Use Of Time Data Research Articles

Measuring 24-h use of time in people with a diabetes-related foot ulcer: A feasibility study.

Physical activity (PA), sleep and sedentary time are now recognised as mutually exclusive and exhaustive parts of the 24-h day-if PA decreases, time spent sleeping, being sedentary or both must increase so that all components equate to 24h. Recent advances in time-use epidemiology suggest that we should not consider time-use domains (PA, sleep and sedentary time) in isolation from each other, but in terms of a composition-the mix of time-use domains across the 24-h day. While interrelated daily activities are known to be important in the management of diabetes mellitus, few studies have investigated the interrelated daily activities in people with an active diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU) and their impact on important outcomes such as wound severity, blood glucose control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This feasibility study aims to determine the acceptability and practicality of measuring 24-h use of time data in people with a DFU and its associations on important outcome measures for this population. Participants wore a wrist-worn accelerometer for twoweeks and completed demographic and HRQoL questionnaires. Outcomes were participant engagement, reported levels of study burden and value and compositional data analysis as a methodological approach for evaluating 24-h use of time data. Twenty-six participants reported low levels of study burden and rated the study value highly. The protocol appears feasible in terms of recruitment (81%) and retention rate (86%). On average, participants were relatively sedentary spending 747, 172 and 18min in sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous activity, respectively. Sleep appeared adequate with participants obtaining an average of 485min, but quality of sleep was notably poor with average sleep efficiency of 75%. Compositional data analysis was able to quantify the integrated associations of 24-h use of time with HRQoL. The protocol provides an acceptable method to collect 24-h use of time data in people with a DFU. Efforts to consider and analyse PA as part of a 24-h activity composition may provide holistic and realistic understandings of PA in this clinical population.

Analysis of Food Granary Development (Study: In Jombang Regency)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of government assistance, the role of members and location on the development of food storage in Jombang Regency for the period 2014-2017. This thesis studies 384 food granaries in 21 districts. The analytical method used is the Pool Least Square (PLS) by using the variable number of dependent stock grain. This study uses data from the Food Security Service of Jombang Regency, and for the use of time data from 2014 to 2017, which means that this study uses panel data. The results showed that together the government, member and location variables had a significant effect on the output of food storage development. Whereas partially the member and location variables have a positive positive effect on government assistance variables which have a significant negative effect on the output of growth stock grain in Jombang Regency.

Time Use, Disability, and Mobility of Older Americans

This study explored how disability, mobility, social and leisure engagement, and travel behavior influence older people’s life satisfaction. The study used the 2013 Disability and Use of Time data for people ages 50 years and older, many of whom reported physical impairments. The study developed a model that related life satisfaction with various time use, disability, and mobility variables. Summary statistics of time use showed that as people aged, they spent more time on solitary, passive leisure activities; social face-to-face time did not seem to change very much. Alone passive leisure time use was especially large for those who experienced a physical mobility-related disability and were carless. The study used an ordinal logistic regression and found that longer alone leisure time uses were associated with lower life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was positively affected by transportation variables, such as vehicle availability. The study also found that social face-to-face time use had a weak positive relationship with life satisfaction, and technology-mediated social activities had a strong negative relationship with life satisfaction.

Sleep duration or bedtime? Exploring the association between sleep timing behaviour, diet and BMI in children and adolescents

To determine whether sleep timing behaviour is associated with energy intake and diet quality in children and adolescents. Cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative survey data. A total of 2200 participants of the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey aged 9-16 years with 2 days of food intake data, 4 days of use of time data and complete anthropometry. Participants were grouped into one of four sleep-wake behaviour categories: early bed-early rise (EE); early bed-late rise (EL); late bed-early rise (LE) and late bed-late rise (LL). The four categories were compared for body mass index (BMI) z-score, energy intake and diet quality assessed using the Dietary Guideline Index for Children and Adolescents. Analyses were adjusted for survey design, sociodemographic characteristics, sleep duration and physical activity level (PAL). In adjusted multivariate regression models with sleep timing behaviour group as the independent variable, the 'LL' category compared with the 'EE' category had a higher BMI z-score (β=0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06 to 0.34, P=0.007), and lower diet quality (β=-4.0, 95% CI -5.7 to -2.3, P<0.001). Children and adolescents who went to bed late also had a higher intake of extra foods (that is, energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods) while those whom went to bed early consumed more fruit and vegetables. Energy intake was associated with sleep duration (β=-4.5 kJ, 95% CI -6.7 to -2.4, P<0.001), but not sleep timing behaviour. Late bedtimes and late wake up times are associated with poorer diet quality, independent of sleep duration, PAL and child and sociodemographic characteristics.

Knowledge Work, Working Time, and Use of Time Among Finnish Dual-Earner Families

The industrial working-time regime is dissolving—not dramatically, but rather as a trend. A new trend is that those in dynamic sectors and in a good labor market position work long hours: Demanding knowledge work appears to require the marginalization of private life. This study investigates the family situation of knowledge workers, the concentration of knowledge workers into family, working time, and use of time in different family types. The analysis is based on the Finnish Use of Time data (1999-2000) using family(spouse)-level data. Compared with other categories of employment, the results suggest only minor quantitative differences between knowledge worker families in working time and use of time. However, the results show that qualitative experience of time varied across families. Knowledge work families especially experienced feelings of hurriedness and time famine.

Physical activity and screen time behaviour in metropolitan, regional and rural adolescents: A -sectional study of Australians aged 9–16 years

Objectives While there is consistent evidence that rural adults in Australia are less active than their urban counterparts, studies relating geographical remoteness to activity patterns in Australian adolescents have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to describe objectively and subjectively measured patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviours across remoteness categories in a representative sample of 9–16 year old Australians. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: 2071 Australian adolescents provided self-report use of time data on four days and wore a pedometer for at least 6 days within the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Comparisons of activity patterns were made across four objectively-determined remoteness categories (Major City, Inner Regional, Outer Regional and Remote), adjusting for household income, parental education and age. Results: Adolescents living in major cities self-reported 11–29 min less moderate to vigorous physical activity each day than their counterparts living in geographically more remote areas, and took 150–850 fewer steps each day. While there were no differences in time spent in sport or active transport, differences in free play participation were significant. Males in major cities also reported higher levels of screen time. Differences were somewhat more marked among males than among females. Conclusions: Activity levels among Australian adolescents show contrasting patterns of geographical differences to those found in Australian adults. Higher levels of free play among rural Australian adolescents may be due to more available space and less fear of traffic and stranger risks.

Descriptive epidemiology of screen and non-screen sedentary time in adolescents: a cross sectional study

BackgroundMuch attention has been paid to adolescents' screen time, however very few studies have examined non-screen sedentary time (NSST). This study aimed to (1) describe the magnitude and composition of screen sedentary time (SST) and NSST in Australian adolescents, (2) describe the socio-demographic correlates of SST and NSST, and (3) determine whether screen time is an adequate surrogate for total sedentary behaviour in this population.Methods2200 9-16 year old Australians provided detailed use of time data for four days. Non-screen sedentary time (NSST) included time spent participating in activities expected to elicit <3 METs whilst seated or lying down (other than sleeping), excluding screen-based activities (television, playing videogames or using computers). Total sedentary time was the sum of screen time and NSST.ResultsAdolescents spent a mean (SD) of 345 (105) minutes/day in NSST, which constituted 60% of total sedentary time. School activities contributed 42% of NSST, socialising 19%, self-care (mainly eating) 16%, and passive transport 15%. Screen time and NSST showed opposite patterns in relation to key socio-demographic characteristics, including sex, age, weight status, household income, parental education and day type. Because screen time was negatively correlated with NSST (r = -0.58), and exhibited a moderate correlation (r = 0.53) with total sedentary time, screen time was only a moderately effective surrogate for total sedentary time.ConclusionsTo capture a complete picture of young people's sedentary time, studies should endeavour to measure both screen time and NSST.

The type and prevalence of activities performed by Australian children during the lunchtime and after school periods

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the most prevalent reported activities performed by Australian children during the lunchtime and after school periods; and estimate the mean duration of a typical bout of the most prevalent activities performed during the lunchtime and after school periods. Design: This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Method: Use of time data were collected from Australian children aged 10.0–13.9 years ( n = 794) using the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults (MARCA). The most prevalent self-reported activities for the lunchtime and after school period on school days were determined by mean duration across the sample. The estimated energy cost for each of the activities was reported based on the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth. Results: A list of the 20 most prevalent lunchtime activities and 30 most prevalent after school activities is presented. Of the most prevalent lunchtime activities, 35% were classified as sedentary and 65% as moderate to vigorous physical activities. During the after school period, 57% of the most prevalent activities were classified as sedentary and only 43% as moderate to vigorous physical activities. Conclusions: These data may assist in the development or refinement of activity checklists with greater content validity, which may be used in combination with objective measures to provide important contextual information about the types of activities being performed and inform the development of appropriately targeted interventions.

Predictors of time famine among Finnish employees - Work, family or leisure?

The recent survey data indicates that the time famine is a common experience among employees, while the data of time use indicates increased leisure time. Similarly, there are different views on the causes of time famine. Firstly, in working life research time famine is usually explained by increasing requirements of work life. Secondly, in gender studies time famine is considered to be a product of family obligations. Thirdly, some authors interpret time famine as a phenomenon relating to the intensification of leisure. The aim of the study was to examine the extent and causes of time famine among Finnish employees. The analysis was based on the Finnish Use of Time data (1999–2000) and focused on 15-64-year old employees (n=4866). The first aim of the study was to compare different measures of time famine. The descriptive analysis indicated that time famine was overrepresented among women and those who were aged between 25-54 years, who were well-educated, and had children at home. The second aim was to examine predictors of time famine. The predictors of time famine were classified in three groups: work, family, and leisure factors. The logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for men and women. The analysis focused on two indicators of time famine representing different dimensions. Lack of time indicated general time famine and being busy during the diary day indicated more dayspecific situation. The two approaches to time famine – general and day-specific – raised different explanations. The general feeling of the lack of time was predicted all three predictor groups. Daily busyness was related strongly to work factors and only weakly to family obligations or leisure activities. Thus, time famine can be examined with different ways, which produce similar picture on the overrepresentation of it among women, well-educated and families with children. However, the predictors of time famine do vary depending on gender and how time famine is measured.

Managerial Communication Patterns

Use of time studies provide detailed information on organizational communication patterns, offering a rich base of data for identifying promising new targets for “groupwork”; support researchers. This article looks at use of time data that provide a detailed picture of communication patterns in the workdays of managers and some other knowledge workers.

Comparisons between Results of Polar Coordinates Derived from Time Data and Those from Latitude Ones

Computations of the polar coordinates are carried out by the use of time data and of latitude data separately. The results from time data and those from latitude data are proved to have mutual differences in annual term in particular. That is, polar loci obtained from latitude results give almost circular forms, while those from time results give elliptic forms elongated rather seriously on the X-axis.