Topical Use Of Hydroquinone Research Articles

A split-face of dermaroller and intradermal injection with the autologous platelet rich fibrin lysate in the treatment of exogenous ocronosis: A case series

Exogenous ochronosis (EO) is a rare, cosmetically disfiguring condition, resulting from the long term use of topical hydroquinone in treatment of melasma. The studies about it are small and many of the treatments have mixed result. Autologous human platelet rich fibrin (PRF-L) is contains platelet that are purpose to release numerous growth factor that valuable in numerous dermatologic application.Platelet rich fibrin lysate used for EO has not been reported. We presented three cases with EO treated with split-face of the PRF-L applied right before dermaroller on right face and intradermal injection on the left for 8 weeks.The treatment re-apply every 2 weeks. The improvement was measuring by 10-point grading scale and dermoscopic examination, including five-point grading scale to assessment of patient satisfaction. All of three patients demonstrated significant improvementand very satisfied in 4th week of treatment. This result suggests that PRF-L can be used as of one modality for EO treatment.

A case of ochronosis successfully treated with the picosecond laser.

Exogenous ochronosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by blue-black pigmentation resulting as a complication of long-term application of skin-lightening creams containing hydroquinone and other substances such as quinine, phenol and mercury derivatives. We report a case of a 55-year-old woman who developed exogenous ochronosis as a result of prolonged use of topical hydroquinone for 5years, characterized by greyish hyperpigmented patches on the nose and cheeks. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically. Treatment with picosecond laser resulted in marked clinical improvement together with improvement in overall texture and quality of the skin.

Exogenous ochronosis treated with CO2 Laser

Exogenous Ochronosis is a rare skin disease. It is usually associated with the topical use of hydroquinone, resulting in a grayish or bluish black hyperpigmentation due to dermal deposition of ocher pigment. There is no gold standard treatment and the therapeutic options are generally not effective. We report a case of a patient with exogenous achronosis after use of Hydroquinone, treated with CO2 Laser and showing very good results

Formulation, Characterisation, and in Vitro Skin Diffusion of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Deoxyarbutin Compared to a Nanoemulsion and Conventional Cream.

The long-term use of topical hydroquinone as an anti-hyperpigmentation treatment has well-known, unwanted effects. Deoxyarbutin (4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]phenol) is a relatively new tyrosinase inhibitor, with stronger inhibitory potency than hydroquinone, that exhibited decreased cytotoxicity against melanocytes and other cells. This study developed novel nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for improved topical delivery of deoxyarbutin (dArb), leading to improved depigmenting efficacy. dArb is a hydrophobic substance, but it easily degrades in aqueous medium and is thermolabile. Screening and optimisation of the solid lipid, liquid lipid, surfactant, co-surfactant and production methods were performed to choose the optimum particle size and stability for NLCs. One percent dArb NLCs were obtained from a combination of cetyl palmitate (CP) and caprylic/capric tryglicerides (Myr) in 12% total lipids using poloxamer 188 (P-188) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 as a surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively, with a particle diameter of approximately 500 nm and a polydispersity index (PI) <0.4. These NLCs were produced using the simple method of high-shear homogenisation (10,000 rpm, 5 minutes) and ultrasonication (3.5 min). The compatibility between the substances in the formula was evaluated using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The morphology of the NLCs was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro penetration of dArb NLCs was evaluated and compared to the nanoemulsion (NE) and conventional emulsion (CR) delivery methods across Spangler’s membrane (SS). Delivery improvement was clearly observed, and after 8 h of application, dArb gel-NLCs showed the highest dArb penetration, followed by liquid NLCs, NE, and CR.

Endogenous ochronosis presenting as recalcitrant facial hyperpigmentation aggravated with prolonged use of topical hydroquinone 2%

Ochronosis is an uncommon condition characterized by the deposition of an ochre-colored pigment within the skin, cartilage, and other connective tissues [1]. There are two types of ochronosis: endogenous and exogenous. Alkaptonuria (endogenous ochronosis), is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by a triad of homogentisic aciduria, cutaneous hyperpigmentation, and arthropathy. It is due to the deficiency of the enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase, which catalyzes the conversion of homogentisic acid to maleylacetoacetic acid in the catabolism of tyrosine. Exogenous ochronosis is a cutaneous disorder characterized by the bluish-black hyperpigmentation on the skin due to chronic use of chemical preparation and oral administration of a specific medication [2]. We present an overlap case of exogenous and endogenous ochronosis.

Exogenous ochronosis: case report and literature review

Exogenous ochronosis is a rare, cosmetically disfiguring condition, resulting from the longterm use of topical hydroquinone in treatment of melasma. It manifests as gray-brown or blue-black macules in hydroquinone-exposed regions. The exact incidence of ochronosis is unknown. High rates have been reported in the South African population, and it is rare in the United States. We report the case of a patient who developed exogenous ochronosis while using topical hydroquinone. It is necessary to recognize this disorder at the earliest stage and discontinue hydroquinone immediately, as its treatment is difficult. Sun exposure facilitates the formation of exogenous ochronosis and must be strictly avoided, although it is a practical problem in the tropical climate of Brazil, particularly for those who work outdoors.

Exogenous ochronosis after prolonged use of topical hydroquinone (2%) in a 50-year-old Indian female

Ochronosis is a rare disease characterized by speckled and diffuse pigmentation symmetrically over the face, neck, and photo-exposed areas. It is characterized histologically by banana-shaped ochre-colored deposits in the dermis. It can present in exogenous or endogenous form. We report a case of exogenous ochronosis in a 50-year-old Indian woman after prolonged use of topical hydroquinone which is a rare complication with a commonly used drug which is available over the counter.

Exogenous ochronosis superimposed on chronic kidney disease: A case report and review of literature

Ochronosis is a rare disease characterized by speckled and diffuse pigmentation symmetrically over the face, neck, and photo-exposed areas. It can present in exogenous or endogenous form. Endogenous ochronosis or alkaptonuria is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency of homogentisic acid (HGA) oxidase, which results in the accumulation of HGA, a hydroquinone (HQ) metabolite of tyrosine. Some evidence suggests that it is not HGA itself but a by-product of its oxidation, a benzoquinone acetic acid, that can polymerize to a melanin-like pigment by unknown mechanisms and accumulates both inter and intracellularly in connective tissue, most commonly the joints, cardiovascular system, kidney, skin, and glands, a pathological condition known as ochronosis (Development of an in vitro model to investigate joint ochronosis in alkaptonuria. Tinti L, Taylor AM et al. Rheumatology 2010; Oct 15: 1-7. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq246). Exogenous ochronosis (EO) is a rare, cosmetically disfiguring condition, resulting from the long-term use of topical HQ in the treatment of melasma. It manifests as grey-brown or blue-black macules in HQ-exposed regions, characterized histologically by banana-shaped ocher-colored deposits in the dermis. HQ the topical bleaching agent of choice is widely prescribed by physicians and often used by patients without a prescription. The principal adverse effects of its chronic use are confetti-like depigmentation and rarely EO. EO is an avoidable dermatosis that needs to be recognized early with immediate discontinuation of HQ as treatment is difficult. Sun exposure facilitates the formation of EO and must be strictly avoided. We report case of a 65-year-old man who had chronic kidney disease but developed EO while using topical HQ.

Topical Use of Hydroquinone as a Depigmenting Agent

Hydroquinone is known to inhibit melanogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, 2% and 5% hydroquinone creams were topically applied to the hyperpigmented skin of 56 patients. Used in this way, hydroquinone was a moderately effective depigmenting agent in 80% of cases. The 2% cream appeared to be as effective therapeutically as the 5% cream and to evoke untoward side effects (primary irritation) much less often. Therapy with topically applied hydroquinone did not lead to complete disappearance of pathological hypermelanosis, but results were satisfactory enough to help most patients become less self-conscious about their pigmentary abnormalities.

Topical use of hydroquinone as a depigmenting agent

Topical use of hydroquinone as a depigmenting agent

Topical Use of Hydroquinone for Depigmentation

Autoxidation of hydroquinone in ointments used for depigmentation may reduce its effectiveness. In this study low concentrations (2%, 3%, 5%) of stabilized hydroquinone were used for depigmenting old age spots on the hands of 94 white men. Also treated were 43 Negro men with normal skin. Higher concentrations of hydroquinone may produce sensitization. Lower concentrations are less likely to. Although the depigmentation produced by topical hydroquinone is limited, it is, in our experience, the best available depigmenting agent.

Topical use of hydroquinone for depigmentation

Topical use of hydroquinone for depigmentation