNA to unwind. The enzyme then religates the ends of the cleaved strand and releases itself from the DNA. To harness the re-ligating activity of topoisomerase I, TOPO® vectors are provided linearized with topoisomerase I covalently bound to each 3′ phosphate. This enables the vectors to efficiently ligate linear DNA fragments with compatible ends. The ligation is completed in only 5 min at room temperature.TOPO® PCR cloning only requires three steps: combine PCR product and a TOPO® cloning vector, incubate 5 min at room temperature, and transform E. coli (Figure 1). Cloning can be done 2 days faster by using TOPO® cloning kits with Mach1™-T1R competent cells compared to traditional restriction enzyme cloning (Table 2).Figure 1– TOPO® cloning protocol.We offer TOPO® cloning kits with Mach1™-T1R, the fastest-growing component cells on the market. With Mach1™-T1R competent cells, minipreps from an overnight colony are obtained in four hours—saving an entire day compared to cloning with most other strains.Table 2– TOPO® cloning kits with Mach1™-T1R competent cells save time.Versatility of TOPO® PCR cloningTOPO® cloning solutions are available for use with general subcloning, sequencing, or in vitro transcription; expression in E. coli or mammalian cells; or using the Gateway® system. The power of the technology enables the pcDNA™3.3-TOPO®–adapted mammalian expression vectors to yield tens of milligrams of recombinant protein expression in suspension-adapted mammalian cells.To request a sample today and learn more, visit www.invitrogen.com/toposample.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 46, No. 6 Follow us on social media for the latest updates Metrics Downloaded 699 times History Published online 25 April 2018 Published in print May 2009 Information© 2009 Future Science LtdPDF download

Homologous and Heterologous Protein–Protein Interactions of Human DNA Topoisomerase IIα

DNA topoisomerase II (topo II; EC 5.99.1.3) is a nuclear enzyme whose DNA decatenating activity on newly replicated DNA is essential to successful cell division. Topo II catalytic activity proceeds by a concerted DNA breakage–reunion reaction coordinated between two interacting, homologous subunits. Human and yeast topo II have recently been shown to enter into heterologous protein–protein interactions and some of these interactions appear necessary for successful chromosomal segregation. In the present study, the sequences mediating homologous and heterologous protein–protein interactions have been investigated biochemically using various truncated peptides from the major α form of human topo II. From nonreducing gel electrophoresis and solid-phase protein–protein binding (Far Western) assays, topo II homodimerization appeared to be minimally governed by the region between amino acids 951 and 1042. However, maximal homodimerization and multimerization required sequences C-terminal to position 1042. Topo II peptides were also able to interact with 10–12 nuclear proteins from HeLa cells, termed topo II-interactive proteins or TIPs. Interestingly, small topo II peptides between residues 808 and 951 that did not homodimerize with topo II (857–1447) were nonetheless capable of binding to HeLa TIPs. These interactions were confirmed by use of topo II affinity chromatography for isolation of specific TIPs from HeLa nuclear extracts. Taken together, these data confirm that human topo II is also capable of heterologous interactions with nuclear proteins and that the region governing these interactions is distinct from, but has some overlap with, sequences directing topo II homodimerization.

Topoisomerase II inhibitors induce DNA double-strand breaks at a specific site within the AML1 locus.

Treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) following successful therapy of a primary malignancy has been recognized with increasing frequency among cancer survivors over the past several years. Many of these t-AML cases are associated with the use of intensive chemotherapy regimens that employ one or more agents which target eukaryotic topoisomerase II (topo II), and demonstrate non-random chromosomal translocations involving either the MLL (ALL-1, HRX) gene at 11q23 or the AML1 gene at 21q22. Although many investigators have speculated that these translocations are induced by the therapeutic use of topo II inhibitors, the molecular sequence of events by which topo II inhibitors might induce a chromosomal translocation are not well understood. We describe here the reproducible induction of highly specific, double-strand DNA cleavage at a specific site within the AML1 locus by topo II inhibitors. This DNA cleavage, which maps to a region of the AML1 locus frequently disrupted by chromosomal translocations, can be induced in several cell lines, with multiple different topo II inhibitors, indicating that this phenomenon is not restricted to a specific cell type or specific topo II inhibitor. It is conceivable that site-specific double-strand DNA cleavage within the AML1 locus induced by topo II inhibitors represents the initial molecular event leading to a chromosomal translocation and t-AML.