Use Of Synthetic Preservatives Research Articles

Copperized Karanj Seed (Pongamia pinnata) Oil as an Alternative to Chemical Preservative in Plywood Manufacturing

Most chemicals used in wood preservation are toxic to the environment. Use of synthetic preservatives are highly prevalent in plywood manufacture. Wood, which is the basic raw material for plywood manufacture, being ligno-cellulosic material is liable to degradation due to microbiological organisms and other biological wood destroying organisms causing significant loss. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an alternate naturally available preservative which will be effective for plywood manufacture. Karanj or Pongamia pinnata is known for its anti-fungal and pesticide properties that make it an ideal material as wood preservative. Therefore, an attempt was made to develop an eco-friendly green preservative using naturally available plant resources with high toxicity to wood destroying organisms and low toxicity to humans. Copper was incorporated into Karanj seed extractive and 12mm thick plywood samples were prepared at different concentrations 0.5% to 5% of preservative which were subjected to tests for efficacy study and mechanical properties as per Indian Standards. From the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that 3% concentration of the preservative can be utilized in plywood manufacture which can resist against wood borers and termites. Concentration above 3% of the preservative interfere with the bonding properties of the resin and significantly reduces glue shear strength.

Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Bio-oil from Durian Shell Pyrolysis

Foodborne bacteria cause food spoilage, usually Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Thus, synthetic preservatives are employed in food preservation to prevent food spoilage caused by microorganisms. Excessive use of synthetic preservatives can cause disease. Bio-oil has become a natural preservative because of its high phenolic content. However, bio-oil still requires purification because the initial bio-oil (grade 3) still contains carcinogenic compounds that are dangerous for consumption. Therefore, this study aims to determine the components of the bio-oil compound after purification and its effectiveness as an antibacterial. Durian shell (DS) is pyrolyzed in a heating reactor without oxygen at a temperature of 330–600ºC (flow rate 6ºC/minute) with a 2-3 cm material size. Furthermore, bio-oil purification includes stages of filtration using activated zeolite, fractional distillation at 70–200ºC (grade 2), and filtration using activated charcoal (grade 1). Bio-oil purification includes stages of filtration using active zeolite and activated charcoal (grade 2), and fractional distillation at a temperature of 150–200ºC (grade 1). Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, grade 2 and grade 1 contain the major compounds 1,4-dimethyl-1h-imidazole and acetic acid. The research showed that bio-oil grades 1 and 2, when used at a 30% concentration, exhibit antibacterial strong effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings suggest that bio-oil grades 1 and 2 could be valuable natural preservatives.

Effect of pomegranate peel on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of tortilla chips prepared from germinated corn and mung bean flour

There is increasing demand of innovative functional foods in the market to cure widely prevalent deficiencies observed globally. In line with this issue, the study was aiming to replace existing snacking habits with the healthier ones by using corn and mung bean seeds to produce their respective germinated flours for production of tortilla chips with varied concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 15 %) of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) for enhancing the shelf life of the chips without use of synthetic preservatives. All these variations were then fried at three temperatures 170, 180, 190ºC for different times 75 s, 60 s, 45 s, respectively and were then evaluated for their proximate composition, antioxidant properties, sensory properties and shelf life for a period of 40 days. Ash content analysis showed increased content up to 7.6 % for T"1 (with 15 % PPP/170 °C). Total antioxidant activity and phenolic content increased with increased peel concentration and decreased with increased frying temperature. After control, the maximum overall acceptability among samples having peel powder was of T2 (with 5 % PPP and fried at 180 °C) with score 7.68. However, the peroxide value and free fatty acid value were found minimum for T"3 (with 15 % PPP and fried at 190 °C) indicating an extended shelf life.

Polyphenols: Natural Preservatives with Promising Applications in Food, Cosmetics and Pharma Industries; Problems and Toxicity Associated with Synthetic Preservatives; Impact of Misleading Advertisements; Recent Trends in Preservation and Legislation.

The global market of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products requires continuous tracking of harmful ingredients and microbial contamination for the sake of the safety of both products and consumers as these products greatly dominate the consumer's health, directly or indirectly. The existence, survival, and growth of microorganisms in the product may lead to physicochemical degradation or spoilage and may infect the consumer at another end. It has become a challenge for industries to produce a product that is safe, self-stable, and has high nutritional value, as many factors such as physical, chemical, enzymatic, or microbial activities are responsible for causing spoilage to the product within the due course of time. Thus, preservatives are added to retain the virtue of the product to ensure its safety for the consumer. Nowadays, the use of synthetic/artificial preservatives has become common and has not been widely accepted by consumers as they are aware of the fact that exposure to preservatives can lead to adverse effects on health, which is a major area of concern for researchers. Naturally occurring phenolic compounds appear to be extensively used as bio-preservatives to prolong the shelf life of the finished product. Based on the convincing shreds of evidence reported in the literature, it is suggested that phenolic compounds and their derivatives have massive potential to be investigated for the development of new moieties and are proven to be promising drug molecules. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the significant role of phenolic compounds and their derivatives in the preservation of perishable products from microbial attack due to their exclusive antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties and the problems associated with the use of synthetic preservatives in pharmaceutical products. This article also analyzes the recent trends in preservation along with technical norms that regulate the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products in the developing countries.

Combined effect of carvacrol and high hydrostatic pressure on quality attributes of chicken meat during refrigerated conditions

The application of hurdle approach using high hydrostatic processing (HHP) with bioactive compounds (BACs) to preserve meat quality is promising due to safety, improved well-being, and easier acceptance by customers compared to the use of synthetic preservatives. This study was designed to investigate the influence of natural phenolic BAC carvacrol (CARV) at 500 and 1000 ppm combined with HHP(300 and 600MPa) on the quality attributes of chicken meat after being vacuum-sealed and kept at 4 ± 0.5 °C for 28 days. The HHP showed a significantly higher pH rate (P<0.05), increased L* and b* value, decreased a* values, and reduction in water holding capacity (WHC) compared to unpressurized control meat with/without CARV. Reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) indexes was perceived in meat supplemented with CARV, and low level of HHP (300 HHP) whereas significantly increased lipid oxidation was witnessed with HHP 600 MPa. At day 28, an increase in aerobic mesophilic counts (AMCs) was observed in all meat samples. However, reductions of about 0.6, 0.8, and 1.1 log in AMCs were seen in meat treated with 600HHP-No CARV, HHP300-CARV 500 ppm, and 600HHP-CARV 1000 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, despite the overlapping aroma pattern between meat containing CARV and control groups, the electronic nose was able to discriminate control from samples subjected to HHP. The current results demonstrate that the addition of CARV improved the conservation effects of HHP with less oxidative deterioration of fresh chicken meat during chilling storage. Keywords: Bioactive compounds; High hydrostatic processing; Chicken meat; Lipid oxidation; Microbiological properties

The Influence of Antioxidant Plant Extracts on the Oxidation of O/W Emulsions

The demand for natural cosmetics has steadily increased in recent years. However, challenges occur especially in quality preservation regarding oxidative spoilage of natural cosmetic products, as the use of synthetic preservatives and antioxidants is limited. Therefore, it is important to find nature-based ingredients to ensure shelf life in natural cosmetic formulations. As a result, potential is seen in the use of plant-based antioxidant extracts. The aim of this work was to determine the suitability of the method combination by measuring the antioxidant activity, oxygen concentration, and volatile oxidation products via gas chromatography (hexanal) for the characterization of the influence of some plant extracts on the oxidative stability of natural cosmetic emulsions. Plant extracts of Riesling (Vitis vinifera) pomace, apple (Malus domestica) pomace, coffee (Coffea arabica) grounds, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) husk, and coffee (Coffea arabica) powder extract were incorporated in stable O/W emulsion formulations, while an emulsion without extract functioned as blank. Afterwards, the emulsions were subjected to 3-month accelerated storage tests with and without light exposure. Their oxygen uptake was investigated, and headspace gas chromatography measurements were performed to detect the fatty acid oxidation products formed during oxidative processes in the samples. The results showed that all emulsion samples under light exposure had a higher oxygen uptake and an increase in the characteristic fatty acid oxidation products compared with those stored under light exclusion. However, differences in oxygen uptake under light exposure were observed depending on the plant extract. Therefore, for O/W emulsions, the daily oxygen consumption rate correlated exponentially with the antioxidant activity, and the hexanal concentration correlated linearly with the daily oxygen consumption rate.

Bread packaging techniques and trends.

Bread staling and microbial growth is a complex physiochemical change that occurs during bread storage mainly reducing the quality and consumer acceptance. It is significant to understand the causes of physical, chemical, and microbial spoilage of bakery products in the food industry, to prevent quality decay and economic loss for manufacturers and consumers. Traditional packaging has limitations in protecting and preserving the final products' safety, hygiene, and quality. Effective novel strategies must be included in food packaging, especially to minimize the organoleptic losses of baked foods during their shelf life. Furthermore, owing to the spread of foodborne diseases, which directly affect the safety of the products, customer demand is increasing significantly to reduce the use of synthetic preservatives instead of natural ones. Innovative packaging is altering the way food items are packed in several ways to extend and monitor product shelf life. Traditional packaging includes packaging food in synthetic polymer film; however, modern technology allows them to interact with active/functional substances. This paper discusses innovative bread packaging strategies such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), active packaging (AP), intelligent packaging (IP), biosensor, and nano packaging. Furthermore, MAP and AP have received greater attention in this study due to their considerable effect in prolonging the shelf life of bread and naturally preventing fungal activity, and have gained a lot of interest among producers and consumers in recent years.

Efficiency оf Using Plant Antioxidants іn the Meat Processing Industry

A decrease in the nutritional value and a reduction in the shelf life of meat and meat products occurs primarily due to lipid peroxidation and microbial contamination of the product during the cold chain. The intensive development of organic animal husbandry requires market operators to ban the use of synthetic preservatives in the food industry and strictly control their use at production facilities. However, although plant extracts look promising as an alternative to antibiotics or chemical preservatives, there is extraordinarily little available information about the effective dose that can be used without the risk of toxic effects in consumers, which determined the relevance of this study. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of using plant extracts as natural antioxidants for the meat processing industry. To fulfil the purpose of this study, an analytical method was used. The main factors that reduce the quality and safety of food products during storage were analysed. The paper analyses the effectiveness of using natural, biologically safe antioxidants for the meat processing industry. It was found that the use of bioantioxidants allows minimising oxidative changes and microbial contamination, which can adversely affect the quality of meat and meatbased products. Based on the literature data, it was found that extracts of spicy plants (rosemary, green tea, sage, cloves, mustard, nutmeg, licorice root, ginger, garlic), berries (black currant, cranberry, strawberry, pomegranate, Maki and goji berries, grapes, barberry, plum) and their compositions are effective natural antioxidants that ensure long-term food storage. The intensive development of organic animal husbandry on the territory of Ukraine requires market operators to ban the use of synthetic preservatives in the food industry and strictly control their use at the production facilities of market operators

A comprehensive review on clove (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.) essential oil and its significance in the formulation of edible coatings for potential food applications.

Many studies have demonstrated the use of synthetic preservatives and chemical additives in food is causing poisoning, cancer, and other degenerative disorders. New solutions for food preservation with quality maintenance are currently emerging. As a result, public concern has grown, as they desire to eat healthier products that use natural preservatives and compounds rather than synthetic ones. Clove is a highly prized spice used as a food preservative and for a variety of therapeutic reasons. Clove essential oil and its principal active component, eugenol, indicate antibacterial and antifungal action, aromaticity, and safety as promising and valuable antiseptics in the food sector. Clove essential oil and eugenol are found to have strong inhibition effects on a variety of food-source bacteria, and the mechanisms are linked to lowering migration and adhesion, as well as blocking the creation of biofilm and various virulence factors. This review emphasizes the importance of CEO (clove essential oil) in the food industry and how it can be explored with edible coatings to deliver its functional properties in food preservation.

Natural Antimicrobials: A Clean Label Strategy to Improve the Shelf Life and Safety of Reformulated Meat Products.

Meat is a nutrient-rich matrix for human consumption. However, it is also a suitable environment for the proliferation of both spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. The growing demand to develop healthy and nutritious meat products with low fat, low salt and reduced additives and achieving sanitary qualities has led to the replacement of the use of synthetic preservatives with natural-origin compounds. However, the reformulation process that reduces the content of several important ingredients (salt, curing salts, etc.), which inhibit the growth of multiple microorganisms, greatly compromises the stability and safety of meat products, thus posing a great risk to consumer health. To avoid this potential growth of spoiling and/or pathogenic microorganisms, numerous molecules, including organic acids and their salts; plant-derived compounds, such as extracts or essential oils; bacteriocins; and edible coatings are being investigated for their antimicrobial activity. This review presents some important compounds that have great potential to be used as natural antimicrobials in reformulated meat products.

Antimicrobial properties of lysozyme in meat and meat products: possibilities and challenges

Meat and meat products are highly perishable as they can provide an appropriate environment for microbial growth due to their high water activity and proper pH level. Quality, safety, sensory and nutritional properties of meat products are highly influenced by pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. To prevent microbial growth, artificial antimicrobials have been used in food matrices, however safety concerns regarding the use of synthetic preservatives is a challenging issue. Additionally, consumer’s trend towards natural mildly processed products with extended shelf life necessitates the identification of alternative additives originating from natural sources of new acceptable and effective antimicrobials. Although the effectiveness of some natural antimicrobial agents has already been reported, still, there is lack of information regarding the possibility of using lysozyme as a preservative in meat and meat products either alone or in combination with other hurdles. In the present review the applications and beneficial effects of applying lysozyme in meat products, considering its limitations such as allergic problems, interactions with food constituents, reducing sensory changes and toxicity due to high required concentrations to prevent spoilage and oxidation in foods will be discussed

Antimicrobial Impacts of Microbial Metabolites on the Preservation of Fish and Fishery Products: A Review with Current Knowledge.

Microbial metabolites have proven effects to inhibit food spoilage microbiota, without any development of antimicrobial resistance. This review provides a recent literature update on the preservative action of metabolites derived from microorganisms on seafood. Fish and fishery products are regarded as a myriad of nutrition, while being highly prone to spoilage. Several proven controversies (antimicrobial resistance and health issues) related to the use of synthetic preservatives have caused an imminent problem. The demand for minimally processed and naturally preserved clean-label fish and fishery products is on rise. Metabolites derived from microorganisms have exhibited diverse preservation capacities on fish and fishery products’ spoilage. Inclusions with other preservation techniques, such as hurdle technology, for the shelf-life extension of fish and fishery products are also summarized.

Sustainability in Skin Care: Incorporation of Avocado Peel Extracts in Topical Formulations.

The avocado peel is an agro-industrial by-product that has exhibited a massive increase in its production in the last few years. The reuse and valorisation of this by-product are essential since its disposal raises environmental concerns. In the present study, ethanolic extracts of avocado peels of the Hass variety were obtained, for three extraction times (1.5 h, 3 h and 4 h) and analysed for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Antioxidant evaluations of the extracts revealed that the extraction time of 1.5 h exhibited the best results amongst the three, with a DPPH inhibition percentage of 93.92 ± 1.29 and an IC50 percentage, the necessary concentration of the extract to inhibit 50% of DPPH, of 37.30 ± 1.00. The antibacterial capacity of the extracts was evaluated and it was revealed that they were able to inhibit the growth and development of bacteria of the Staphylococcus family. The obtained extract was incorporated in two types of cosmetic formulations (oil-in-water and water-in-oil) and their stability was evaluated and compared with formulations containing synthetic preservatives (BHT and phenoxyethanol). The results of the stability evaluation suggest that the avocado peel extract has the potential to be incorporated in both types of emulsions, acting as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent, proving it to be a viable option to reduce/replace the use of synthetic preservatives. Furthermore, the avocado peel extract proved to be more effective and stable in oil-in-water emulsions. These results highlight the possibility of obtaining sustainable cosmetics, significantly reducing the negative impacts on the environment by the incorporation of extracts sourced from the avocado peel, an interesting source of phenolic compounds, an abundant and low-cost by-product.

Development of plant based nanoemulsion and its application as natural preservative having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties to deliver active compounds in apple juice

In this study, active compound loaded stable nanoemulsion (surface charge -18 mV) was developed having small diameter (<100 nm) from the plant extract of raw Syzygium aromaticum , Ocimum tenuiflorum and rhizome of Zingiber officinale . The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of formulated nanoemulsion were analyzed. The nanoemulsion showed good antimicrobial activity against various food poisoning organisms viz. bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ) and fungi ( Candida albicans ). For the antioxidant study, two different methods 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic 167 acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) were used, and a satisfactory result achieved (% inhibition for DPPH: 63.64±1.85 and ABTS: 48.36±1.12). The nanoemulsion in combination with a low dose of benzoic acid (200 ppm) is used as a preservative in formulated apple juice. The formulated juice quality was analyzed compared with standard fruit juice during a storage period of 30 days and quality of fruit juice remained good. This method thus allows reducing the use of synthetic preservatives with added benefit of natural beneficial compound in the formulated juice for human consumption.

Test The Antibacterial Effectiveness of Ginger Juice (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var Rubrum) Against Food Pathogen Bacteria

The use of very dangerous chemicals for food reservations is still happening in Indonesia. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to have public awareness of the importance of food safety and health, causing the use of synthetic preservatives to be avoided and switching to natural preservatives, one of which is ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var Rubrum). Ginger contains gingerols which have activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, and antitumor. The content of secondary metabolites contained in ginger rhizome plants is an antimicrobial group of phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils contained in the ginger extract and is a group of bioactive compounds that can inhibit microbial growth. The purpose of the study was to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of ginger juice (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var Rubrum) against food pathogenic bacteria. The results obtained were that at a concentration of 25% it could not inhibit Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, while at concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% it could inhibit Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with inhibition zone criteria from moderate to very strong. The greater the concentration of ginger juice given, the greater the inhibition zone obtained.

Antimicrobial multi-component lipid-based nanoemulsion of Eucalyptus globulus and Mentha piperita as natural preservative

Natural preservatives were predominantly developed to eliminate the use of synthetic preservatives for food and agriculture industries. Multi-component nanoemulsions (MCN) with significant antibacterial activity should be proper candidates as natural preservatives. This research aimed to formulate a multi-component phospholipid-based nanoemulsion (PNE) with prolonged shelf-life loaded with a mixture of Eucalyptus globulus and Mentha piperita essential oils (EOs). The effects of different chemical and mechanical conditions (ultrasonication) on the stability of MCN were evaluated. The emulsions were monitored from day 1 to 730, and stable formulae were investigated for around two years. The Zeta potential confirmed the anionic surface charge. Dynamic light scattering and transmission light scattering revealed a droplet size ranging between 93.40 and 100.00 nm. A homogeneous formula was stable for more than 730 days. Ultrasonication treatment and 1% v/v of food-grade castor oil as co-emulsifier were critical in fabricating stable formulae. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 31, 8, and 63 µg/ml were observed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis, respectively. The results showed a significant reduction in MIC values of 32-, 250-, 15-fold against E. coli, S. aureus and S. enteritidis, respectively, compared to an original mixture of essential oils. The mass transfer followed a case-I transfer (Fick law diffusion) evaluated by Koresmeyer-Peppas kinetic model (R 2 = 0.88). In conclusion, MCN could be a promising candidate for natural preservatives to be used in the food, agriculture and cosmetic industries.

Spirulina platensis Extract Nanoliposomes: Preparation, Characterization, and Application to White Cheese.

Ultrafiltration cheese is produced in large scale from treated pasteurized milk with mesophilic starter, and to expand its shelf life, preservatives addition is needed. The purpose of the present study was preparation of encapsulate Spirulina platensis algae nanoliposomes to evaluate the characteristics of the nanoliposomes loaded with Spirulina extract (SE-NLs). In addition, the chemical and microbiological properties of white cheese produced with SE-NLs were studied. Nanoliposomes are composed of lecithin and cholesterol, used for the encapsulation of SE. The SE-NLs were prepared using the thin-layer hydration method. The characteristics of produced SE-NLs including particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and the encapsulation efficiency were studied during 4 weeks in different storage conditions (4°C and 25°C). In addition, the effect of SE and SE-NLs on the chemical and microbiological properties of white cheese was evaluated during 60 days of ripening. The results showed that the nanoliposomes loaded with 3 mg/g of SE had the optimum formulation due to the higher EE, smaller particle size, and higher negatively charged zeta potential. The quality of the produced nanoliposomes decreased by increasing the time of storage, but the SE-NLs stored at 4°C were more stable and possessed higher EE and smaller particle sizes. While the chemical composition of the cheeses manufactured by the nanoliposome loaded with 3 mg/g SE-NLs were comparable to that of control cheese at 60 days of ripening, it showed a significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes after 30 days. The utilization of SE-NLs can be considered a natural antimicrobial and an alternative to the use of synthetic preservatives in the production of white cheese. Nanoliposomes of Spirulina platensis extracts were prepared. Ultrafiltration white cheese prepared by nanoliposomes then was evaluated.

Natural compounds obtained from plants as alternatives for meat and meat products preservation

The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the findings on the use of natural compounds as preservatives in meat and meat products as a healthier and safer alternative compared to the use of synthetic preservatives. Due to its biological composition, meat and its derivatives are susceptible to spoilage, a process that can be delayed with the use of synthetic food preservatives. However, it is known that some products can trigger undesirable effects on consumer health. In recent years, there has been a greater demand for products obtained naturally or directly from a biological organism without laboratory interference in their composition, in order to reduce risks to the consumer. The most promising compounds belong to the groups of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which have a proven, positive effect on oxidation and microbial development. Findings on the use of natural compounds as preservatives in meat and meat products demonstrate an alternative to increased shelf life without risking consumer health.

Antimicrobial potential of a bioactive coating based on chitosan incorporated with clove essential oil in hamburger-like meat product

The food industry is looking for strategies to prevent microbial growth in order to ensure food safety and shelf life. However, the use of synthetic preservatives, such as nitrate and nitrite in meat products, entails risks to human health. An alternative is the utilization of essential oils, widely known for their antimicrobial properties. This work aimed the antimicrobial potential of a bioactive coating based on chitosan incorporated with clove essential oil in in hamburger-like meat product. Through the analysis of antimicrobial activity by diffusion in agar and broth, there was an action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Regarding Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 3.74 mg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 374.33 mg/mL for both. In the micro atmospheric diffusion test, CEO reduced by up to 70 and 76% of the E. coli and S. aureus bacteria development, respectively. CEO was applied as an active component in chitosan-based coatings in hamburger-like meat, in which it was able to promote the control of microbial proliferation of Total Coliforms, Coliforms at 45 ⁰C and Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus throughout 7 days of storage under refrigeration. It is concluded that the bioactive coating based on chitosan incorporated with clove essential oil promotes microbiological control in hamburger-like meat product.

Antioxidant Activities of Lemongrass with Solvent Multi-Step Extraction Microwave-Assisted Extraction as Natural Food Preservative

The use of synthetic preservatives is considered to have an adverse effect (carcinogenic) upon prolong consumption. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a plant that has bioactive components to act as antioxidants and potential to use as a natural food preservative. Bioactive components can be non-polar, semi-polar and polar; therefore, to determine the dominant bioactive components, a solvent multi-step extraction carried out. This study aimed to determine the specific bioactive components of lemongrass (antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and total flavonoids) suitable of polarity in the leaves and stem of lemongrass extract obtained from solvent multi-step extraction with Microwave-Assisted Extraction. The solvent used is ethanol (polar), ethyl acetate (semi-polar) and n-hexane (non-polar). The result showed that the highest bioactive components obtained from the polar stem lemongrass with total phenolic content of 19.31 mg GAE/g, flavonoids of 3.31 mg GAE/g. This result related to antioxidant activity of the extract of 79.96 %. The high antioxidant activity showed that lemongrass has potential to be used as a natural food preservative, especially in high fat food products.